A Manual of Materia Medica and Pharmacology | by David M. R. Culbreth

Abies Abies

Ab'ies Abies (excel'sa), Pix Burgundica, Burgundy Pitch. --The prepared resinous exudation, U.S.P. 1820-1890; S. Europe (Burgundy province, France). Lofty tree, 24-45 M. (80-150 degrees) high; leaves...

Abies Balsamea

A. Balsam'ea, Terebinthina Canadensis, Canada Turpentine. -- The liquid oleoresin (balsam of fir), U.S.P. 1820-1900; Canada, United States, chiefly Laurentine Mountains, Quebec. Beautiful ornamental...

Abies Picea

A. Picea, (pectina'ta), Strassburg Turpentine (Terebinthina Argentoratensis). -- Vosges. Obtained like Canada balsam, chiefly differing in odor (lemon); taste bitter, not acrid; completely soluble i...

Acacia Catechu

Acacia Catechu, Catechu; Catechu Nigrum (Br.) -- An extract prepared from the heart-wood, U.S.P. 1820-1890; India, Hindustan. Plant crooked, shrubby tree, 4.5-12 M. (15-40 degrees) high, 15-45 Cm. (6...

Acacia. Acacia, U.S.P.

Acacia Senegal, Willdenow, or some other species. The dried, gummy exudation from the stems and branches, yielding not more than 1 p.c. of water-insoluble residue, nor 15 p.c. of moisture. Habitat....

Achillea

Achille'a Millefo'lium, Yarrow, Milfoil. -- The leaves and flowering tops, U.S.P. 1860-1870; N. America. Perennial herb, .3-.6 M. (1-2 degrees) high, hairy; leaves lanceolate, glandular beneath, 5-25...

Aconitum. Aconite, U.S.P.

Aconitum Napellus, Linne. The dried tuberous root with not more than 5 p.c. of stems, nor 2 p.c. of other foreign organic matter. Habitat. Europe, Asia, N. America, Himalaya, Alps, Pyrenees Mount...

Aconitina, Aconitine, C H O N, U.S.P.

(Syn., Aconitin, Napaconitine, Aconitia; Fr. Aconitine; Ger. Aconitin.)  Exists in combination with aconitic acid, and is obtained by exhausting root with cold rectified fusel oil, shaking resulting t...

Acorus Calamus

Ac'orus Cal'amus, Calamus Root, Sweet Flag. -- Araceae. The unpeeled, dried rhizome, U.S.P. 1820-1900; N. America, Europe, Asia, swamps. Perennial herb; leaves, like those of Iris versicolor, 1-1.3 ...

Adonis

Ado'nis verna'lis, Adonis, Pheasant's Eye, False Hellebore, N.F. -- The dried overground portion with not more than 5 p.c. of foreign organic matter; N. Europe, Asia, cultivated for ornament. Plant 1...

Aegle

Ae'gle Mar'melos, Beloe Fructus, Bael Fruit (Br.), Bengal Quince. -- The gresh half-ripe fruit; Malabar, Coromandel, cultivated in India. Fruit round, size of a large orange, cherry-red color, aromat...

Aethusa

Aethu'sa Cyna'pium, Fool's Parsley, Small Hemlock. -- Leaves non-poisonous, and sometimes carelessly mixed with those of conium -- the plants, however, being distinguished easily as Aethusa Cynapium h...

Agar. Agar, U.S.P.

Gelidium corneum (Hudson) lamouroux, and other species, also closely related agae. The dried extracted mucilaginous substance, with not more than 1 p.c. foreign organic matter, yielding not than 1 p....

Agarcius

Polyp'orus (Bole'tus) officina'lis, Agaricus; Agaric, White (Larch) Agaric, N.F. -- Polyporaceae. The dried fruit body, deprived of outer rind, with 5 p.c. foreign organic matter, yielding to boiling...

Agropyron

Agropy'ron re'pens, Triticum, Couch Grass, Dog Grass, N.F. -- The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 2 p.x. of foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 3 p.c. of acid-insoluble ash; Euro...

Aletris Farinosa

Al'etris farino'sa, Aletris, Star Grass, Unicorn Root, N.F. -- The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 5 p.c. of foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 10p.c. of acid-insoluble ash; Uni...

Allium Sativum

Al'lium sati'vum, Allium, Garlic, N.F. -- The fresh bulb; C. Asia, S. Europe. Bulbous plant .6 M. (2 degrees) high; leaves long, flat, grass-like; flowers small, white umbels. Bulb, subglobular, 4-6...

Aloe. Aloe, U.S.P.

Aloe Perryi, Baker, vera, (Linne'), ferox, Miller. The inspissated juice of the leaves, yielding not more than 4 p.c. ash, 10 p.c. moisture, and 50 p.c. water-soluble extractive. Habitat. 1. E....

Alpinia

Alpin'ia officina'rum, Galanga, Galangel, N.F.: The dried rhizome with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 3 p.c. of acid-insoluble ash. China cultivated. Perennia...

Althaea. Althea, U.S.P.

Althaea officinalis, Linne'. The dried root deprived of the brown, corky layer and small roots. Habitat. Europe, Western and Northern Asia; naturalized in salt marshes, New England, New York, Aus...

Amanita

Agar'icus musca'rius (Amani't musca'ria), Fly Fungus (Agaric). -- N. Europe, Russia. This mushroom grows in the autumn mainly, under pine trees. Stalk is white, tuberous at base, 7.5 - 1.5 Cm (3 - 6...

Amber

Pini'tes succin'ifer (Pi'cea succinif'era), Succinum (Amber). -- Fossil resin, U.S.P. 1820 - 1850; Baltic Sea, Prussia, coal mines. There are 50 Pinaceae species that yield this resin. Such trees ha...

Amygdalus Communis Var. Amara. Amygdala Amara. Bitter Almond

Oleum Amygdalae Amarae. Oil of Bitter Almond, U.S.P. Amygdalus communis (var. Amara.), Linne', or other kernels containing amygdalin. A volatile oil from the dried ripe kernels deprived of fixed ...

Oleum Amygdalae Expressum. Expressed Oil Of Almond, U.S.P. Amygdalus Communis Var. Dulcis. Amygdala Dulcis. Sweet Almond

Amygdalus communis (var. dulcis), Linne'. A fixed oil obtained from the kernels of several varieties. Habitat: W. Asia, Persia, Syria, Barbary, Morocco; naturalized in Mediterranean Basin; cultiva...

Anacyclus Pyrethrum

Annacy'clus Pyre'thrum, Pyrethrum, Pellitory (Root): -- The dried root, U.S.P. 1820 - 1910; N. Africa, Algeria - high lands, cultivated in gardens. Procumbent perennial, resembling chamomile, .3 M. (...

Anamirta

Anamir'ta Coc'culus, Cocculus (Indicus), Fish (Indian) Berry, N.F.: -- The dried ripe fruit with 2 p.c. foreign organic matter; E. India, Ceylon. Large woody climber; leaves 10 - 20 Cm. (4 - 8') long...

Andropogon

Andropo'gon squarro'sa (murica'tus), Vetiveria (Vetivert). -- E. India. The fibrous wiry roots from the rhizome; yellowish-brown, waxy, 15 - 20 Cm. (6 - 8 ') long, 1 Mm. (1/25') thick, tough, aromati...

Anethum

Ane'thum (peuced'anum) grave'olens, Anethi Fructus, Dill Fruit (Br.). -- S. Europe, Asia. Herb .6 M. (2 degrees) high; leaves finely divided, glaucous; flowers yellow; fruit oblong, 4 Mm. (1/6') long...

Angelica

Angel'ica Archangel'ica, European Angelica; 1. Angelica Radix, Angelica Root, N.F. -- The dried rhizome and roots of this and other species with not more than 5 p.c. of stem-bases or other foreign or...

Oleum Anisi. Oil Of Anise, U.S.P.

AnisumANISUM, ANISE, N.F. Pimpinella Anisum, Linne', or Illicium verum, Hooker filius. The volatile oil distilled from the dried ripe fruits. Habitat. W. Asia, Egypt, S. E. Europe; cultivate...

Anthemis

An'themis no'bilis, Roman Chamomile. -- The dried flower-heads of cultivated plants, U.S.P. 1820-1900; S. And W. Europe. Perennial herb, 15-30 Cm. (6-12') high, hairy; leaves bipinnatisect, hairy. Fl...

Apium

Ap'ium grave'olens, Apii Fructus, Celery Fruit (Seed), N.F. The dried ripe fruit with not more than 5 p.c. of unsound or foreign fruits or other foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 3 p.c. ...

Apocynum

Apo'cynum cannab'inum, Apocynum, Canadian Hemp, Dogbane, N.F. -- The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 5 p.c. of stems or other foreign organic matter; United States, Canada to Florida. Pere...

Aralia Nudicaulis

A. Nudicau'lis, Wild, Virginian, False Sarsaparilla. -- The root (rhizome), U.S.P. 1820-1870; N. America. Small shrub, stem scarcely above ground, leaf single, petiole .3 M. (1 degree) high; leaflets...

Aralia Racemosa

Ara'lia racemo'sa, Aralia, American Spikenard, Spignet, N.F. -- Araliaceae. The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 5 p.c. of stem-bases or other foreign organic matter; United States, Georgia...

Aralia Spinosa

Ara'lia spino'sa, Hercules' Club, Prickly Elder. -- The bark, U.S.P. 1820-1870; East and west N. America. Prickly tree, 3-9 M. (10-30 degrees) high, leaflets crowded at summit; flowers white; bark in...

Arctium

Arc'tium Lap'pa, Lappa, Burdock Root, Clotbur, N.F. -- The dried first year root with not more than 5 p.c. of leaf-bases nor 2 p.c. of other foreign organic matter; Europe, N. Asia, naturalized in N. ...

Arctostaphylos. Uva Ursi. Uva Ursi, U.S.P.

Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi, (Linne') Sprengel. The dried leaf with not more than 5 p.c. stems or other foreign organic matter. Habitat. Europe, Asia, N. America, United States, south of New Jersey, ...

Argemone

Argemo'ne mexica'na, Prickly Poppy. -- Capsules and leaves contain berberine, protopine (macleyine, fumarine), but no morphine; seed have a bland light yellow fixed oil 36 p.c.; substitute for castor...

Arisaema

Arisae'ma (A'rum) triphyl'lum, Indian Turnip. -- The cormus, U.S.P. 1820-1860; N. America. Plant acaulescent, leaves 2, 3-divided, 5-17.5 Cm. (2-7') long, 2.5-7.5 Cm. (1-3') wide. Corm 2.5-5 Cm. (1-...

Aristolochia Serpentaria. Serpentaria. Serpentaria, U.S.P.

Aristolochia Serpentaria, (Linne'), reticulata,Nutall. The dried rhizome and roots, with not more than 10 p.c. over-ground stems nor 2 p.c. other organic matter, yielding not more than 10 p.c. acid-i...

Armoracia Rusticana

Rori'pa (Cochlea'ria) Armora'cia, Armoraciae Radix, Horseradish Root. (Br. -- U.S.P. 1820-1850). -- The fresh root collected from cultivated plants; E. Europe, naturalized elsewhere. Plant .6-1 M. (2...

Arnica

Ar'nica monta'na, Arnica (Flowers), Leopards-bane, N.F. -- The dried flower-head with not more than 3 p.c. of foreign organic matter; Europe -- Germany, N. Asia, N. America. Perennial herb .3M (1 deg...

Arrowroot

Maran'ta arundina'cea, Arrow-root. -- The fecula of the rhizome, U.S.P. 1820-1870' W. Indies, Bermudas, Brazil. Plant slender, 1-2 M. (3-6 degrees) high, leaves 7.5-12.5 Cm. (3-5' ) long, lanceolate,...

Artemisia Abronatum

A. Abrot'anum, Southern-wood, Old Man. -- Asia, Europe; hairy, segments of the pinnatifid leaves capillaceous, lemon odor. A. Vulga'ris, Mugwort, Africa, Europe, spontaneous in United States; stem pu...

Artimisia Absinthium

Artemisia Absin'thium, Absinthium, Wormwood. -- The dried leaves and flowering tops with not more than 5 p.c. of foreign matter, U.S.P. 1830-1890; Europe, N. Asia, N. Africa. Perennial herb; stem .6-...

Artemisia Pauciflora. Santonica. Santoninum. Santonin, Cho, U.S.P.

Artemisia pauciflora, (Ledebour) Weber.  (The inner anhydride (lactone) of santoninic acid, obtained from the dried unexpanded flower-heads (santonica). Habitat.  N. Turkestan, Russia, on the vast ...

Asagraea (Cebadilla)

Asagrae'a officina'lis, Sabadilla, Cevadilla; Veratrina, Veratrine, Veratria, N.F. -- A misture of alkaloids obtained from the seed; Mexico. Bulvous perennial herb; bulb ovoid covered with black scal...

Asarum

As'arum canaden'se, Asarum, Canada Snake-root, Wild Ginger, N.F. The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 5 p.c. of foreign organic matter, North America. Small plant with dividing stem; leave...

Asclepias Curassavica

Ascle'pias curassav'ica, Bastard Ipecac. -- C. And S. America; has short rootstock abruptly divided into many yellowish rootlets. ...

Asclepias Incarnata

Ascle'pias incarna'ta, Swamp Milkweed. -- The root (rhizome), U.S.P. 1820-1830, 1840-1850, 1870; Canada, United States. Perennial herb, smooth or pubescent, .6-1 M. (2-3 degrees) high, with 2 downy l...

Asclepias Syriaca

Ascle'pias syri'aca, Common Milkweed, Silkweed. -- The root (rhizome), U.S.P. 1820-1850, 1870; United States. Herb 1-1.5 M. (3-5 degrees) high, stout, pubescent, finely soft; leaves oblong, 10-20 Cm....

Asclepias Tuberosa

Ascle'pias tubero'sa, Asclepias, Pleurisy Root, N.F. -- Asclepiadaceae. The dried root with not more than 5 p.c. of foreign organic matter; United States, Canada. Perennial plant with numerous stems...

Aspidium. Aspidium. U.S.P.

Dryopteris Filix-mas, (Linne) Schott. The rhizome and stipes, yielding not less than 6.5 p.c. oleoresin, nor more than 3 p.c. acid-insoluble ash. Habitat. N. America, N. Asia, Europe, N. Africa. ...

Aspidosperma

Aspidosper'ma Quebra'cho-blan'co, Aspidosperma, Quebracho Bark. -- The dried bark with not more than 2 p.c. of wood or other foreign matter, U.S.P. 1890-1910; S. America, Argentine Republic, Chile. ...

Astragalus Gummifer. Tragacantha. Tragacanth, U.S.P.

Astragalus gummifer, Labrillardie're, or other Asiatic species. The dried gummy exudation. Habitat. W. Asia -- Asia Minor, Armenia, Kurdistan, Persia, Syria, Greece; mountainous districts. Syn...

Avena Sativa

Ave'na sati'va, Oat, N.F. -- The grain with not more than 5 p.c. of other seeds or of foreign organic matter; Asia, Europe. Plant .6-1.3 M. (2-4 degrees) high, culm smooth, leaves linear, veined, rou...

Baptisia

Baptis'ia tincto'ria, Baptisia, Wild (False) Indigo, N.F. -- The dried root with not more than 10 p.c. of stem-bases and overground parts nor 2 p.c. of other foreign organic matter; N. America. Plan...

Barosma. Buchu, Buchu, U.S.P.

Barosma betulina, (Thunberg) Bartling et Wendland crenulata, (Linne') Hooker serratifolia, (Curtis) Willdenow. The dried leaf with not more than 8 p.c. stems nor 2 p.c. other foreign organic matter. ...

Berberis (Mahonia)

Ber'beris Aquifo'lium, Berberis, Oregon Grape Fruit, N.F. -- The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 5 p.c. of overground parts or other foreign organic matter -- rejecting pieces over 45 Mm. (...

Berberis

Berberis vulgaris B. vulga'ris (canaden'sis). -- The fruit, U.S.P. 1830; the bark of the root, 1860-1870. Spreading shrub, 1-2 M. (3-6 degrees) high, thorny branches, bark gray, wood yellow, leave...

Betula Alba

Bet'ula al'ba, White Birch. -- Betulaceae; Olcum Betulae Empyreumaticum, Rectificatum, Rectified Oil of Birch Tar, N.F. The pyroligneous oil obtained by dry distillation of the bark and wood, rectifi...

Boldus

Bol'du Bol'dus, Boldus, Boldo, Boldo Leaves, N.F. -- Monimiaceae. The dried leaf with not more than 2 p.c. of stems or other foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 6 p.c. of acid-insoluble as...

Boletus

P. (Bole'tus) fomenta'rius, Agaric of the Oak (Touch Wood). -- The fungus, U.S.P. 1830; Europe, on Quercus and Fagus species. It is formed by an additional layer of fibers each year; is collected Aug...

Boswellia

Boswel'lia Carte'rii, Olibanum, Frankincense. -- E. Africa, S. Arabia. This gum-resin exudes from incisions made in the bark; occurs in yellowish-brown tears covered with white dust; odor balsamic, t...

Brassica (Sinapis) Nigra. Sinapis Nigra. Black Mustard, U.S.P.

Brassica nigra, (Linne') Koch, juncea, (Linne') Cosson and related varieties. The dried ripe seed, with not more than 5 p.c. other seeds or other foreign organic matter, yielding not less than .6 p.c...

Brunfelsia

Brunfel'sia Hopea'na, Manaca, Mercurio Vegetal, N.F. -- The dried root; S. America, Amazon valley. A large shrub. Root nearly cylindrical, tortuous, variable length, 3 Cm. (1 1/5') thick, dark brown...

Bryonia

Bryo'nia al'ba or B. Dioi'ca, Bryonia, Bryony, N.F. -- The dried root with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter; C. and S. Europe. Perennial climbers, the former monoecious, the latter dioe...

Calendula

Calen'dula officina'lis, Calendula, Marigold, N.F. -- The dried ligulate-florets with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter; S. Europe, Levant, cultivated as ornament (flowers). Annual herb ...

Camphora. Camphor, U.S.P.

Cinnamomum Camphora, (Linne) Nees et Ebermaier. The dextrorotatory ketone (concrete violatile oil.) Habitat. China, Japan, Formosa. Tree cultivated in Italy as an ornament, and may yield profit...

Canarium

Cana'rium commu'ne, Manila Elemi, Elemi. -- Philippine Islands. The oleoresin exudes from incisions in the bark of a tall tree; it is soft, yellowish, granular crystalline, when cold friable; odor st...

Canella

Canel'la Wintera'na (al'ba), Canella, Canellae Cortex, White Cinnamon, N.F. -- Canellaceae. The dried rossed bark with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter; W. Indies. Tree 9-15 M. (30-50 ...

Cannabis. Cannabis, U.S.P.

Cannabis sativa, Linne. The dried flowering tops of pistillate plants with not more than10 p.c. fruits, large foliage leaves, stems over 3 Mm (1/8') thick, nor 2 p.c. other foreign organic matter, ...

Capsicum Annuum

Capsicum an'nuum (lon'gum). -- Fruit, U.S.P. 1820-1860;Fruit, 5-10 Cm. (2-4') long, 2.5-4 Cm. (1-1 3/5') thick, oblong, conical, sometimes curved or subglobular, yellow or red, brown when dry. Known...

Capsicum Frutescens. Capsicum. Capsicum, U.S.P.

Capsicum frutescens, Linne' The dried ripe fruit, grown in Africa, with not more than 3 p.c. stems, calyxes, nor 1 p.c. other foreign organic matter, yielding not less than 12 p.c. non-volatile, et...

Carica

Car'ica Papa'ya, Pawpaw, Melon Tree; Papayotin, Papain, Caricin. -- An albuminous ferment from the fruit; Tropical America. Tree 6 M. (20 degrees) high, stem 30 Cm. (12') thick, fruit approximates th...

Carthamus

Car'thamus tincto'rius, Safflower. -- The dried florets, U.S.P. 1820-1870, India, cultivated, in America, etc. Annual herb, .3-.6 M. (1-2 degrees) high, branched; leaves spinose; flowers orange-red, ...

Carum. Caraway, U.S.P.

Carum Carvi (Carui), Linne. (The dried ripe fruit, with not more than 3 p.c. of other fruits, seeds or foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 1.5 p.c. acid-insoluble ash.) Habitat. C. And...

Caryophyllus. Clove, U.S.P.

Caryophyllus aromaticus, Linne'. (The dried flower-buds with not more than 5 p.c. stems nor 1 p.c. other foreign organic matter, yielding not less than 15 p.c. volatile ether-soluble extractive nor m...

Cassia Fistula

C. Fis'tula, Purging Cassia, N.F. -- The dried fruit with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter; E. India, Egypt, nat. in S. America, W. Indies. Handsome tree, 9-15 M. (30-50 degrees) high; ...

Cassia Marylandica

C. Marylan'dica. -- Leaflets, U.S.P. 1820-1870; United States, New England to S. Carolina, west to the Mississippi. Plant 1-1.5 M. (3-5 degrees) high; leaves alternate, leaflets paripinnate, 8 pairs ...

Cassia Obovata

Cassia obova'ta. -- Leaflets, U.S.P. 1830-1860. This was the first senna known, being introduced by the Moors into Europe as early as the 9th century, where even in the 16th it became very largely cu...

Cassia Senna. Senna. Senna, U.S.P.

Cassia senna, (Linne'), angustifolia(Vahl). The dried leaflets, with not more than 10 p.c. of stems, nor 2 p.c. of pods or other foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 3 p.c. of acid-insolubl...

Castanea

Casta'nea denta'ta, Castanea, Chestnut Leaves, N. F. -- The dried leaves with not more than 5 p.c. of stems or other foreign organic matter; N. America, W. Asia, S. Europe. Stately tree, 24-30 M. (80...

Castanea Pumila

C. (Fagus) pu'mila, Castanea (Chinquapin). -- The bark, U.S.P. 1820-1850; Delaware-Mississippi. Shrub or small tree, 6-15 M. (20-50 degrees) high, 25-27.5 Cm (10-15') thick, largest being South; leav...

Caulophyllum

Caulophyl'lum thalictroi'des, Caulophyllum, Blue Cohosh, Papoose (Squaw) Root, N.F. -- The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 3 p.c. of foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 4 p.c. of...

Cetraria

Cetra'ria islan'dica, Iceland Moss. -- The dried plant, U.S.P. 1820-1890; N. hemisphere. Thallus 5-10 Cm. (2-4') long, foliaceous, fringed, and channeled lobes, brownish above, whitish beneath, apoth...

Ceylon Moss

Ceylon Moss. -- Indian Ocean. Mostly Sphaerococ'cus Lichenoi'des, 10 Cm. (4') long, 1.5 Mm. (1/16') thick, cylindrical, forked, filiform above; reddish--when dry whitish, brittle. ...

Chamaelirium

Chamaeli'rium lu'teum, Helonias, False Uniforn, N.F. -- The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 5 p.c. of foreign organic matter; N. America. Fragrant perennial herb; stem .3-.7 M. (12-18') hi...

Chelidonium

Chelido'nium ma'jus, Chelidonium, Celandine. -- The entire plant, collected when beginning to flower, U.S.P. 1880-1890; Europe, N. America. Perennial light green plant, .6 M. (2 degrees) high, emitti...

Chenopodium. Oleum Chenopodii. Oil of Chenopodium, U.S.P.

Chenopodium ambrosioides, var. Anthelminticum, Linne'. (A volatile oil distilled with steam from the fresh,  overground parts of the flowering and fruiting plant yielding not less than 65 p.c. ascarid...

Chimaphila

Chimaph'ila umbella'ta, Chimaphila, Pipsissewa, Princes' Pine. -- The dried leaves with not more than 5 p.c. of stems or other foreign organic matter; N. America, Europe, Asia -- dry woods. Perennial...

Chionanthus

Chionan'thus virgin'ica, Chionanthus, Fringe Tree Bark, N.F. -- The dried root-bark with not more than 5 p.c. of wood and other foreign organic matter, yielding to 70 p.c. alcohol not less than 25 p.c...

Chondrodendron

Chondroden'dron tomento'sum, Parei'ra, Parei'ra Bra'va, N.F. -- The dried root with not more than 5 p.c. of stems nor 2 p.c. of other foreign organic matter; Brazil, near Rio Janeiro, Peru. Tall wood...

Chondrus

Chon'drus cris'pus or Gigarti'na mamillo'sa, Irish Moss, Carrageen, N.F. -- Gigartinaceae. The dried, bleached plants, with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter; Atlantic Ocean, New England...

Chrysanthemum

Chrysan'themum (Pyrethrum) ro'seum and C. Car'neum, Persian Pellitory -- Persian (Caucasian) Insect Powder; W. Asia, Persia. Perennial plants, resembling chamomile; flower-heads 4 Cm. (1 3/5') broad;...

Cichorium

Cicho'riium In'tybus, Chicory. -- Europe, naturalized in United States. Root with laticiferous vessels radiate, also is white, more woody, and has thinner bark than taraxacum. July collection contai...

Cimicifuga. Cimifuga, U.S.P.

Cimicifuga racemosa, (Linne') Nutfall. The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 2 p.c. stems or other foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 4 p.c. acid-insoluble ash. Habitat. Unit...

Cinnamomum. Cinnamon, U.S.P.

Cinnamomum Loureirii, Nees. The dried bark, yielding not less than 2 p.c. of volatile ether-soluble extractive. Habitat. Annam (Cochin China). Syn.Cinnam., Cinnamomum Saigonicum, Annam -- Chin...

Citrullus Colocynthis. Colocynthis. Colocynthe, U.S.P.

Citrullus colocynthis, (Linne) Schrader. The dried pulp of unripe but fully-grown fruit with not more than 5 p.c. seed nor 2 p.c. epicarp, yielding not more than 2 p.c. extractive (purified petroleum ...

Citrullus Citrullus

Citrul'lus Citrullus (vulgaris) -- Cucurbita (Cu'cumis) Citrullus, Watermelon Seed. -- S. Asia; cultivated. Fruit edible, very large; seed flat, ovate, 12 Mm (1/2') long, blackish, marbled, or orange...

Citrus Aurantium, Var. Amara. Aurantium. Orange. Aurantii Amari Cortex Bitter Orange Peel, U.S.P.

Oleum Aurantii Florum. Oil of (Neroli) Orange Flowers, N.F. Citrus aurantium, var. Amara, Linne'. 1. The dried rind of the unripe fruit. 2. The volatile oil distilled from the fresh flowers. ...

Citrus Aurantium Var. Bergamia

Citrus Aurantium, var. Bergam'ia, Bergamot; Oleum Bergamottae, Oil of Bergamot, N.F. -- The volatile oil obtained by expression from the rind of the fresh fruit with not less than 36 p.c. of ester, ca...

Citrus Aurantium, Var. Sinensis. Aurantii Dulcis Cortex. Sweet Orange Peel, U.S.P.

Citrus Aurantium, var. sinensis, Linne'. The fresh, outer rind of the ripe fruit. Habitat. Same as C. Aurantium (var. Amara). Syn.Aurant, Dulc. Cort., Curacao, Navel (Seedless) Orange, Forbidde...

Citrus Medica. Limonis Cortex. Lemon Peel, U.S.P.

Citrus medica, var. Limonum, (Risso) Hooker filius. The outer yellow rind of the fresh ripe fruit. Habitat. N. India; cultivated in subtropics, Mediterranean Basin, United States (California, F...

Citrus Medica

C. Med'ica, Citron. -- Small tree, but fruit very large, 20-22.5 Cm. (8-9') long, resembling pineapple in shape. The rind is popular as a dessert, essence in perfumery, and juice for similar purpo...

Coal Tar

Pix Carbonis, Coal Tar, Pix Lithanthracis, N.F. -- The tar obtained as a by-product in the destructive distillation of coal for illuminating gas. A nearly black, thick liquid or semi-solid, heavier...

Coffea Arabica. Caffea. Coffee.

Caffeina. Caffeine, CHONHO, U.S.P. Coffea arabica, Linne'and Thea sinensis, Linne'.   A feebly basic substance (alkaloid) from the seeds of the former and leaves of the latter (Theaceae), also oc...

Cola Nitida

Cola ni'tida, Kola, Cola,N.F. -- The dried cotyledon of this or other species with not more than 1 p.c. of foreign organic matter, yielding not less than 1 p.c. of caffeine; W. Africa, W. Indies; cult...

Collinsonia

Collinso'nia canaden'sis, Stone-root, Horse-balm. -- N. America. Rhizome 10 Cm. (4') long, branches short, knotty, white inside, inodorous, taste bitter, nauseous; contains volatile oil, resin. Diap...

Commiphora. Myrra. Myrrah, U.S.P.

Commiphora Myrrha, (Nees) Baillon, or other species. A gum-resin yielding not less than 30 p.c. alcohol-soluble extractive, nor more than 4 p.c. acid-insoluble ash. Habitat. E. Africa, S. W. Arab...

Commophora Mukul

Commiphora Mu'kul, Indian Bdellium,and C. Aftrica'na, African Bdellium. -- Both occur in tears resembling myrrh, yellowish-brown, dusty, translucent, the former only slightly aromatic, not bitter, the...

Conium

Coni'um macula'tum, Conium, Poison Hemlock, N.F. -- The dried full-grown, but unripe fruit with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign fruits, seeds, or other foreign organic matter, yielding not less than ....

Convallaria

Convalla'ria maja'lis, Lily-of-the-Valley, Convallariae Radix, Convallaria Root, Lily-of-the-Valley Root, N.F. -- The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 5 p.c. of leaves or other foreign organ...

Convolvulus Mechoacanna

Consol'vulus Mechoan'na, Mechoacanna Root. -- Considered by some identical with Ipomaea pandurata; occurs in sections, light, whitish, mealy, contains little resin. Consolvulus Scammonia: a, bloomi...

Convolculus Scammonia

Convol'vulus Scammo'nia, Scam'mony, U.S.P. (resin) 1820-1900; (root) 1910; W. Asia, Syria, Greece. Perennial twining herb, 6-9 M. (20-30 degrees) long; leaves sagittate, bright green; flowers yellow,...

Copaiba, U.S.P.

Copaiba, Miller, one or more S. American species. An oleoresin. Habitat. Brazil (Venezuela, Colombia), Amazon valley, banks of the Orinoco River. Syn. Copaib., Balsam of Copaiba, Copaiva, Bals...

Coptis

Cop'tis trifo'lia, Coptis, Goldthread, N.F. -- The dried plant with not more than 3 p.c. of foreign organic matter; N. America, damp, mossy woods. Plant with scape 7.5-12.5 Cm. (3-5') high, leaves ra...

Oleum Coriandri. Oil Of Coriander, U.S.P.

Coriandrum. CORIANDRUM. CORIANDER, N.F. Coriandrum Sativum, Linne'. The volatile oil distilled from the dried ripe fruit. Habitat. C. Asia, S. Europe (Chine, Italy; cultivated in the United ...

Cornus. Cornus Florida

Cor'nus flor'ida, Cornus, Dogwood Bark, N.F., Cornaceae. -- The dried root-bark with not more than 5 p.c. of adhering wood nor 2 p.c. of other foreign organic matter; N. America. Small tree, 4.5-10.5...

Corsican Moss

Corsican Moss. -- Mediterranean. A mixture of 20-30 different algae species, mainly Sphoerococcus (Fucus) genus; these are yellowish-brown. Crocus sativus. Crocus: a, stigma, upper part magnified...

Crocus Sativus

Cro'cus sati'vus, Crocus, Saffron, N.F. -- The stigma with not more than 10 p.c. of yellow styles and 2 p.c. of other foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 7.5 p.c. of total ash; W. Asia, Spa...

Croton Eluteria

Croton Elute'ria, Cascarilla. -- The dried bark, U.S.P. 1820-1890; Bahama Islands. Plant 1.5-6 M. (5-20 degrees) high, stem, 2.5-20 Cm. (1-8;) thick, leaves 2.5-7.5 Cm. (1-3')long, ovate, lanceolate,...

Cucurbita Pepo. Pepo. Pepo, U.S.P.

Cucurbita pepo, Linne'. The dried ripe seed of cultivated varieties with not more than 5 p.c. broken or defective seeds, or foreign organic matter. Habitat. Tropical Asia, America; cultivated. ...

Cudbear

Roccel'la (tincto'ria) and Lecano'ra (tarta'rea) species, or other lichens; Persio, Cudbear, N.F. -- Parmeliaceae. A purplish-red powder prepared from these lichens, yielding 12 p.c. ash; Holland. M...

Curcuma Longa

Cur'cuma Zedoa'ria, Zedoaria, Zedoary, N.F. -- The dried rhizome with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter; India, largely cultivated. Perennial reed-like plant. Rhizome (tuber) occurs as ...

Cusparia

Cuspa'ria Angostu'ra, (Galipe'a Cusparia (officina'lis)), Angustura (Bark); Cuspariae Cortex, Cusparia Bark. The bark, U.S.P. 1820-1870; Northern South America. Tree 4.5-6 M. (15-20 degrees) high, l...

Cydonia (pyrus) Cydonia.

Cydo'nia (Py'rus) Cydonia, Quince. -- Pomaceae. The seed; U.S.P. 1850-1880; W. Asia. Tree 2.5-6 M. (8-20 degrees) high, with crooked, straggling branches; leaves like pear leaves; flowers white or p...

Cytisus

Cyt'sus Scopa'rius, Scoparius, Broom Tops, N.F. -- The dried tops with not more than 5 p.c. of stems over 3 Mm. (1/8') thick nor 2 p.c. of other foreign organic matter; W. Asia, S. Europe, United Stat...

Daemonorops Draco

Daemon'orops (Cal'amus) Dra'co, Draconis Resina (Dragon's Blood). -- Borneo, Sumatra. A spontaneous resinous exudation from the ripening fruit; occurs in tears, globular pieces 4 Cm. (1 3/5') thick, ...

Dammar

Ag'athis loranthifo'lia (Dam'mara), Dammar. -- E. India. A spontaneous resinous exudation, in transparent, straw-colored rounded masses, almost odorless, and tasteless, fracture conchoidal; contains ...

Daphne. Daphne Merzereum

Daph'ne Meze'reum, D. Gnid'ium, or D. Laure'ola, Mezereum, Mezereon, N.F. -- Thymelaeaceae. The dried bark from aerial portions with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter; Europe, Siberia, N...

Datura. Stramonium. Stramonium, U.S.P.

Datura Stramonium, Linne'. The dried leaves and flowering tops, with not more than 3 p.c. stems over 8 Mm. (1/3') thick, nor 4 p.c. acid-insoluble ash, yielding not less than .25 p.c. alkaloids H...

Daucus

Dau'cus Caro'ta, Carrot (Seed). -- The fruit, U.S.P. 1820-1870; N. Asia, Europe; biennial herb, .6-1 M. (2-3 degrees) high, hispid; flowers July-Sept., white, root fleshy, fusiform, aromatic, edible; ...

Delphinium

Delphin'ium Aja'cis, Delphinium, Larkspur Seed. N.F. -- The dried ripe seed with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign seeds or other foreign organic matter; S. Europe, cultivated as ornament, naturalized i...

Dicentra

Dicen'tra Canaden'sis or D. Cuculla'ria, Corydalis, Turkey (Squirrel) Corn, N.F. -- The dried tubers with not more than 3 p.c. of foreign organic matter; N. America, Canada to Ky. Low glaucous perenn...

Dioscorea

Dioscore'a villo'sa, Dioscorea, Wild Yam Root, Colic (Rheumatism) Root, N.F. -- Dioscoreaceae. The dried rhizome with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter; United States; moist thickets. S...

Diospyros

Dios'pyros virginia'na, Persimmon. -- Ebenaceae. The unripe fruit dried, U.S.P. 1820-1870; United States. Tree, 6-21 M. (20-70 degrees) high, much smaller northward; wood hard, blackish; leaves 7.5-...

Dipteryx Odorata

Coumarou'na (Dip'teryx) odora'ta, Tonka Bean; Coumarinum, Coumarin, N.F. -- The anhydride of ortho-oxycinnamic acid occurring naturally in this plant, also in Melilo'tus officina'lis and others, or pr...

Dorema Ammoniacum

Dore'ma Ammoni'acum, Ammoniacum, Ammoniac -- The gum-resin, U.S.P., 1820-1890; E. Persia, Turkestan. Plant of striking appearance, dying after flowering; stem 1.6-2 M. (5-7 degrees) high, greenish, j...

Dorstenia

Dorste'nia Contrayer'va, Contrayerva. -- The root, U.S.P. 1820-1850; W. Indies, C. And S. America. Acaulescent perennial; leaves lobed, radical, 10 Cm. (4') long; flowers staminate and pistillate, fr...

Drimys. Drimys Winteri

Dri'mys Win'teri (Win'tera aroma'tica). -- The bark, U.S.P. 1820-1860; S. America; small tree; leaves coriaceous; flowers white; fruit black berries, 4-8; bark in quills or curves, 2.5-8 Mm. 1/10-1/3'...

Drimys (Coto)

Coto Bark. -- Bolivia. May be from Dri-mys Win'teri var. grana-ten'sis. In flat or curved pieces 12 Mm. (1/2') thick, cinnamon color and odor, taste pungent, bitter; contains cotoin, CHO, hydrocotoi...

Drosera

Dro'sera rotundifo'lia, or D. An'glica and D. Lonifo'lia, Drosera, Sundew, N.F. -- Droseraceae. The air-dried flowering plant of the former, frequently mixed with the two latter closely allied specie...

Duboisia

Duboi'sia myoporoi'des. -- Australia. Small tree having properties similar to those of belladonna and hyoscyamus; leaves 7.5-10 Cm. (3-4') long, 12-25 Mm. (1/2-1') broad, petiolate, midrib prominent,...

Dulse

Dulse (Halyme'nia Fucus) palma'tus and H. E'ulis). -- Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts; blood-red--when dry dark purple, fronds flat. ...

Ecballium. Squirting Cucumber.

Elaterinum. Elaterin, CHO, U.S.P. Ecballium Elaterium, (Linne') A. Richard.  A substance obtained from the juice of the fruit. Habitat.  W. Asia, N. Africa, S. Europe -- Mediterranean Basin, dr...

Echinacea

Brauner'ia pal'lida, or B. Angustifu'lia, Echinacea, Pale purple Cone-flower, N.F. -- The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 3 p.c. of foreign organic matter; S. United States -- Kansas. Pere...

Elettaria. Cardamomi Semen. Cardamom Seed, U.S.P.

Elettaria Cardamomum, Maton. The dried ripe seed, recently removed from the capsules, yielding not more than 5 p.c., acid-insoluble ash. Habitat. Malabar, cultivated. India, Mountains, 750-1,50...

Empleurum

Empleu'rum serrula'tum. -- Leaves sometimes mixed with buchu, occasionally constituting the main bulk; may be distinguished by their acrid taste, peculiar odor -- differing from buchu -- longer, narro...

Ergota. Ergot, U.S.P.

Claviceps purpurea, (Fries) Tulasne. The dried sclerotium, developed on rye plants with not more than 5 p.c. seeds, fruits, or other foreign organic matter. Habitat. Eastern countries, Russia; cu...

Erigeron. Canada Fleabane. Horseweed. Fireweed

Erig'eron canaden'sis, Canada Fleabane, Horseweed, Fireweed. -- The herb, U.S.P. 1820-1870; the volatile oil distilled from the fresh flowering herb, U.S.P. 1860-1900; N. America, fields, waste places...

Eriodictyon. Eriodictyon, U.S.P.

Eriodictyon californicum, (Hooker et Arnolt) Bentham et Torrey. The dried leaf with not more than 5 p.c. stems nor 2 p.c. other foreign organic matter. Habitat. California, Northern Mexico; dry h...

Eryngium

Eryn'gium aquat'icum (yuccaefo'lium), Button Snakeroot. -- The root, U.S.P. 1820-1860; United States. Plant .6-1.8 M. (2-6 degrees) high, leaves rigid, pointed, .3-1 M. (1-3 degrees) long, bristly; f...

Erythraea

Erythrae'a Centau'rium, Centaurium, Centaury, N.F. -- The dried flowering herb with not more than 3 p.c. of foreign organic matter; C. and S. Europe. Plant glabrous, 15-50 Cm. (6-20') high, branched,...

Erythronium

Erythro'nium america'num, Yellow Adder's- Tongue. -- The root and herb, U.S.P. 1820-1850; United States. Perennial herb, scape 15.-22.5 Cm. (6-9') high, slender, leaves 2, pale green, equal length 12...

Erythroxylon. Coca. Coca

Cocaina Cocaine, U.S.P. Erythroxylon Coca, Lamarck, and other species. An alkaloid obtained from the leaves. Habitat. Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador--eastern slopes of the Andes (Colombia, Brazil, Ind...

Eucalyptus. Eucalyptus, U.S.P.

Eucalyptus globulus, Labillardiere. The dried scythe-shaped leaf, with not more than 3 p.c. of of stems, fruits, or other foreign organic matter. Habitat. Australia (Tasmania, Victoria); cultivat...

Eugenia

Eugenia Jambola'na, Jambul, Java Plum. -- E. Indies. Large tree producing edible fruit; all parts astringent, but seed and bark also arrest formation of sugar in diabetes; seed 1.2 Cm. (1/2') long, a...

Euonymus

Euon'ymus atropurpu'reus, Euonymus, Wahoo Bark, N.F. -- Celastraceae. The dried bark of the root with not more than 5 p.c. of adhering wood, nor 2 p.c. of other foreign organic matter, yielding not m...

Eupatorium

Eupato'rium perfolia'tum, Eupatorium, Thoroughwort, Boneset, N.F. -- The dried leaves and flowering tops with not more than 10 p.c. of stems nor 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter; N. America, swamps, m...

Euphorbia. Euphorbia Pilulifera. Pill Bearing Spurge

Euphor'bia hir'ta, Euphorbia, Euphorbia Pilulif'era, Pill Bearing Spurge, N.F. -- The dried herb with not more than 5 p.c. of foreign organic matter, nor yielding more than 3 p.c. of acid-insoluble as...

Euphorbia. Euphorbia Corollata. Blooming Spurge. Flowering Spurge

Euphor'bia corolla'ta, Flowering (Blooming) Spurge. -- The root U.S.P. 1820-1870; S. United States. Perennial herb, .6-1 M. (2-3 degrees) high; leaves lanceolate; flowers umbels, 5- (3-7-) forked, wh...

Euphorbia Ipecacuanhae.

E. Ipecacuan'hae, Ipecac Spurge, Wild Ipecac. -- The root, U.S.P. 1820-1870; United States. Plant resembles preceding, being a green or purple perennial, 12.5-25 Cm. (5-10') high, stem forked from th...

Fabiana

Fabia'na imbrica'ta, Pichi. -- Peru, Chile. Plant 1.5-2 M. (5-6 degrees) high, growing on rocky hill-tops, resembling somewhat the pines; the woody branches are used, being resinous, with aromatic od...

Fagus

Fa'gus america'na (ferrugin'ea), American Beech. -- Tree, 22.5-30 M. (75-100 degrees) high; bark and leaves used, the latter oblong-ovate, taper pointed, dentate, petioles and midrib soon (nearly) nak...

Ferula Asafoetida. Asafoetida. Asafetida, U.S.P.

Ferula asafoetida, Linne, foetida, Regal, and other species. The gum-resin obtained by incising the living rhizomes and roots, yielding not less than 50 p.c. alcohol-soluble extractive, and not more ...

Ferula Galbaniflua

F. Galbanif'lua, Galbanum. -- The gum-resin, U.S.P. 1820-1880: N. Persia. Plant 1.3-1.6 M. (4-5 degrees) high, 2.5 Cm. (1') thick, solid, striate, leaves radical and cauline; flowers yellow; fruit 12...

Ferula Sumbul

Ferula Sum'bul, Sumbul, Musk-root, N.F. -- The dried rhizome and roots of this, or other closely related species possessing a characteristic musk-like odor, with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organi...

Ficus

Fi'cus Car'ica, Ficus, Fig, N.F. -- The clean, sound, partially dried fruit; W. Asia, cult. In S. Europe, California. Tree, 4.5-7.5 M. (15-25 degrees) high, 10-20 Cm. (4-8') thick, many spreading bra...

Flemingia

Flemin'gia rhodocar'pa, Wars, Wurrus (Ar. For saffron); E. Africa. Cylindrical glands and long hairs of the fruit--a deep purple powder, coarser than but used instead of kamala; turns black in water,...

Oleum Foeniculi. Oil Of Fennel, U.S.P. Foeniculum. Foeniculum. Fennel, N.F.

Foeniculum vulgare, Miller. The volatile oil distilled from the dried ripe fruit. Habitat. S. Europe, W. Asia; cultivated. Syn. Foenic., Fennel Seed (Fruit), Large, Giant, Sweet or Wild Fenne...

Frasera

Frase'ra carolinen'sis (Walte'ri), American Colombo. -- The root, U.S.P. 1820-1870; United States. Perennial herb, 1-2.5 M. (3-8 degrees) high, dark purple stem 2.5-5 Cm. (1-2') thick; leaves in whor...

Fraxinus Americana

Fraxinus america'na, Fraxinum, White Ash Bark. -- United States; tree 18-24 M. (60-80 degrees) high, durable, tough wood, 5-9 ovate, acuminate leaflets, terete fruit, 2.5-5 Cm. (1-2') long, abruptly d...

Fraxinus Ornus. Manna. Manna, U.S.P.

Fraxinus ornus, Linne'. The dried exudation yielding not less than 75 p.c. of anhydrous alcohol-soluble extractive, when extracted with boiling 90 p.c. alcohol. Habitat. Mediterranean Basin, Asia...

Fucus

Fu'cus vesiculo'sus, F. serra'tus, F. nodo'sus, or F. siliquo'sus, Fucus Bladderwrack, N.F. -- The dried thallus with not more than 3 p.c. of foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 4 p.c. of a...

Galega

Gale'ga officina'lis, Galega, European Goat's Rue, N.F. -- The dried flowering herb with no stems over 4 Mm. (1/6') thick or more than 3 p.c. of foreign organic matter; S. Europe. Small perennial; st...

Garcinia. Cambogia. Gamboge, U.S.P.

Garcinia Hanburyi, Hooker filius. The gum-resin with not more than 1 p.c. foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 1 p.c. acid-insoluble ash, nor less than 65 p.c. alcohol-soluble extractive. ...

Gaultheria. Gaultheria. Gaultheria. Methylis Salicylas. Methyl Salicylate, U.S.P.

Gaultheria procumbens, Linne', or Betula lenta, Linne'. An ester (compound ether) obtained by distilling leaves of the former, or bark of the latter, and produced synthetically. Habitat. N. Ameri...

Gelsemium

Gelse'mium semper'virens, Gelsemium, Yellow Jasmine (Root), N.F.--The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter; United States, Va. to Fla. Beautiful woody climber; ...

Gentiana. Gentian, U.S.P.

Gentiana lutea, Linne'. The dried rhizome and roots, yielding not less than 30 p.c. of water-soluble extractive. Habitat. C. And S. Europe (France, Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Portugal, Englan...

Geranium

Gera'anium macula'tum, Geranium, Cranesbill, N.F. -- Geraniaceae. The dried rhizome with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter; N. America, rich woods, thickets. Perennial, hairy herb, .3-....

Geum

Ge'um riva'le, Purple (Water) Avens. -- The rhizome, U.S.P. 1820-1870; N. America. Perennial plant .3-.6 M. (1-2 degrees) high, stem purple; leaves 3-foliate or 3-lobed; flowers purplish-orange. Rhi...

Gillenia

Porteran'thus stipula'tus (Gille'nia stipula'cea), Indian Physic, and P. Trifolia'tus (G. Trifolia'ta), American Ipecac. -- The root, U.S.P. 1820-1870; United States; shrubs .6-1 M. (2-3 degrees) high...

Glaucium

Glau'cium Glaucium (lu'teum), Yellow Horned Poppy, and G. cornicula'tum. -- Both are similar to chelidonium; contain yellow juice and nearly identical alkaloids, hence used for about the same purposes...

Glycine

Glyc'ine (So'ja) his'pida, Soja Bean. -- Japan, cultivated S. Asia; contains casein 40 p.c., fixed oil 15-20 p.c., dextrin 10, starch 5, cellulose 5, water 10, amylolytic ferment. Owing to the beans ...

Glycyrrhiza. Glycyrrhiza, U.S.P.

Glycyrrhiza glabra, Linne' + var. typica, Regel et Herder, glandulifera, Regal et Herder, or other varieties yielding a yellow sweet wood. The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 2.5 p.c. of a...

Gnaphallium

Gnapha'lium obtusifo'lium (polyceph'alum), Common, Sweet, or Fragrant Life Everlasting. -- Annual erect herb, .3-1 M. (1-3 degrees) high, woolly, fragrant; leaves lanceolate, undulate, sessile, flower...

Gossypium. Gossypium. Cotton.

1. Gossypium Purificatum. Purified Cotton, U.S.P. 2. Oleum Gossypii Seminis Cottonseed Oil, U.S.P. Gossypium herbaceum, Linne', or other species. 1. The hairs of the seed of cultivated vari...

Grindelia

Grindelia campo'rum,or G. Cuneifo'lia, G. Squarro'sa, Grindelia, Gum-plant, N.F. -- The dried leaves and flowering tops with not more than 10 p.c. of stems over 2 Mm. (1/12') thick, or 2 p.c. of other...

Guaiacum

Guai'acum officina'le or G. Sanc'tum, Guaiac, Guaiac Resin, N.F. -- Zygophyllaceae. The resin of the wood, yielding not more than 15 p.c. of residue insoluble in alcohol; W. Indies, S. America. Smal...

Guarea

Gua'rea (Sycocar'pus) Rus'byi, Cocillana, N.F. -- Meliaceae. The dried bark with not more than 5 p.c. of wood or other foreign organic matter; Bolivia -- river-bottoms. Tree resembles a large apple ...

Haematoxylon

Haematox'ylon campechia'num, Hematoxylon, Logwood, N.F. -- The heartwood with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter. C. America, nat. In W. Indies. Spreading tree, 7.5-12 M. (25-40 degrees)...

Hagenia

Hage'nia abyssin'ica, Brayera, Kousso, Cusso, N.F. -- The dried panicle of the pistillate flowers with not more than 10 p.c. of staminate flowers or other foreign organic matter, yielding not more tha...

Hamamelis

Hamame'lis virginia'na; Hamamelidis Folia, Hamamelis Leaves, Witch Hazel Leaves, N.F. -- The dried leaves with not more than 5 p.c. of stems nor 2 p.c. of other foreign organic matter; N.America, thic...

Hedeoma

Hedeo'ma pulegioi'des, (American) Pennyroyal. -- The dried leaves and flowering tops, U.S.P. 1830-1900; N. America, sandy fields, hills, open woods, scenting the atmosphere. Annual herb; stem 25-37.5...

Helianthemum

Helian'themum canaden'se, Helianthemum, Rock-rose, Frost-wort (-weed), U.S.P. 1850-1870. -- Cistaceae. The dried herb; N. America. Hoary perennial. 15-45 Cm. (6-18') high, terete, reddish; leaves 1...

Helleborus

Helleb'orus ni'ger, Black Hellebore. -- The dried rhizome and roots, U.S.P. 1820-1870; C. and S. Europe, mountains. Acaulescent perennial, leaves evergreen, 7-9-lobed, flowers rose-like. Rhizome kno...

Hepatica

Hepat'ica Hepatica (tri'loba), Noble Liverwort. -- The leaves, U.S.P. 1820-1870, N. America, Europe. One of our earliest harbingers of spring; acaulescent perennial, flowers, April, bluish, leaves re...

Heracleum

Heracle'um lana'tum, Cow-parsnip, Masterwort. -- The root, U.S.P. 1820-1850; United States. Plant 1.5-3 M. (5-10 degrees) high, 2.5-4 Cm. (1-1 3/5') thick, pubescent, hollow; root resembles parsley, ...

Heuchera

Heu'chera america'na, Alum Root. -- The rhizome, U.S.P. 1820-1870; United States. Plant viscid, pubescent, .6-1.3 M. (2-4 degrees) high; leaves 5-7.5 Cm. (2-3') wide, crenate; flowers purplish-white;...

Hevea

Heve'a (brasilien'sis and H. Guianen'sis), Elastica, Rubber. -- The prepared milk-juice, U.S.P. 1890-1900; S. America, east of Andes, India, near streams. Large trees, smooth straight trunks, 15-18 M...

Humulus

Hu'mulus Lu'pulus, Humulus, Hop, N.F. -- The carefully dried strobile bearing its glandular trichomes with not more than 2 p.c. of stems, leaves, or other foreign matter, yielding not more than 5 p.c....

Hydrangea

Hydran'gea arbores'cens, Hydrangea, Seven-barks, N.F. -- Saxifragaceae. The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 3 p.c. of foreign organic matter; N. America, on rocky banks near streams: .3-2....

Hydrastis. Hydrastis, U.S.P.

Hydrastis canadensis, Linne'. The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 2 p.c. stems and leaves, nor 2 p.c. other foreign organic matter, yielding not less than 2.5 p.c. ether-soluble alkaloids,...

Hyssopus

Hysso'pus officiana'lis, Hyssop. -- S. Europe. Plant .3 M. (1 0) high, stem square, leaves 2.5 Cm. (1') long, punctate on both sides, flowers purplish-blue, stamens 4, exserted; contains volatile oil ...

Ilex Paraguensis

I. paraguensis (paraguaynensis), Mate Paraguay Tea. -- Brazil. Leaves contain caffeine .2-1.6 p. c., tannin 10-16 p. c., volatile oil, stearoptene, wax, glucoside, proteins 5 p. c., ash 4-8 p. c. ...

Illicium

Illicium verum, Star Anise. -- The fruit, U.S.P. 1880-1890; N. Annam, S. W. China (mountains). Small tree, 3-6 M. (10-20') high, branched; leaves evergreen, lanceolate, pointed, entire, pellucid-punet...

Inula

Inula Helenium, Inula Elecampane, N.F. -- The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 5 p. c. of stem-bases nor 2 p. c. of other foreign organic matter; C. and S. Europe, C. Asia. Perennial herb 1-...

Ipomoea Orizabensis. Ipomoea. Ipomea, U.S.P.

Ipomoea orizabensis, Ledenois. The dried root, yielding not less than 15 p.c. total resins nor more than 3 p.c. acid-insoluble ash. Habitat. Mexico -- eastern slopes of Mexican Andes, rainy atmos...

Ipomea Purga. Jalapa. Jalap, U.S.P.

Exogonium Jalapa, (Nuttall et Coxe) Baillon. The dried tuberous root, yielding not less than 7 p.c. of the total resins. Habitat. E. Mexico, in damp, rich, shady woods; cultivated in India. Sy...

Iris Versicolor. Blue Flag

I'ris versic'olor, Blue Flag, N.F. -- Iridaceae. The dried rhizome with not more than 5 p.c. of roots and leaf bases or other foreign organic matter; N. America; swampy places. Perennial herb, .6-1 ...

Iris Versicolor. Iris Florentina. I. Germanica. I. Pallida. Orris (Florentine). Orris Root

Iris florenti'na or I. German'ica, or I. Pal'lida, Orris (Florentine), Orris Root, N.F. -- The rhizome with not more than 1 p.c. of foreign organic matter. N. Italy (near Florence), Germany, France. ...

Jateorhiza. Calumba. Calumba, U.S.P.

Jateorhiza palmata, (Lamarck) Miers. The dried root yielding not more than 2.5 p.c. of acid-insoluble ash. Habitat. E. Africa, Madagascar (Mozambique and Quilimane forets, along the lower Zambes...

Jateorhiza Calumba

Jateorhiza Calumba. -- About the same as the official, possibly having a variety difference in that the basal lobes of leaves are rounded but do not overlap, and male inflorescence is hispid. In the ...

Juglans. English Walnut. Butternut Bark

Ju'glans cine'rea, Juglans, Butternut Bark, N.F. -- Juglandaceae. -- The dried inner bark of the root, with not more than 2 p.c. of adhering wood or other foreign organic matter; United States, Canada...

Juniperus Communis. Juniperus. Juniper Berry, N.F. Oleum Juniperi. Oil Of Juniper, U.S.P.

Juniperus communis, Linne'. A volatile oil distilled from the dried ripe fruit. Habitat.  N. America (Canada, N. United States), Asia, Europe, N. Africa; dry woods,  hills. Syn.  Juniper Bush, ...

Oleum Cadinum. Oil. Of Cade, U..S.P.

Juniperus oxycedrus, Linne'.  An empyreumatic volatile oil obtained from the wood. Habitat.  S. Europe, Spain. Syn.  Prickly (Spanish, Berry-bearing) Cedar, Large Brown-fruited Juniper; Ol. Cadi...

Juniperus Sabina

Juniperus Sabi'na, Savin, Shrubby Red Cedar. -- The tops, U.S.P. 1820-1900; Europe, Siberia, N. America, rocky banks, mountains. Evergreen shrub, procumbent or erect, 1-4.5 M. (3-15 degrees) high, br...

Kalmia

Kal'mia latifo'lia, Mountain Laurel, Calico-bush. -- About 1.8-9 M. (6-30 degrees) high; flowers inodorous, May-June; leaves evergreen, elliptical; contains tannin, arbutin, resin, andromedotoxin, C31...

Krameria. Krameria, U.S.P.

Krameria, triandra, Ruiz et Pavon; argentea, Martius. The dried root. Habitat. 1. Peru, Bolivia. 2. Brazil (in sandy localities of the mountains, elevation 925- 2465 M. (3,000-8,000 degrees)). ...

Lactuca

Lactu'ca viro'sa, Lactucarium, Wild Lettuce. -- The dried milk-juice, U.S.P. 1820-1910; C. and S. Europe. Biennial herb .6-2 M. (2-6 degrees) high, glabrous, green, often purple spotted; leaves runci...

Laurus

Lau'rus no'bilis, Laurel, Sweet Bay. -- The leaves and fruit; Mediterranean Basin. Leaves 5-10 Cm. (2-4') long, pellucid-punctate, smooth, aromatic, astringent; fruit (bayberries) oval drupes 12 Mm. ...

Lavandula. Lavender. Oleum Lavandulae. Oil Of Lavender, U.S.P.

Lavandula spica, Linne'. A volatile oil distilled from the fresh flowering tops, yielding not less than 30 p.c. esteres, calculated as linalyl acetate. Habitat. S. Europe (France, Italy, Spain), N...

Limonium

Limo'nium carolinia'num (Stat'ice Limo'nium var. Carolinia'na), Marsh Rosemary. -- Plumbaginaceae. The root, U.S.P. 1830-1870; N. America. Plant a maritime perennial, acaulescent; leaves 2.5-4 Cm. (...

Lindera

Ben'zoin (Lin'dera) Benzoin, Spice or Benjamin Bush. -- N. America, damp woods. Shrub 2-4.5 M.( 6-15) degrees) high, smooth; bark mostly used, berries and leaves to some extent; tonic, aromatic stimu...

Linum. Linseed, U.S.P.

Linum usitatissimum, Linne'. The dried ripe seed with not more than 2 p.c. other seeds or foreign organic matter, yielding not less than 30 p.c. non-volatile, ether-soluble extractive -- 98 p.c. bei...

Liquidambar. Styrax. Storax, U.S.P.

Liquidambar orientalis, Miller, Styraciflua, Linne'. A balsam obtained from the trunk. Habitat. 1. Asia Minor -- Southwestern portion near coast, forming entire forests; 2. United States -- Atl...

Liriodendron

Lirioden'dron Tulipif'era, Tulip-tree. -- The bark, U.S.P. 1820-1870; United States, China; tree 18-45 M. (60-150 degrees) high; flowers yellowish; fruit cone, 7.5 Cm. (3') long. Bark in quills or cu...

Lobelia Inflata. Lobelia. Lobelia, U.S.P.

Lobelia inflata, Linne'. The dried leaves and tops with not more than 10 p.c. stems,nor 2 p.c. other foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 5 p.c. acid-insoluble ash. Habitat. N. America ...

Lophophora

Lophoph'ora (Anhalo'nium) William'sii (Lewinii), Mescal(e) Buttons; Mexico. -- This small succulent cactus yields the mescal buttons (upper layer of turnip-shaped stem, consisting of ovoid tubercles, ...

Luffa

Luf'fa Luffa (aegypti'aca), Egypt, and L. Opercula'ta, Brazil, Vegetable Sponge, Wash-rag Sponge, Gourd Towel. Cu'cumis myriocar'pus; S. Africa.--These produce analogous fruits, which have similar ac...

Lycium

Lyc'ium vulga're. -- United States, Europe; L. Af'rum, N. Africa, and L. Umbro'sum, S. America; leaves of all in infusion good for erysipelas and skin diseases. ...

Lycopodium. Lycopodium, U.S.P.

Lycopodium clavatum, Linne'. The spores. Habitat. Europe, Asia, N. America, in dry woods Syn. Lycopod., Club Moss, Clubfoot Moss, Running Moss, Snake (Staghorn) Moss, Ground (Running) Pine,...

Lycopus

Ly'copus virgin'icus, Bugle Weed. -- The herb, U.S.P. 1830-1870; N. America. Plant has smooth, obtusely quadrangular stem, 15-60 Cm. (6-24') high; leaves 5 Cm. (2') long, elliptic, glandular; flowers...

Magnolia

Magno'lia virginia'na (glau'ca), M. Acumina'ta and M. Tripet'ala. -- Magnoliaceae. The bark, U.S.P. 1820-1880; United States; trees 6-28 M. (20-90 degrees) high; flowers white, fragrant; fruit cones;...

Mallotus Philippinensis

Mallo'tus philippinen'sis, Kamala, Rottlera. -- The glands and hairs from the capsules, U.S.P. 1860-1890; Philippine Islands, India, China. Small tree, 6 M. (20 degrees) high; bark pale, branches wit...

Malus

Ma'lus (Pyrus) Malus, Apple; Succus Pomorum, Fresh Apple Juice, N.F. -- The freshly expressed juice of sound, ripe, sour apples, the fruit of cultivated varieties. Plant resembles quince; fruit edibl...

Malva

Mal'va sylves'tris and M. Rotundifo'lia, Malvae Folia, (High and Low) Mallow Leaves, N.F. -- The dried leaves with not more than 10 p.c. of other parts of the plants, nor 5 p.c. of foreign organic mat...

Mandragora

Mandrag'ora officina'lis (Atropa mandragora), together with var. autumna'lis, having blue flowers, and var. verna'lis, white flowers; S. Europe -- all are acaulescent plants, having constituents simil...

Marrubium

Marru'bium vulga're, (White, Common) Horehound. -- The dried leaves and flowering toops, U.S.P. 1820-1900; Europe, C. Asia, N. America, cultivated in waste places, gardens, etc. Perennial herb .3-.6 ...

Marsdenia

Marsde'nia (Gonol'obus) Conduran'go, Condurango, N.F. -- The dried bark with not more than 2 p.c. of wood or other foreign organic matter; Ecuador. Climbing vine, 3-9 M. (10-30 degrees) high. Bark (...

Matricaria

Matrica'ria Chamomil'la, Matricaria, German Chamomile, N.F. -- The dried flower-head with not more than 5 p.c. of stems or other foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 4 p.c. of acid-insoluble...

Oleum Cajuputi. Oil Of Cajuput, U.S.P. Melaleuca. Cajuputum. Cajuput.

Melaleuca Leucadendron, Linne' var. Cajeputi, var. minor, +. The volatile oil distilled from the fresh leaves and twigs, and rectified by steam (distillation.) Habitat. E. India Islands, Celebes,...

Melia

Me'lia Azed'arach, Margosa Bark, Pride of India. -- The bark of the root, U.S.P. 1820-1880; China, India, cultivated, S. United States. Beautiful tree 9-12 M. (30-40 degrees) high, leaves imparipinna...

Melilotus

Melilo'tus officina'lis, Melilotus, (Yellow) Melilot, Yellow Sweet Clover, N.F. -- The dried leaf and flowering top with not more than 3 p.c. of stems over 3 Mm. (1/8') thick or other foreign organic ...

Melissa

Melis'sa officina'lis, Melissa, Balm.--The leaves and tops, U.S.P. 1840-1890; sia Minor, S. Europe. Perennial herb with fragrance of lemons, growing in waste places; stems several, quadrangular, .3-1...

Menispermum

Menisper'mum canaden'se, Yellow Parilla, Canadian Moonseed. -- The rhizome and roots U.S.P. 1880-1890; N. America (Canada to S. Carolina). Perennial climber, 2.5-3.5 M. (8-12 degrees) long; stem roun...

Mentha Crispa

Metha cris'pa, Crisped-leaved, Cross or Curled Mint. -- This is the cultivated form of M. Spicata (viridis), known also as M. aquat'ica var. crispa, leaves pubescent, cordate pointed, crisped; M. Sati...

Mentha Piperita. Peppermint, U.S.P.

Mentha piperita, Linne'. The dried leaves and tops with not mor than 2 p.c. of stems over 3 Mm. (1/8') thick, or other foreign organic matter. Habitat. Asia, Europe, N. America; wild in low groun...

Mentha Spicata. Mentha Viridis. Spearmint, U.S.P.

Mentha spicata, Linne', Mentha viridis, Linne'. The dried leaves and tops with not more than than 2 p.c. of stems over 3 Mm. (1/8') thick, or other foreign organic matter. Habitat. England, wild ...

Menyanthes

Menyan'thes trifolia'ta, Buckbean, Bogbean, Water Shamrock. -- The root (rhizome), U.S.P. 1820-1830; dried leaves; United States. Perennial herb, 2.5-3.7 M. (8-12 degrees) high; rhizome 1-2.5 Cm. (2/...

Mitchella

Mitchel'la re'pens, Mitchella, Squaw Vine, Partridge-berry, N.F. -- The dried plant with not more than 5 p.c. of foreign organic matter; N. America. Creeping evergreen of the woods, reaching .3-.6 M....

Momordica

Momor'dica Balsam'ina, Balsam Apple, E. India.--Climbing plant, also cultivated in gardens throughout the United States for its yellow cucumber-like fruit. This is soaked in whisky and used domestica...

Monarda

Monar'da puncta'ta, Horse-mint. -- The leaves and tops, U.S.P. 1820-1870; United States. Perennial, .6-1 M. (2-3 degrees) high, stem branched, downy, leaves 5-7.5 Cm. (2-3') long, lanceolate, serrat...

Morus Rubra

Mo'rus ru'bra, Red Mulberry. -- N. America. Fruit in dense spikes with coalesced perianths, 2.5 Cm. (1') long, dark purple, fleshy; contains sugar 10 p.c., pectin, citrates, malates; refrigerant, fla...

Mucuna

Mucu'na pru'riens, Cowhage, Cowitch. -- Hairs of the pods, U.S.P. 1840-1870; E. and W. Indies. Climbing plant, flowers resemble those of the pea, purple; leaflets hairy; pods coriaceous, shape of ita...

Myrica

Myri'ca cerif'era, or M. Carolinen'sis, Myrica, Bayberry Bark, Wax Myrtle Bark, N.F. -- Myricaceae. The dried bark of the root with not more than 5 p.c. of adhering wood or other foreign organic matt...

Myristica. Myristica, U.S.P.

Myristica fragrans, Houltuym. The dried ripe seed deprived of seed-coat -- the kernel, with or without thin coating of lime, yielding not less than 25 p.c. non-volatile, ether-soluble extractive, no...

Nectandra

Nectan'dra Rodiae'i, Bebeeru Bark. -- The dried bark, U.S.P. 1860-1870; S. America, Guiana. Large tree, 18-24 M. (60-80 degrees) high, bark ash-gray, smooth, leaves 12.5-15 Cm. (5-6') long, 5-7.5 Cm....

Nepeta

Nep'eta Cata'ria, Cataria, Catnep, Catmint, N.F. -- The dried leaves and flowering tops with not more than 5 p.c. of stems over 4 Mm. (1/6') thick, or other foreign organic matter; Asia, Europe, natur...

Nicotiana

Nicotia'na Tabac'um, Tabacum, Tobacco. -- The commercial dried leaves, U.S.P. 1820-1890: C. And S. America (cultivated). Coarse robust annual, 1-2 M. (3-6 degrees) high; stem erect, unbranched, solid...

Olea. Olive. Oleum Olivae. Olive Oil, U.S.P.

Olea europaea, Linne'. A fixed oil obtained from the ripe fruit. Plant When wild a branched, thorny shrub; under cultivation a tree 3-9 M. (10-30 degrees) high, resembling white willow; bark gr...

Opopanax

Opop'anax Opopanax (Chiro'nium). -- S. Europe. Root and stem exude yellowish milk, hardening into reddish-brown tears, having a waxy luster, and a bitter, balsamic taste. ...

Origanum

Orig'anum vulga're, Wild Marjoram. -- The herb, U.S.P. 1820-1850; 1870-1880; Asia, Europe, N. Africa, naturalized in N. America. Perennial herb, .3-.5 M. (12-18') high; stem square, purplish, downy; ...

Ourouparia Gambir. Gambir. Gambir, U.S.P.

Ourouparia gambir, (Hunter) Baillon. The dried aqueous extract prepared from the leaves and twigs, yielding not less than 70 p.c. water-soluble extractive, nor less than 60 p.c. alcohol-soluble extrac...

Palaquium

Pala'quium Gut'ta, and P. Oblongifo'lium, Gutta-percha. -- Sapotaceae. The purified, coagulated, milky exudation, U.S.P. 1860-1880; Malayan Peninsula and Islands, Singapore, Borneo. Tree, 18-21 M. (...

Panax Quinquefolium

Pa'nax quinquefo'lium (Aralia quinquefo'lia), Panax, Ginseng. -- The root, U.S.P. 1840-1870; N. America. Small shrub, .3 M. (1 degree) high, smooth, leaflets 5's, serrate; flowers yellowish, fruit sc...

Papaver Rhoeas

Papaver Rhoe'as, Rhoeados Petala, Red Poppy Petals Br. -- Europe; flowers large, beautiful red, petals mainly used for their coloring matter, which is yielded to water; its milky juice is sedative, de...