Earthenware drains outside of the house should be laid with a fall of not less than 1 foot in 60 feet. If the line is a long one sealed T's or cleanouts should be left, to permit the removal of obstructions without breaking the pipe. Earthenware pipe should be laid true to line and grade and be well bedded to prevent settling. Pockets should be cut out in the trench for the hubs so that the pipe shall bear along its entire length and not rest on the hubs only. Pipes should be centered and the joints made full with Rosendale or Portland cement mortar, each joint to be swabbed out to remove cement from the inside of the pipe. In a wet trench during: construction keep trench water down by outside draining or pumping and avoid draining through the pipe laid, as mud will deposit in the pipe and cannot be easily removed.

Seal the open end of the drain when the work is left standing during construction.

See that stones are not thrown against the pipe or come within 18 inches of it in backfilling the trench. If the trench is through rock, cut deep enough to allow 4 inches below the hubs and fill in with a bed of earth or sand for the pipe to lie on. If the outside house drain is a long one, place one or more ventilation pipes on the line, opening 18 inches or more above the ground and well removed from the house or points where the escape of foul air from the drain would be objectionable.

If the trench is through soft ground or quicksand, prepare a bed of broken stones or tarred planks to prevent settlement of the pipes and pack well under the pipes in backfilling.