Text-Book Of Materia Medica For Nurses | by Lavinia L. Dock
The study of materia medica is made, to some extent, a part of the course in all our training schools for nurses; but, so far, no text-book has been prepared along the special lines followed in class recitations. Those special lines are well defined, and are limited. They begin and end with medicines, and do not run into therapeutics. The application of medicine to disease is no part of a nurse's study, and there are therefore some inconveniences met with in using - as text-books - works on materia medica which are written solely for the use of the medical profession...
| Title | Text-Book Of Materia Medica For Nurses |
| Author | Lavinia L. Dock |
| Publisher | G. P. Putnam's Sons |
| Year | 1916 |
| Copyright | 1916, G. P. Putnam's Sons |
| Amazon | Text-book of materia medica for nurses |
Text-Book Of Materia Medica For Nurses
Compiled By Lavinia L. Dock Graduate Of Bellevue Training School For Nurses
Sixth Edition, Revised And Enlarged
Revised In Accordance With The Ninth Decennial Revision Of The U. S. Pharmacopoeia
Authority to use for comment the Pharmacopoeia of the United States of America, Ninth Decennial Revision; in the volume, has been granted by the Board of Trustees of the United States Pharmacopoei .1 Convention, which Board of Trustees is in no way responsible for the accuracy of any translations of the official weights and measures or for any statements as to strength of official preparations.
The Knickerbocker press, new York
Preface To The Sixth Edition- The special feature of this revision is a chapter on Solutions, prepared by Miss Ethel Johns of the Johns Hopkins Hospital Training School for Nurses. The dosage has been radically altered to follo...
- Preface To The Fourth Edition
- The latest revision of the Materia Medica has been entrusted to Miss Bean of the Johns Hopkins Hospital Training School for Nurses. As in former revisions, synthetic remedies which have borne the t...
- Preface
- The study of materia medica is made, to some extent, a part of the course in all our training schools for nurses; but, so far, no text-book has been prepared along the special lines followed in class ...
- The New Pharmacopoeia
- The Ninth Decennial Revision of the Pharmacopoeia of the U. S. A. is in many respects the most interesting as well as the most important yet issued, and the explanatory matter contained in its Preface...
- Introduction
- The broad meaning of medicine (Medicina) is the science and art of healing and curing the sick (Gould); but aside from this meaning the word is used in a restricted sense, to signify a drug used for...
- Physiological Actions of Drugs
- II. In considering drugs in reference to the second division, we find them grouped according to the effect they have on the human organism in disease. This mode of classification must be grasped broad...
- Classes Of Medicine According To Their Physiological Actions
- Absorbents Those which produce absorption and exudation of diseased tissue (Gould). Alteratives A rather vague term, not universally approved, applied to certain drugs which have an un-explai...
- Preparation Of Medicines
- III. The preparation of medicines from the crude drug is carried on in drug mills and pharmacies by many processes of great nicety and by exact formulae which place them, when completed, in distinct c...
- Liquid Preparations
- Emulsions Liquid preparations in which oleaginous substances are suspended in a minutely divided state, by the aid of gummy or viscid substances, in water. Four official. Elixirs are aromatic sw...
- Solid Preparations
- Extracts Semi-solid or solid preparations, made by evaporation of a solution of the soluble substances of drugs. Twenty- five official.. Resins Peculiar substances soluble in alcohol and inso...
- Recent Methods Of Exhibiting Drugs
- Tablets are compressed drugs which are first granulated, then moistened with alcohol, and rubbed dry through a sieve to prevent sticking to the dies of the machine. They are prepared in a strictly ase...
- Notes On Solutions
- Introductory The making of solutions is a phase of nursing procedure which necessitates exact knowledge and careful technique. It is essentially a pharmaceutical process and could be taught to good...
- Notes On Solutions. Continued
- Problem IV It is sometimes necessary to administer a fractional dose of a drug when the only preparation on hand is a solution whose strength is indicated in terms of percentage. Example Stry...
- The Metric System
- This system of weights and measures, first instituted by the French, is now in general use on the Continent of Europe, and is legalized in the United States, where it is employed in certain department...
- Drugs Classification According To Their Prominent Therapeutical Actions
- This classification of the Materia Medica, being designed for the use of nurses, follows the order in which Anatomy is commonly taught in training schools for nurses, as it is thought that the study o...
- The Circulatory System
- Drugs Acting On The Heart Cardiac Tonics, - increase force of heart's contraction, lessening frequency. Strychnine. Digitalis. Arsenic. Rest. Graded Exercise. Food. Also iron, iodides, mercur...
- The Respiratory System
- Drugs Acting On Respiration Respiratory Stimulants, - stimulate respiration by action on brain centres. Strychnine. Ammonia. Atropine. Also aconite, belladonna, hyoscyamus, stramonium, campho...
- The Digestive System
- Drugs Acting On The Salivary Glands Sialagogues, - increase flow of saliva. Pilocarpus. Mercurials. Acids. Also tobacco, ether, pungents, iodine, physostigmine, antimony, and ipecac. Anti-...
- The Nervous System
- Drugs Acting On The Spinal Cord And Nerves Spinal Stimulants and Motor-Excitants - stimulate cells of spinal cord; act on motor nerves; increase reflex excitability. Strychnine. Ammonia. Ether. ...
- The Urinary Organs
- Drugs Acting On The Kidneys Diuretics, - increase the quantity of urine. (1) Cardiac, - increase the flow of urine by action on heart, and general and local circulation. Digitalis. Alcohol. S...
- The Generative Organs
- Emmenagogues, - restore or regulate the menstrual flow. Most of them are tonic and sedative to the uterus and ovaries. Viburnum Prunifolium. Iron. Aloetic Purgatives. Savine. Also hydrastis, api...
- The Skin
- Diaphoretics, - increase the secretion of sweat. Indirectly they aid the kidneys and reduce temperature. Pilocarpine. Dover's Powder. Acetanilide. Also salicylates, nitrous ether, antimony, eupator...
- The Eye
- Mydriatics, - cause dilatation of the pupil of the eye. Atropine. Duboisine. Cocaine. Myotics, - contract the pupil. Physostigmine (Eserine). Opium, etc ...
- Substances Having General Systemic Effect On Blood And Tissue
- Restoratives, - promote constructional tissue change. (1) Foods, - supply new material for repair and oxidation. Proteids. Carbohydrates. Fats. Salts. Water. Including albumins, starches, sugars...
- Antiseptics And Disinfectants
- Antiseptics, - arrest the growth of or destroy microorganisms. Disinfection, - relates to the complete destruction of the organism. Formaline. Bichloride of Mercury. Sulphurous Acid. Also car...
- Part I. The Inorganic Materia Medica. The Alkalies And Alkaline Earths
- The word alkali is formed from two Arabic words, al, meaning the, and kali, the name of a plant from the ashes of which soda was obtained. Chemically, an alkali is one of a class of caustic...
- Salt Action Or Ion Action
- The alkalies and their combinations with acids, forming salts, act in the system in a different way from the animal or vegetable drugs or the metals. When the salts are taken into the stomach and inte...
- Potassii Hydroxidum, Potassium Hydroxide
- (Potash.) There are three great natural sources from which potash and its salts are derived, viz.: 1. Wood ashes. 2. Argol, the deposit left in wine casks during the fermentation of grape-juice. 3....
- Preparations Of Potassium
- Potassii Carbonas. Potassium Carbonate. Salt Of Tartar A white, granular powder, with strongly alkaline taste which liquefies on exposure to the air by absorbing moisture from it. Average dose, gr....
- Sodium (Soda)
- There are four natural sources of the official salts of soda and their preparations, viz.: 1. Sodium, a metallic element. 2. Sodium chloride, or common salt, obtained from sea-water by evaporati...
- Sodii Carbonas. Sodium Carbonate. Not Official
- Called sal soda, or washing soda. Transparent colorless crystals, soluble in two parts of water. Its effects are similar to those of the potassium carbonate, but it is rarely used medicinally. In larg...
- Sodii Boras. Sodium Borate. Borax
- Borax is found as a native product in several localities. It is also artificially made by combining native boric acid with soda. On the skin it acts as a soap- removing the waste. Added to hard wate...
- Lithium (Lithia)
- Lithium is obtained from several minerals, and traces of it are found in certain mineral waters. Lithium salts have strong alkaline properties, and act on the human organism as do the other members of...
- Ammonium (Ammonia)
- Ammonia is a gaseous compound of hydrogen and nitrogen; colorless, irrespirable, highly irritant, of strong alkaline reaction and pungent odor. It is obtained in the manufacture of coal gas, and occur...
- Preparations Of Ammonia
- Ammonii Chloridum. Ammonium Chloride A white crystalline or granular powder, of a cooling, salty taste. The action of ammonium chloride on the skin is soothing rather than irritating, as applied in...
- Nitrous Oxide Gas (Laughing Gas)
- Nitrous oxide gas is a colorless, inodorous gas that can be liquefied by pressure, and is made by heating ammonium nitrate to 350-450 F., and washing the gas. It is used in dentistry, in minor su...
- Calx. Calcium Oxide, Lime
- Calcium occurs abundantly in nature and in manufacture. It is found largely as a carbonate in the form of limestone, chalk, marble, etc.; as a sulphate as plaster of Paris, gypsum, alabaster; as a pho...
- Magnesii Oxidum, Magnesium Oxide. Magnesia
- The official preparations of magnesia are all derived, directly or indirectly, from the sulphate. Physiological Actions Magnesia, in the form of the oxide and carbonates, forms insoluble and com...
- The Metals. Plumbum (Lead)
- Lead is found native in small masses. It is a dull, whitish metal with a tint of blue, and is not given in its native state, medicinally, but in the form of salts. Physiological Actions The spec...
- Preparations Of Lead
- Plumbi Acetas. Lead Acetate. Sugar Of Lead Made by the action of acetic acid on litharge, or lead oxide. This is the only preparation of lead given internally. Acute poisoning has been caused by th...
- Argentum (Silver)
- The metal silver itself is not used in medicine, and its preparations are not numerous. The properties of silver will be described under its most important salt. Argenti Nitras. Silver Nitrate P...
- Aurum (Gold). Preparations of Gold
- Auri Et Sodii Chloridum. Gold And Sodium Chloride This salt is a somewhat deliquescent powder of salty metallic taste, soluble in water. The precise physiological actions of the salts of gold are n...
- Zincum, Zinc
- There are two sources of the salts and preparations of zinc, viz.: the metal, zinc, and the native carbonate, calamine. Not official as a metal. Physiological Actions The salts of zinc are, in t...
- Preparations Of Zinc
- Zinci Chloridum. Zinc Chloride Made by dissolving zinc which has been melted and poured into cold water, in dilute hydrochloric acid, and boiling. It then goes through several purifying pro-cesses....
- Cuprum (Copper)
- The action of copper is very similar to that of silver and zinc. Metallic copper is inert. The salts are not absorbed by the unbroken skin, but applied to mucous membranes and exposed tissues they are...
- Alumen, Alum
- Alum is the sulphate of aluminum and potash and has a crystalline form and a taste which is both acid and sweetish, and also astringent. It is soluble in water, but insoluble in alcohol. Physiologi...
- Ferrum (Iron)
- All the salts and preparations of iron are made directly or indirectly from the metal. Physiological Actions Iron is the most important of the mineral tonics, and may be more properly described ...
- Preparations Of Iron
- The five preparations of iron which are especially prescribed because of their effectiveness and because they are the least irritating of the iron compounds are: Tincture of the chloride. Syrup ...
- Manganesium (Manganese)
- Manganese is found native in the form of the black oxide. Not official as such. Physiological Actions Manganese is found in the human body associated with iron. They are found together in the bl...
- Hydrargyrum Mercury. Quicksilver
- Mercury is obtained from cinnabar by roasting and distilling with lime. It is a silver-white metal, liquid, and giving off vapor at ordinary temperatures, and capable of being entirely volatilized by ...
- Preparations Of Mercury
- Hydrargyri Chloridum Corrosivum. Corrosive Mercuric Chloride. Corrosive Sublimate Known as bichloride of mercury, or bichloride. Made by subliming bisulphate of mercury with chloride of sodium. S...
- Yellow Wash. Not Official
- Corrosive sublimate ss, lime-water O. j. Used externally. These two washes depend for their efficacy on the black and yellow oxides which are formed by the union with lime-water. They are us...
- Arsenium (Arsenic)
- Metallic arsenic is inert, and is not used in medicine, Arseni Trioxidum. Arsenic Trioxide. Arsenous Acid. White Arsenic Obtained principally as a secondary product in the roasting of cobalt ore...
- Preparations Of Arsenic
- Arseni Trioxidum. Arsenic Trioxide. Arsenous Acid Average dose, gr. 1/30-0.002 Gm., well diluted and given after meals. Liquor Acidi Arsenosi. Solution Of Arsenous Acid Contains arsenic triox...
- Antimonium (Antimony)
- The metal itself (stibium) is not official, all preparations being derived from black antimony, which is obtained from siliceous matter, purified and powdered. Antimonii Et Potassii Tartras. Antimo...
- Bismuthum (Bismuth)
- A crystalline metal, impure in its crude state, and containing arsenic as one of the impurities. It goes through various chemical processes by way of purification. Not official as a metal. Physiolo...
- Non-Metallic Elements. Phosphorus, Phosphorus
- A non-metallic element made from bones, by treating bone-ash with sulphuric acid and water. It is a semi-transparent, almost colorless, wax-like solid, with a peculiar garlic odor; it is luminous in t...
- Chlorum (Chlorine)
- Chlorine is a greenish-yellow gas, belonging to the halogen group of elements. The title halogen is derived from the Greek word meaning sea, and is so given because the most important members of the...
- Bromum, (Bromine.)
- A liquid element obtained from sea-water and from certain mineral springs. A dark, brownish-red, very volatile liquid, of strong and suffocating odor. When brought into contact with organic matter it ...
- Iodum (Iodine)
- Iodine is a non-metallic element of bluish color, derived chiefly from the ashes of sea-weeds; not readily soluble in water; soluble in ether, alcohol, and glycerin. It is never given internally in cr...
- Iodoformum. Iodoform
- Iodoform is made by heating iodine with potassium carbonate, alcohol, and water, and allowing the crystalline deposit to settle. It consists of small, bright-yellow, lustrous crystalline scales, with ...
- Sulphaminol. Sulphur (Brimstone)
- Sulphur is found native in volcanic districts as crude sulphur, and in combination with metals, as sulphides. Not official as crude sulphur. Physiological Actions Sulphur is used externally for ...
- Carbo Ligni. Wood Charcoal
- Charcoal is obtained from the combustion of bones, - carbo animalis, animal charcoal, or bone black - and of wood - carbo ligni, wood charcoal. Charcoal absorbs and condenses many gases and vapors,...
- Inorganic Acids. Acidum Sulphuricum, Sulphuric Acid. (Oil of Vitriol.)
- Sulphuric acid is made by passing in leaden chambers simultaneously the vapors of burning sulphur, nitric acid, steam, and air. It is a colorless, oily-looking, intensely acid liquid, containing 7....
- Acidum Nitricum, Nitric Acid
- (Aqua Fortis.) Nitric acid is prepared from nitre by distillation with water and sulphuric acid. A colorless, intensely acid, fuming liquid, containing 68 per cent acid, the rest water. Physiolo...
- Acidum Phosphoricum, Phosphoric Acid
- A colorless, odorless liquid, made by boiling phosphorus with nitric acid and water, and having a strength of 85 per cent. It is very acid, but does not corrode the tissues. Its physiological effects ...
- Acidum Boricum, Boric Acid
- Made by the action of sulphuric acid on borax, or by purification of native boric acid, which is a compound of the element boron with oxygen, and is obtained from certain mineral springs in Italy. Whi...
- The Organic Acids. Acidum Aceticum, Acetic Acid
- Prepared from wood by destructive distillation and purification. A colorless liquid, with pungent odor and strong acid taste; strength 36 per cent.; the rest water. Glacial acetic acid has 99 parts...
- Acidum Citricum, Citric Acid
- Citric acid is obtained from the juice of the lemon, Citrus limonum, or of the lime, Citrus bergamia, by neutralizing the boiling juice with chalk, and putting it through various processes. It is very...
- Acidum Tartaricum, Tartaric Acid
- Tartaric acid is the acid of the grape, and is made from acid tartrate of potassium by a process similar to that used with citric acid. Its local action upon abraded surfaces, mucous membranes, or ...
- Acidum Tannicum, Tannic Acid
- There are two kinds of tannic acid, of which the official one is the gallo-tannic, and is obtained by treating powdered galls with washed ether. (Galls are growths of plant tissue caused by parasitic ...
- Acidum Lacticum, Lactic Acid
- Lactic acid is found in sour milk. It is also produced by the action of a special ferment on sugar, and is one of the normal constituents of the gastric juice. It is a pale-yellow, syrupy, inodorous l...
- Acidum Hydrocyanicum Dilutum. Diluted Hydrocyanic Acid
- Made by distilling aqueous solutions of ferro-cyanide of potassium and sulphuric acid, and diluting the product with the water to the required strength. A colorless, watery liquid, containing 2 parts ...
- Acidum Oxalicum (Oxalic Acid)
- Oxalic acid is never used in medicine, but, as a poison, it has caused accidental death so often that it will be included here. There are two forms of oxalic acid: one, the simple acid, which is found...
- The Carbon Compounds. Alcohol
- Alcohol is a product which results from a process of fermentation in substances containing grape-sugar- called the vinous fermentation in distinction from the acetous or vinegar-forming process. At...
- Liquor Formaldehydi. Solution Of Formaldehyde
- Formaldehyde is derived from the oxidation of wood alcohol. It is antiseptic, disinfectant, deodorant, and germicidal in its action. It may be used either in solution in water (formaline) or as a vapo...
- Liquor Formaldehydi. Solution Of Formaldehyde. Continued
- When used in doses sufficient to give this result simply, alcohol is evidently favorable to digestion, but in larger quantities it has another and unfavorable action, namely, that of precipitating the...
- Preparations Of Alcohol
- Alcohol. Alcohol Contains 94.9 % by volume, 92.3 % by weight, of pure ethyl alcohol with 7.7 of water. Alcohol Dehydratum. Dehydrated Alcohol Alcohol Absolutum. U. S. P., viii. Made from a...
- Wines. Not Official
- Wines, brandy, and whisky have been excluded from U. S. P., ix., because of their inexact contents of alcohol. White wine contains about 10 per cent. of alcohol, and is made from grape juice without s...
- Chloroformum, Chloroform
- Chloroform is made by the action of chlorine on alcohol. Physiological Actions Externally applied and allowed to evaporate, chloroform causes a sense of coldness and depresses the terminations o...
- Aether. Ether
- A colorless, volatile liquid, made by the action of sulphuric acid on alcohol, by a very elaborate process. It evaporates rapidly on exposure to the air, and is very inflammable, as is also the vap...
- Preparations Of Ether
- Spiritus Aetheris. Spirit Of Ether. Hoffman's Drops Has 32.5 parts of ether and 67.5 of alcohol. Dose, i.-4 mils, well diluted with cold water. Spiritus AEtheris Compositus. Compound Spir...
- Aethylis Chloridum. Ethyl Chloride
- A highly inflammable gas at the ordinary room temperature, it must never be used near a fire. It may easily be liquefied, and is used both as a general and a local anaesthetic. In obstetrics and in de...
- Chloral
- Chloral is an oily, colorless fluid, made by the action of chlorine on alcohol. It is not used in medicine. United with water it forms a hydrate which is the hydrated chloral of the U. S. P. Chlora...
- Paraldehydum, Paraldehyde
- Paraldehyde is a colorless liquid solidifying below 50 F., and soluble in ten parts of water. It has a strong ethereal odor and unpleasant taste. It is a pure hypnotic, like chloral, having about...
- Sulphonmethanum, Sulphonal
- Sulphonal is an alcohol derivative, belonging to what are chemically known as the sulphur compounds of alcohol. It has hypnotic action. It is a white, odor less, and tasteless powder, almost insoluble...
- Amylis Nitris, Amyl Nitrite
- Amyl nitrite is produced by distilling nitric acid with amylic alcohol (fusel oil), sulphuric acid, and copper, and purifying with alkalies by various intricate processes. An ethereal liquid of yellow...
- Nitro Glycerinum, Nitro Glycerin, Trinitrin, Glonoin. Not Official
- Made by dropping glycerin in a mixture of sulphuric and nitric acids kept ice-cold; separating by pouring the product into water, washing, and evaporating to a proper density. A colorless, oily liquid...
- Phenol, Carbolic Acid
- Phenol is a product of the distillation of coal tar. It may also be obtained by the distillation of other organic substances, and, finally, may be made artificially- synthetic carbolic acid. Crude phe...
- Creosotum, Creosote
- Creosote is produced by the distillation of wood tar, and is a very complex substance, containing many hydro-carbons, some of which are closely related to phenol. Creosote is not as poisonous as pheno...
- Guaiacol
- Obtained by distilling beechwood-tar creosote, or by preparing synthetically. Derivatives of guaiacol: the first only official. Guaiacolis Carbonas Benzosol. Styracol. ...
- Acidum Salicylicum, Salicylic Acid
- Salicylic acid is prepared synthetically by treating a solution of carbolic acid in caustic soda with carbonic acid, at a moderate heat. It is also found in nature in oil of wintergreen, in sweet birc...
- Naphthalenum, Naphthalin
- A coal-tar derivative with the taste and odor of tar; insoluble in water, soluble in ether, hot alcohol, and benzol. It is antiseptic and destructive to low forms of life. Internally it is a stimul...
- Antipyretics
- These drugs are supposed to act upon the heat regulating centre of the body, throwing it out of function, the heat then accumulating in the body as it is formed by oxidation and other processes, until...
- Antipyrina, Antipyrine
- Antipyrine is a coal-tar derivative, being prepared from chinolin. It is an alkaloidal body, combining with acids to form salts. A whitish, crystalline powder of slightly bitter taste, soluble in wate...
- Acetanilidum, Acetanilid. Antifebrin
- A neutral substance derived from aniline by the action of glacial acetic acid. A colorless crystalline powder of slightly burning taste, soluble in alcohol, but not readily so in water. Its medicin...
- Pheno-Resorcin. Not Official
- A mixture of phenol and resorcinol, in the proportion of two thirds of the former and one third of the latter. It has antiseptic qualities. ...
- Acetphenetidinum, Acetphenetidin. Phenacetin
- A preparation belonging to the phenol group; a decided antipyretic, being also antiseptic, sedative, and analgesic. After large doses profuse sweating is the first result, appearing in from thirty to ...
- Pyridine. Not Official
- Pyridine is found in nature as one of the principles of tobacco-juice, and is imitated in chemistry, and derived from chinolin. It is a volatile liquid with strong aromatic odor. It gives off, at ordi...
- Benzosulphinidum. Saccharin
- Saccharin is a substance produced by a very complicated chemical process from a coal-tar product called toluene. It is the sweetest of known substances, being between two hundred and three hundred tim...
- Acidum Oleicum. Oleic Acid
- A fluid fatty acid made from olein, the fluid principle of oils and fats, by the action of heated steam. It is used in the preparation of medicinal ointments called oleates, of which only one is now o...
- Petrolatum (Vaseline)
- Vaseline is a semi-solid substance obtained from petroleum by distillation and purification, and is used alone as an emollient, and also as the basis of various ointments. ...
- Glycerinum, Glycerin. Glycerol
- Glycerin is obtained by the reaction of fats and fixed oils with watery alkaline fluids. Chemically it is classed with the alcohols. It is always set free in the process of soap-making as a waste prod...
- Part II. The Organic Materia Medica. The Vegetable Kingdom
- Arranged under Botanical, Divisions or Natural, Orders. Fam. Ranunculaceoe. ...
- Aconitum, Aconite. Monkshood (Wolfsbane)
- Aconite is a tall perennial plant bearing a spike of blue flowers; found native in Europe, and cultivated in the United States. The official portion is the root, which is from 3 to 4 inches long, abou...
- Preparations Of Aconite
- Fluidextractum Aconiti. Fluidextract Of Aconite Average dose, ss.-0.03 mil. Tinctura Aconiti. Tincture Of Aconite Made from the root. Strength 10%. Average dose, iii.-0.2 mi...
- Staphisagria, Stavesacre
- The dried ripe seeds of Delphinium staphisagria. They possess four alkaloids, one of which, delphinine, is closely allied to aconitine, resembling it strongly in action. It is even more depressing. Th...
- Podophyllum, May Apple, Mandrake
- The dried rhizome 1 and rootlets of the May apple, a perennial herb of the Northern and Middle United States. An alkaloid, berberine, and two resins, are the active principles. Physiological Action...
- Cimicifuga, Black Snakeroot
- The dried rhizome and rootlets of Cimicifuga race-mosa, an indigenous plant, containing a volatile oil, two resins, and tannin. Cimicifuga has antispasmodic action. In moderate doses it has been us...
- Adonis Vernalis. Not Official
- The root of Adonis vernalis contains a glucoside named adonidin. It is allied in action to digitoxin, one of the principles of digitalis, but is more irritating to the digestive organs. Physiologic...
- Hydrastis, Golden Seal
- The roots and root stocks of Hydrastis canadensis yield the alkaloids verberine, xanthopuccine, and hy-drastine, of which the last is the active principle. Physiological Actions Hydrastis is an ...
- Fam. Menispermaceoe. Calumba
- The root of Jateorhiza palmata, of Eastern Africa, contains an alkaloid, berberine; a bitter neutral principle, colombin; and colombic acid. It contains no tannin, and may be given with iron. Calum...
- Fam. Papaveraceoe. Opium
- Opium is the juice of the unripe capsules of the Papaver somniferum or white poppy, thickened by evaporation (inspissated), and is obtained by incising the capsules with a small sharp knife, when the ...
- Preparations Of Opium
- Solid Preparations Extractum Opii. Extract Of Opium Two Gm. of opium in one of extract Average dose, gr. ss.-0.03 Gm. Pilulae Opii. Pills Of Opium. Not Official Strength, about one grain t...
- Alkaloids Of Opium. Morphina, Morphine
- There has been a striking elimination of morphine preparations from the official lists within the past ten years, coincident with the steady movement of the medical profession and intelligent laity to...
- Codeina, Codeine, Methylmorphine
- Codeine has slightly exciting action on the spinal cord. Its hypnotic action is feeble and uncertain. It is not constipating. Codeinae Phosphas. Codeine Phosphate Average dose, gr. 1/2-0.03 Gm. ...
- Heroin (Trade Name)
- Practically the same as diacetylmorphine. It is a subtle and dangerous drug of habit-forming qualities, and is employed in many trade or commercial preparations. It has been much used as a sedative, a...
- Apomorphinae Hydrochloridum. Apomorphine Hydrochloride
- Prepared from morphine by the action of hydrochloric acid. An active and certain emetic, which acts indirectly or through the vomiting centre in the medulla. It may therefore be given hypodermically i...
- Fam. Cruciferoe. Sinapis Alba And Nigra. White And Black Mustard
- The mixed and powdered dried ripe seeds of Sinapis alba and Brassica nigra, grown in temperate regions. Black mustard seeds contain various principles, the most important one being a volatile oil, ...
- Fam. Polygalaceoe. Senega, Snake-Root
- The dried root of Polygala senega, of the Middle and Southern United States. The active principle is saponin, a glucoside, allied to digitonin, one of the active principles of digitalis. Senega act...
- Fam. Sapindaceoe. Guarana
- The seeds of Paullinia Cupana. They contain an active principle, guaranine, which is similar to caffeine Fluidextractum Guaranae. Fluidextract Of Guarana Average dose, xxx-2 mils. ...
- Fam. Erythroxylaceoe. Coca
- The coca tree Erythroxylon coca is cultivated in South America. The dried leaves have a bitter, aromatic taste, and an odor like tea. They are extensively used by the natives, who chew them as a stimu...
- Fam. Linaceoe. Linum, Linseed. Flaxseed
- The dried ripe seeds of the flax. They contain a fixed oil and a quantity of mucilage. The whole seeds are used to make a demulcent drink, flaxseed tea; ground into meal, they are used for poultices; ...
- Fam. Malvaceoe. Gossypium Purificatum, Purified Cotton. Absorbent Cotton
- Cotton-wool is too familiar to need description, and is introduced here as the first step in making collodion. Pyroxylinum, Pyroxylin. Soluble Gun Cotton Made by treating cotton-wool with sulphu...
- Collodium, Collodion
- Made by dissolving pyroxylin in a mixture of ether and alcohol. When applied to the skin, after evaporation of the ether and alcohol, a colorless, transparent, contractile film is deposited, imperviou...
- Fam. Sterculiaceoe. Oleum Theobromatis, Oil Of Theobroma. Cacao Butter
- An oil expressed from the seeds of Theobroma Cacao, the chocolate tree. It has the consistency of tallow, and melts at the temperature of the body. It does not become rancid, and is used as an unguent...
- Fam. Rutaceoe. Buchu
- The leaves of Barosma betulina and other species of the same family, from Southern Africa. They contain volatile oil and a bitter extract. Buchu is slightly tonic, owing to its bitter principle. It...
- Pilocarpus, Jaborandi
- Jaborandi, if applied to the conjunctiva, causes contraction of the pupil, with disturbances of vision. The effect is shown in about ten minutes, and in an hour or two after begins to pass off, disapp...
- Fam. Simarubaceoe. Quassia
- The wood Picrasma excelsa, a tree of Jamaica. The active principle, quassin, is an intensely bitter neutral substance. Quassia is one of the most active of simple bitters and stomachics. It cont...
- Fam. Rhamnaceoe. Cascara Sagrada. (Sacred Bark.)
- The bark of Rhamnus purshiana. Cascara in small doses is tonic and stomachic; in large dose, laxative or cathartic, with active and certain effect. It sometimes causes griping pain. Fluidextract...
- Fam. Burseraceoe. Myrrh A, Myrrh
- A gum resin which exudes from the stem of a species of balsam. Tincture of myrrh, like other oleo-resins, is mildly stimulant and disinfectant, and is useful in making mouth washes for the sick. It...
- Fam. Leguminosoe. Tragacantha, Tragacanth
- A gum resin which exudes from the stem of Astragalus gummifera; used to make a demulcent drink. 13 ...
- Scoparius (Broom-Tops)
- The fresh and dried tops of Cystisus Scoparius, of Europe and the United States. They contain two active principles, scoparine and sparteine. Scoparius is an excellent diuretic. Its alkaloid only offi...
- Sparteinae Sulphas. Sparteine Sulphate
- A liquid alkaloid obtained from scoparius. It is colorless, with bitter taste, and with sulphuric acid forms a crystalline salt, which is soluble in water. Physiological Actions Sparteine is sli...
- Copaiba
- The oleo-resin of a species of Brazilian tree. It is stimulating to mucous membranes, as those of the bronchi and alimentary canal. It is also a stimulant diuretic of somewhat irritating character. It...
- Glycyrrhiza, Licorice Root
- The root of Glycyrrhiza glabra, typica, or glanduli-fera. Licorice is demulcent. It contains grape-sugar, starch, resin, and a glucoside named glycyrrhizin. Pulvis Glycyrrhizae Compositus. Compo...
- Balsamum Peruvianum, Balsam Of Peru
- A balsam exuded from the trunk of Toluifera Pereiroe. It is a reddish-brown or nearly black liquid, thick and syrupy, and insoluble in water. It contains benzoic acid, a number of resinous principles,...
- Balsamum Tolutanum, Balsam Of Tolu
- Balsam of tolu is obtained from the trunk of Tolui-fera Balsamum. It is a reddish-yellow, soft, sticky substance of fragrant odor, soluble in alcohol. It yields benzoic and cinnamic acids, various res...
- Physostigma Calabar Bean
- The dried seeds of Physostigma venenosum, an African plant. They contain two alkaloids: cala-barine, the less important one; and physostigmine, or eserine, the active principle. Physiological Actio...
- Tamarindus, Tamarind
- The preserved pulp of the fruit of Tamarindus indica. Tamarinds are laxative, and are taken like preserves, or made into confections with senna. ...
- Senna
- The dried leaflets of two varieties of Cassia, from Africa and Arabia. The active principle is cathartic acid, and there are other unimportant principles. Senna is a simple cathartic, and acts as a...
- Fam. Rosaceoe. Amygdala Amara, Bitter Almond
- The ripe seeds of Prunns amygdalus, the bitter almond tree. The important principle of the bitter almond is a volatile oil, which contains from 4 to 8 % of hydrocyanic acid, and is highly poisonous. ...
- Rubus (Blackberry)
- The bark of the root of Rubus villosus and other varieties of rubus. An astringent, containing 10 % of tannin. Dose of the fluid extract, x.- i.; of the syrup, i.- i. ...
- Prunus Virginiana, Wild Cherry
- The bark obtained from Prunus serotina, or wild cherry tree, contains tannic acid, a bitter extractive, amygdalin, and emulsin, and these two latter principles, when brought into contact in watery sol...
- Fam. Myrtaceoe. Eucalyptus, Blue Gum Leaves
- The blue gum tree, Eucalyptus Globulus, is found in southern countries. From a hygienic point of view it is unusually interesting. It has an enormous capacity for absorbing water from the soil. One tr...
- Granatum, Pomegranate
- The bark of the pomegranate root contains four alkaloids, which are combined in the standard preparation, called pelletierine. The drug is an efficient taeniacide, or remedy for tapeworm. It is capabl...
- Pelletierinae Tannas. Pelletierine Tannate
- Average dose of pelletierine tannate, gr. iv.-0.25 Gm. ...
- Caryophyllus, Cloves
- The unopened flowers of Eugenia aromatica, a tree of the Molucca Islands. The spice made from them contains oleum caryophyllae, or oil of cloves, a pungent, volatile oil. It is aromatic and carminativ...
- Jambul. Not Official
- The drug obtained from the bark of Eugenia jam-bolana, an Bast Indian tree, is used in India as a stomachic astringent, and also as a specific in diabetes. Average dose of the fluid extract, ᠊...
- Fam. Cucurbitaceoe. Colocynthis, Colocynth
- The dried, peeled, and seeded fruit of Citrullus Colocynthis, or bitter cucumber, from Eastern countries. The active principle is colocynthin. Colocynth is a powerful hydragogue and drastic cathart...
- Elaterinum, Elaterin
- Elaterium is a sediment obtained from the juice of the fruit of Ecballium Elaterium. It contains a neutral active principle, elaterin, which is the official preparation, elaterium being of variable st...
- Pepo, Pumpkin Seed
- The seeds of Cucurbita Pepo, or ordinary pumpkin, are useful as a remedy for tapeworm, being considered more efficient than Felix mas, and quite harmless. The dose of the expressed oil is half an ounc...
- Fam. Umbelliferoe. Conium (Spotted Hemlock). Not official
- The fruit and flowers of Conium maculatum, belonging to Europe and naturalized in the United States. They have an odor resembling that of mice. The active principle is conine, a very volatile alkaloid...
- Asafoetida, Asafetida
- A gum resin obtained by incising the root of different species of Ferula, of Afghanistan. It contains a volatile oil, a resin, and gum. The oil is complex, but consists largely of the essential oil of...
- Fam. Caprifoliaceoe. Viburnum Prunifolium, Black Haw
- Viburnum acts upon the nerve centres of the uterus and ovaries as a sedative and tonic, and is given to correct pain and irritation arising from these sources. Viburnum opulus is useful in the same...
- Fam Rubiaceoe. Cinchona
- The trees belonging to the genus Cinchona are found native in South America, on mountains at a height of 5000 to 10,000 feet, and they are being successfully cultivated in other countries. The bark is...
- Quinina, Quinine
- Quinine is prepared from the powdered cinchona bark by various chemical processes, in the course of which an alkali and sulphuric acid are both used. Alkalies, and their carbonates, and tannic acid...
- Ipecacuanha, Ipecac
- The dried root of Cephaelis Ipecacuanha, of Brazil. Ipecac contains from 1/4 to 1 % of the active principle, emetine, and also a glucoside, starch, gum, etc. Physiological Actions Externally, po...
- Coffea Arabica (Coffee Plant)
- The seeds of the coffee plant, grown in Arabia, yield the alkaloid caffeine (which is also obtained from plants belonging to different families, viz., Paullinia sorbilis, guarana). The coffee seeds al...
- Caffeina. Caffeine. Theine
- Caffeine is distinguished by containing more nitrogen than almost any other vegetable principle. It is absorbed unchanged into the circulation, and is a stimulant to the brain and heart, producing wak...
- Fam. Ternstromiaceoe. Camellia Thea (Tea Plant). Not official
- The leaves of the tea plant, grown in China, contain theine, the active principle; tannic acid, and a volatile oil. Tea is stimulating and refreshing. Used to excess it weakens the digestive system...
- Fam Valerianaceoe. Valeriana, Valerian
- The dried rhizome and roots of Valeriana officinalis. The active principles are a volatile oil and valerianic acid. The latter is found in many other plants, in cod-liver oil, and may be derived from ...
- Fam. Compositoe. Santonica (Levant Wormseed)
- The dried flower-heads of Artemisia pauciflora, of Asia Minor. The active principle is santonin, and there is also a compound volatile oil resembling camphor in its action. Santonin is an anthelmin...
- Eupatorium (Thoroughwort). Not official
- The herbal parts of a coarse plant yield this drug, whose chief action is as a sudorific. The infusion is given very hot, in doses of one half or one tumbler full, the patient being warmly covered in ...
- Taraxacum, Dandelion
- The root of the dandelion is a simple bitter and mild laxative. Fluidextractum Taraxaci. Fluidextract Of Taraxacum Average dose, iiss.-10 mils. ...
- Arnica, Arnica Flowers
- The Arnica montana, or leopard's bane, grows in Northern Europe and Asia and in the Northwestern United States. The dried flower heads contain alkaloids, an essential oil, resins, and an ammonia compo...
- Grindelia
- The leaves and flowering tops of a California plant. It is a stimulant expectorant and a diuretic; in large doses depressant, causing nausea and vomiting, and lowering the rate of the heart, temperatu...
- Fam. Lobeliaceoe. Lobelia, Indian Tobacco
- The leaves and tops of Lobelia inflata, of the United States. Lobelia is a motor-depressant and anti-spasmodic. In small doses it stimulates the alimentary canal, and in full doses irritates it, ca...
- Fam. Styracaceoe. Benzoinum, Benzoin
- The thickened juice of Styrax Benzoin, an Eastern tree. It is soluble in alcohol; not readily soluble in water. Benzoin is a balsamic resin, containing from 12 to 15 % of benzoic acid. It is antisepti...
- Fam. Oleacece. Oleum Olivae, Olive Oil
- The oil expressed from the fruit of Olea europoea. Olive oil is composed of a fluid oil, olein; a solid oil, palmitin; with oleic and palmitic acids. Used externally by inunction, it is absorbed by...
- Fam. Loganiaceoe. Spigelia, Pink-Root
- Spigelia is an anthelmintic and purgative, and acts on the round worm. Fluidextractum Spigeliae. Fluidextract Of Spigelia Average dose, i-5 mils. ...
- Gelsemium, Yellow Jessamine
- The root of Gelsemium sempervirens, of the Southern United States. The alkaloid gelsemium and gelse-minic acid are the important constituents. Physiological Actions Gelsemium is a motor depressa...
- Nux Vomica
- The seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica, an East Indian tree. The active principle is the alkaloid, strychnine, an important poison. Two other important principles are brucine and igasuric acid. Brucine is ...
- Strychnine
- The convulsions begin with a restless, excited state; the special senses are sharpened. Muscular symptoms come on very rapidly, either beginning in the extremities or appearing simultaneously over the...
- Fam. Gentianaceoe. Gentiana, Gentian
- The root of Gentiana lutea, the yellow gentian of the Alps, furnishes an efficient simple bitter and stomachic tonic. Preparations Tinctura Gentians Composita. Compound Tincture Of Gentian St...
- Fam. Convolvulaceoe. Scammoniae Radix. Scammony Root
- The root of Convolvulus Scammonia yields an exudate from which is obtained a resin, having properties as a drastic purgative. The chief ingredient of the resin is called jalapin, and is probably the s...
- Jalapa, Jalap
- Obtained from the dried tuberous root of Exogo-nium Purga. The active principle is a double resin, or one separable into two, called jalapin and convolvulin, the latter being the more important. Jalap...
- Fam. Apocynaceoe. Strophanthus
- The seeds of Strophanthus hispidus or S. Kombe. The active principle is a glucoside named strophanthin. It exists in the seeds in a strength of 8 or 10 %. Physiological Actions Strophanthus ente...
- Fam. Solanaceoe. Belladonnas Folia; Belladonnae Radix. Deadly Nightshade
- The leaves and root of Atropa Belladonna, a perennial plant, native of Great Britain, and cultivated in this country. Belladonna contains two alkaloids: bel-iadonine, of no special importance; and atr...
- Atropina. Atropine
- Average dose, gr. 1/120-0.0005 Gm. Atropinae Sulphas. Atropine Sulphate Usually given hypodermically, being very soluble in water. Average dose, gr. 1/120-0.0005 Gm. ...
- Homatropinae Hydrobromidum. Homatropine Hydrobromide
- An alkaloid obtained by the condensation of atropine and mandelic acid, resembling atropine in action, but being less toxic and the symptoms passing off more quickly. It is used as a mydriatic and anh...
- Stramonium. Jamestown Weed
- The leaves and seeds of Datura stramonium, a weed of this country and Great Britain. The active principle is an alkaloid named daturine, which is said to be a combination of atropine and hyoscyamine. ...
- Hyoscyamus, Henbane
- The leaves of the second year's growth of Hyoscyamus niger, a coarse plant native in Great Britain and naturalized in the United States. The active principles are two in number - hyoscyamine, a crysta...
- Capsicum, Cayenne Pepper
- The fruit of Capsicum frutescens, the African pepper. The active principle is a very acrid oleoresin which is powerfully irritant, being capable of destroying the skin if applied to it. Capsicum is a ...
- Fam. Scrophulariaceoe. Digitalis, Foxglove
- The well dried leaves of Digitalis purpurea, native of Great Britain, and cultivated in this country. The active principle, digitalin, is one of several important and complex principles of difficul...
- Fam. Labiatoe. Oleum Lavandulae, Oil Of Lavender, Oil Of Lavender Flowers
- An oil obtained from the flowers of Lavandula officinalis. Tinctura Lavandulae Composita. Compound Tincture Of Lavender May be pleasantly used, in small quantity, added to water for bathing. ...
- Oleum Mentha Piperitae, Oil Of Peppermint
- The oil of the fresh flowering peppermint. Aqua Menthae Piperitae. Peppermint Water Used as a carminative. Average dose, iv.-15 mils in water. ...
- Menthol. (Peppermint Camphor.)
- A secondary alcohol obtained from peppermint oil or other mint oils. Used as a local anaesthetic in headache, in the form of a pencil. It is also given internally as a carminative. Average dose, gr...
- Thymol
- A phenol occurring in the volatile oils of Thymus vulgaris and other herbs. It is an antiseptic and germicide resembling carbolic acid and oil of turpentine in action. Average dose, antiseptic, gr....
- Fam. Polygonaceoe. Rheum, Rhubarb
- The root of Rheum officinale, from China. Rhubarb contains cathartic acid, a peculiar tannic acid, a yellow coloring matter, etc. Rhubarb acts entirely on the alimentary canal. In small doses it...
- Fam. Lauraceoe. Camphora, Camphor
- Obtained from the wood of Cinnamomum Camphora, of China and other Eastern countries. Camphor is one of the most widely diffused of all vegetable substances. It is found in pennyroyal, hemp-tops, an...
- Cinnamomum (Cinnamon)
- The bark of different varieties of the genus Cinnamon. It contains tannic acid and a yellowish volatile oil, oleum cinnamomi. This has a fragrant and pleasant taste, and is used to mitigate that of di...
- Fam. Aristolochiaceoe. Serpentaria, Texas Or Virginia Snakeroot
- The dried rhizome and rootlets of two or three varieties of Aristolochioe, found in North America. The taste and odor resemble camphor. It contains a resin, a volatile oil, bitter principle, etc., and...
- Coto Bark. Not Official
- The bark of trees found in South America, somewhat similar to the Cinchona, having an aromatic resinous odor and pungent taste. It contains a bitter principle, cotoin, and has astringent action. It is...
- Fam. Euphorbiaceoe. Oleum Tiglii, Croton Oil
- A fixed oil, obtained from the seeds of Croton Tiglium, a shrub of Asia. The oil is quite thick and becomes more so with age; deteriorates rapidly in quality and should not be kept long, but, if possi...
- Oleum Ricini, Castor Oil
- The oil expressed from the seeds of Ricinus communis, of Calcutta. Castor oil contains several fatty acids, of which ricinoleic acid is peculiar to itself. Physiological Actions Externally casto...
- Fam. Salicaceoe. Salicinum, Salicin
- A glucoside, obtained from the bark of various species of Salix or willow tree, and from Gaultheria procumbens or wintergreen. Salicin is a bitter tonic, and to some extent an antipyretic and antis...
- Oleum Gaultheriae, Oil Of Gaultheria. Oil Of Wintergreen
- A volatile liquid of penetrating odor, found in nature in the wintergreen, Gaultheria procumbens, called the teaberry, and in the sweetbirch, Betula lenta. It is composed chiefly of methyl salicylate,...
- Fam. Zingiberaceoe. Zingiber, Ginger
- The dried root-stock of Zingiber officinale of the East and West Indies. The active principles are an aromatic resin and a volatile oil. Ginger is a stimulant and carminative, and is given for colic o...
- Cardamomi Semen. Cardamom Seed
- The dried seeds of Elettaria Cardamomum contain a fixed and also a volatile aromatic oil. Cardamom is a pleasant stomachic, less heating and stimulating than others of its class. The tincture is...
- Cannabis
- Various forms of hemp are sold and used in the East as narcotic stimulants. The dried plant is sold in Calcutta for smoking, and is called Gunjah. Churrus is the resinous exudation with scrapings of t...
- Fam. Moraceoe. Humulus, Hops
- The dried strobiles1 of Humulus Lupulus, or hop vine, cultivated in England. They contain an aromatic volatile oil, resins, an acid, and an alkaloid called lupuline. The former gives a stimulant ac...
- Lupulinum. Not Official. Lupulin
- Average dose, gr. vi.-0.01 Gm. Fluidextractum Lupulini. Not Official. Fluidextract Of Lupulin Average dose, viii-0.5 mil. ...
- Nat. Ord. Coniferoe. Pix Liquida, Tar, Pine Tar
- Tar is a product obtained by the destructive distillation of the wood of several varieties of pine. It contains pyroligneous acid, methylic alcohol, acetic acid, creosote, and several hydrocarbons, on...
- Oleum Terebinthinae, Oil Of Turpentine
- The oil distilled from turpentine, which is obtained from several varieties of pines, chiefly those growing in the South. Called also Spirits of Turpentine. Turpentine, as such, is not used in me...
- Oleum Terebinthinae Rectificatum. Rectified Oil Of Turpentine
- Average dose, v.-0.3 mil. It may be given on a lump of sugar. Turpentine liniment is made of oil of turpentine and rosin cerate. Sanitas. Not official. A disinfectant fluid, put up for ...
- Oleum Juniperi, Oil Of Juniper
- A volatile oil from the ripe fruit of Juniperus communis. Juniper resembles turpentine in many of its actions, but it is less powerful and also less disagreeable. It is a stomachic stimulant and di...
- Other Vegetable Oils
- The U. S. P. gives a long list of volatile and aromatic or fixed oils of vegetable origin; among them are: Oil of Anise, Oleum Anisi; Oil of Orange, Oleum Aur-antii; Oil of Caraway, Oleum Cari; Oil of...
- Fam. Liliaceoe. Scilla, Squill
- Part of the bulb of Urginea maritima, a plant or Southern Europe. Squill increases the strength and reduces the frequency of the heart action; contracts the arterial system and raises blood pressur...
- Sarsaparilla, Sarsaparilla
- The varieties of sarsaparilla used in medicine are obtained from the dried root of Smilax officinalis and other varieties of smilax. The drug contains three glucosides: parillin, saponin, and sarsapon...
- Aloe. Aloes
- The thickened juice of the leaves of different aloes from an island in the Indian Ocean, and Arabia. It has a very nauseous and bitter taste, and contains an active principle, aloin, which has cathart...
- Fam. Liliaceoe. Convallaria (Lily of the Valley). Not official
- The rhizome and roots of the Convallaria majalis, the lily of the valley. It contains two glucosides: one, convallarin, is crystalline, and has special qualities as a gastro-intestinal irritant; and t...
- Fam. Phytolaccaceoe. Phytolacca (Poke). Not official
- The root of Phytolacca decandra. Phytolacca is depressing to the heart and respirations, and is to some extent narcotic. It is an alterative, and promotes absorption of fatty tissue. Anti-fat remedi...
- Fam. Liliaceoe. Veratrum Viride, American Hellebore
- The dried rhizome and roots of Veratrum viride, a plant belonging to the Northern States of the United States. Physiological Actions Veratrum viride is a powerful cardiac depressant. When taken ...
- Veratrina, Veratrine
- A compound of alkaloids contained in the seed of Asagroea officinalis, a plant of the veratrum group. It is exceedingly poisonous, and is little used internally. Poisonous doses cause convulsions a...
- Colchici Semen, Colchicum Seed. Colchici Cormus, Colchicum Corm
- The dried ripe seeds and corm1 of Colchicum autum-nale, found in Europe. The active principle is called colchicine. Physiological Actions Colchicum is a sedative to the central nervous system; a...
- Fam. Gramineoe. Ergota, Ergot
- Ergot is a parasite which develops in rye, taking the place of the grain, and having the appearance of a blackish fungus. It is a complex substance, containing various alkaloids and acids; a fixed oil...
- Fam. Compositoe Pyrethrum, Pyrethrum, Pellitory Root
- Is the root of a perennial plant growing in northern Africa. It contains a volatile oil, resin, and pyrethrin, and is similar in nature to black pepper. It is a local irritant. It is a specific for be...
- Fam. Filices. Aspidium, Male Fern
- The root-stock of Dryopteris filix mas, a European fern. The medicinal principle of fern is an oleoresin of a bitter, nauseous taste. It is an anthelmintic, specially destructive to the tape-worm. ...
- Fam. Lycopodiaceoe. Lycopodium
- The dust, or sporules, which fills the spikes of a European moss. Collected in Switzerland and Germany, and used as a dusting powder for infants especially; also for bed-sores, etc., either alone or m...
- The Animal Kingdom. Adeps Lanae Hydrosus, Hydrous Wool Fat, Lanolin
- A combination of fats obtained from sheep's wool. It does not become rancid, nor form soaps, and is rapidly absorbed by the skin. It is used as a simple emollient, and as a means of introducing med...
- Saccharum Lactis, Sugar Of Milk, Lactose
- A crystallized sugar obtained by evaporation from the whey of milk, and specially suitable for use in preparing baby foods. I Gm. dissolves in 2.6 mils of boiling water. It readily absorbs odors. ...
- Pepsinum, Pepsin
- Pepsin is one of the normal constituents of the gastric juice, and, with the aid of hydrochloric acid, changes albumins into peptones, in which form they are readily diffusible and capable of being ab...
- Pancreatinum. Pancreatin
- A preparation made from the pancreas of the pig. Pancreatic extract digests starchy and proteid substances, and pancreatin, while not given alone as a medicine, is very largely used in preparing artif...
- Adeps, Lard
- Lard consists of a fluid oil, olein, with stearin and palmitin, which are solid oils. It is used as the basis of various official ointments. Benzoinated Lard. Ten Gm. of benzoin in 1000 Gm. of l...
- Cetaceum. Spermaceti
- A fatty substance obtained from the head of the sperm whale, and resembling white wax. It is used as an emollient. ...
- Oleum Morrhuae. Cod-Liver Oil
- The oil obtained from the liver of Gadus morrhua, and other species of codfish. An exceedingly complex substance, containing glycerin, acetic acid, and several fatty acids, iodine, chlorine, and trace...
- Cantharis, Cantharides, Spanish Flies
- The dried and powdered bodies of the Cantharis vesicatoria, a beetle of Southern Europe. The powder is grayish-brown and specked with minute greenish spangles from the wing-cases of heads. It has a st...
- Thyroideum Siccum. Dried Thyroids
- The thyroid glands of animals used for food by man, dried and powdered, producing a yellowish powder, with a slight, peculiar odor, and soluble, partially, in water. Average dose, gr. iss.-0.1 Gm. ...
- Suprarenalum Siccum. (See p. 286.) Dried Suprarenals
- The suprarenal glands of animals used as food, dried and powdered, producing a yellowish-brown powder, partially soluble in water. Average dose, gr. iv.-0.25 Gm. ...
- Hypophysis Sicca. Desiccated Pituitary Body
- Manufactured from a small gland at the base of the brain of the ox. The corresponding gland in man secretes a substance which contracts the blood-vessels and acts as a stimulant to the uterine musc...
- Ovarian Extract. Not Official
- Prepared from the ovaries of pigs. Used to relieve the symptoms of the menopause when induced artificially: e. g., by extirpation of the ovaries. ...
- Serum Antidiphthericum. Antidiphtheric Serum. Diphtheria Antitoxin
- A fluid separated from the coagulated blood of a horse, immunized by inoculation with diphtheria toxin. It is a yellowish-brown powder, odorless, and slightly transparent. It loses strength, and the d...
- Lactic Acid Bacilli. Bacillus Bulgaricus. Not Official
- Cultures of these bacilli in solid or liquid form are given to lessen intestinal fermentation and to relieve various conditions resulting from it. A number of preparations of milk containing bacill...
- Poisons And Their Treatment
- Poisons may be conveniently classified in three groups: 1. Corrosives, or those which act rapidly at the point of contact with the tissues, causing erosion. Such are: Acids, alkalies, corrosive ...
- Emetics
- The use of drugs to produce emesis is not so prevalent as it was years ago, and if it becomes necessary to cause vomiting, the simpler means (such as drinking large draughts of tepid water and putting...
- Hypodermic Administration Of Drugs
- This method of giving drugs is growing steadily in favor. The best location for the injection of a drug is in the extensor surfaces of the extremities, and in the back, chest, or abdomen, avoiding the...
- Serum Therapy
- The revival of an ancient principle of treatment practised by Mithridates in his empire is of recent occurrence. We read that Mithridates believed it possible to render himself proof against all form...
- Classifications Of Antitoxins, Serums, Vaccines, And Extracts
- A. Vaccines. 1. Cultivations. a. Containing pathogenic micro-organisms; such as anthrax, one form of cancer vaccine, cholera vaccine, Coley's fluid, Haffkine's plague vaccine, tuberculin and T. ...
- Rabies Antitoxin, For Hydrophobia
- Pasteur founded the system of treating rabies by the injection of an emulsion of the spinal cord, believed to contain the poison, no bacilli being yet found. The rabies poison having a special affinit...
- Electro-Therapeutics And Radiology
- The use of electricity as a therapeutic agent in dis-ease requires special training and study and should not be attempted by an unskilled person. It is desirable, however, that nurses should be cogniz...
- Galvanism
- This form of current is commonly applied by means of two moistened electrodes attached to the storage cells of a battery. This current is continuous and its application is therefore usually painless, ...
- Faradism
- In this case the electric current is passed through an induction coil and an interrupter which makes and breaks the current. Its application is therefore somewhat more painful than that of galvanism...
- Static And High-Frequency Currents
- These are both produced by complicated apparatus and are forms of high-potential electricity which can be safely administered only by an expert. A nurse's duty will consist in preparing a patient for ...
- The X-Rays
- In 1895 Professor Roentgen discovered the existence of X-rays during the course of an experiment with cathode rays which had previously been discovered by Crookes, an English observer, in 1849. The X-...
- Mineral Waters
- Aix-les-Bains (Savoy) contains sulphur and a curious organic matter called Baregine, which renders it easy of digestion, oily, and suitable for massage. It is anti-rheumatic in action. The resort is o...
- Unclassified Drugs (Alphabetically Arranged)
- Acetal is a derivative of alcohol, employed as a sedative and hypnotic. It is usually given as an emulsion. Average dose, 1.-4 mils. Acetone (official) is prepared by the dry distillation ...
- Unclassified Drugs
- 30I quantities may cause death, preceded by anaesthesia and convulsions. Average dose, gr. iss.-I Gm. Bromidia is said to contain potassium bromide and chloral-hydrate, of each 30 parts; extract...
- Unclassified Drugs. Part 2
- Hoemogallol is obtained by oxidizing the haemoglobin of the blood by the action of pyrogallol (a derivative of gallic acid). It is a reddish brown powder, easily assimilated. It is insoluble in water,...
- Unclassified Drugs. Part 3
- Action: Antiseptic. Improves condition of blood and stimulates all activity. Chief use in pneumonia when patient becomes cyanotic due to imperfect oxygenation of the blood. Pellotine, an alkaloi...
- A Selection from the Catalogue of C. P. Putnam's Sons
- Complete Catalogue sent on application Physics and Chemistry for Nurses By Amy Elizabeth Pope Formerly Instructor in the School of Nursing, Presbyterian Hospital; Instructor in the School of ...
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