A Manual of Materia Medica and Pharmacology | by David M. R. Culbreth

Comprising all organic and inorganic drugs which are or have been official in the United States Pharmacopoeia, together with important allied species and useful synthetics, especially designed for students of pharmacy and medicine, as well as for druggists, pharmacists, and physicians.

Title	A Manual of Materia Medica and Pharmacology
Author	David M. R. Culbreth
Publisher	Lea Brothers & Co.
Year	1927
Copyright	1927, Lea Brothers & Co.
Amazon	Manual of Materia Medica and Pharmacology

Manual of Materia Medica and Pharmacology Comprising the Organic Drugs Which are or Have Been Recognized By the United States Pharmacopoeia and National Formulary Together with Important Allied Species

Abies Abies: Ab'ies Abies (excel'sa), Pix Burgundica, Burgundy Pitch. --The prepared resinous exudation, U.S.P. 1820-1890; S. Europe (Burgundy province, France). Lofty tree, 24-45 M. (80-150 degrees) high; leaves...

Abies Balsamea: A. Balsam'ea, Terebinthina Canadensis, Canada Turpentine. -- The liquid oleoresin (balsam of fir), U.S.P. 1820-1900; Canada, United States, chiefly Laurentine Mountains, Quebec. Beautiful ornamental...

Abies Picea: A. Picea, (pectina'ta), Strassburg Turpentine (Terebinthina Argentoratensis). -- Vosges. Obtained like Canada balsam, chiefly differing in odor (lemon); taste bitter, not acrid; completely soluble i...

Acacia Catechu: Acacia Catechu, Catechu; Catechu Nigrum (Br.) -- An extract prepared from the heart-wood, U.S.P. 1820-1890; India, Hindustan. Plant crooked, shrubby tree, 4.5-12 M. (15-40 degrees) high, 15-45 Cm. (6...

Acacia. Acacia, U.S.P.: Acacia Senegal, Willdenow, or some other species. The dried, gummy exudation from the stems and branches, yielding not more than 1 p.c. of water-insoluble residue, nor 15 p.c. of moisture. Habitat....

Achillea: Achille'a Millefo'lium, Yarrow, Milfoil. -- The leaves and flowering tops, U.S.P. 1860-1870; N. America. Perennial herb, .3-.6 M. (1-2 degrees) high, hairy; leaves lanceolate, glandular beneath, 5-25...

Aconitum. Aconite, U.S.P.: Aconitum Napellus, Linne. The dried tuberous root with not more than 5 p.c. of stems, nor 2 p.c. of other foreign organic matter. Habitat. Europe, Asia, N. America, Himalaya, Alps, Pyrenees Mount...

Aconitina, Aconitine, C H O N, U.S.P.: (Syn., Aconitin, Napaconitine, Aconitia; Fr. Aconitine; Ger. Aconitin.) Exists in combination with aconitic acid, and is obtained by exhausting root with cold rectified fusel oil, shaking resulting t...

Acorus Calamus: Ac'orus Cal'amus, Calamus Root, Sweet Flag. -- Araceae. The unpeeled, dried rhizome, U.S.P. 1820-1900; N. America, Europe, Asia, swamps. Perennial herb; leaves, like those of Iris versicolor, 1-1.3 ...

Adonis: Ado'nis verna'lis, Adonis, Pheasant's Eye, False Hellebore, N.F. -- The dried overground portion with not more than 5 p.c. of foreign organic matter; N. Europe, Asia, cultivated for ornament. Plant 1...

Aegle: Ae'gle Mar'melos, Beloe Fructus, Bael Fruit (Br.), Bengal Quince. -- The gresh half-ripe fruit; Malabar, Coromandel, cultivated in India. Fruit round, size of a large orange, cherry-red color, aromat...

Aethusa: Aethu'sa Cyna'pium, Fool's Parsley, Small Hemlock. -- Leaves non-poisonous, and sometimes carelessly mixed with those of conium -- the plants, however, being distinguished easily as Aethusa Cynapium h...

Agar. Agar, U.S.P.: Gelidium corneum (Hudson) lamouroux, and other species, also closely related agae. The dried extracted mucilaginous substance, with not more than 1 p.c. foreign organic matter, yielding not than 1 p....

Agarcius: Polyp'orus (Bole'tus) officina'lis, Agaricus; Agaric, White (Larch) Agaric, N.F. -- Polyporaceae. The dried fruit body, deprived of outer rind, with 5 p.c. foreign organic matter, yielding to boiling...

Agropyron: Agropy'ron re'pens, Triticum, Couch Grass, Dog Grass, N.F. -- The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 2 p.x. of foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 3 p.c. of acid-insoluble ash; Euro...

Aletris Farinosa: Al'etris farino'sa, Aletris, Star Grass, Unicorn Root, N.F. -- The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 5 p.c. of foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 10p.c. of acid-insoluble ash; Uni...

Allium Sativum: Al'lium sati'vum, Allium, Garlic, N.F. -- The fresh bulb; C. Asia, S. Europe. Bulbous plant .6 M. (2 degrees) high; leaves long, flat, grass-like; flowers small, white umbels. Bulb, subglobular, 4-6...

Aloe. Aloe, U.S.P.: Aloe Perryi, Baker, vera, (Linne'), ferox, Miller. The inspissated juice of the leaves, yielding not more than 4 p.c. ash, 10 p.c. moisture, and 50 p.c. water-soluble extractive. Habitat. 1. E....

Alpinia: Alpin'ia officina'rum, Galanga, Galangel, N.F.: The dried rhizome with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 3 p.c. of acid-insoluble ash. China cultivated. Perennia...

Althaea. Althea, U.S.P.: Althaea officinalis, Linne'. The dried root deprived of the brown, corky layer and small roots. Habitat. Europe, Western and Northern Asia; naturalized in salt marshes, New England, New York, Aus...

Amanita: Agar'icus musca'rius (Amani't musca'ria), Fly Fungus (Agaric). -- N. Europe, Russia. This mushroom grows in the autumn mainly, under pine trees. Stalk is white, tuberous at base, 7.5 - 1.5 Cm (3 - 6...

Amber: Pini'tes succin'ifer (Pi'cea succinif'era), Succinum (Amber). -- Fossil resin, U.S.P. 1820 - 1850; Baltic Sea, Prussia, coal mines. There are 50 Pinaceae species that yield this resin. Such trees ha...

Amygdalus Communis Var. Amara. Amygdala Amara. Bitter Almond: Oleum Amygdalae Amarae. Oil of Bitter Almond, U.S.P. Amygdalus communis (var. Amara.), Linne', or other kernels containing amygdalin. A volatile oil from the dried ripe kernels deprived of fixed ...

Oleum Amygdalae Expressum. Expressed Oil Of Almond, U.S.P. Amygdalus Communis Var. Dulcis. Amygdala Dulcis. Sweet Almond: Amygdalus communis (var. dulcis), Linne'. A fixed oil obtained from the kernels of several varieties. Habitat: W. Asia, Persia, Syria, Barbary, Morocco; naturalized in Mediterranean Basin; cultiva...

Anacyclus Pyrethrum: Annacy'clus Pyre'thrum, Pyrethrum, Pellitory (Root): -- The dried root, U.S.P. 1820 - 1910; N. Africa, Algeria - high lands, cultivated in gardens. Procumbent perennial, resembling chamomile, .3 M. (...

Anamirta: Anamir'ta Coc'culus, Cocculus (Indicus), Fish (Indian) Berry, N.F.: -- The dried ripe fruit with 2 p.c. foreign organic matter; E. India, Ceylon. Large woody climber; leaves 10 - 20 Cm. (4 - 8') long...

Andropogon: Andropo'gon squarro'sa (murica'tus), Vetiveria (Vetivert). -- E. India. The fibrous wiry roots from the rhizome; yellowish-brown, waxy, 15 - 20 Cm. (6 - 8 ') long, 1 Mm. (1/25') thick, tough, aromati...

Anethum: Ane'thum (peuced'anum) grave'olens, Anethi Fructus, Dill Fruit (Br.). -- S. Europe, Asia. Herb .6 M. (2 degrees) high; leaves finely divided, glaucous; flowers yellow; fruit oblong, 4 Mm. (1/6') long...

Angelica: Angel'ica Archangel'ica, European Angelica; 1. Angelica Radix, Angelica Root, N.F. -- The dried rhizome and roots of this and other species with not more than 5 p.c. of stem-bases or other foreign or...

Oleum Anisi. Oil Of Anise, U.S.P.: AnisumANISUM, ANISE, N.F. Pimpinella Anisum, Linne', or Illicium verum, Hooker filius. The volatile oil distilled from the dried ripe fruits. Habitat. W. Asia, Egypt, S. E. Europe; cultivate...

Anthemis: An'themis no'bilis, Roman Chamomile. -- The dried flower-heads of cultivated plants, U.S.P. 1820-1900; S. And W. Europe. Perennial herb, 15-30 Cm. (6-12') high, hairy; leaves bipinnatisect, hairy. Fl...

Apium: Ap'ium grave'olens, Apii Fructus, Celery Fruit (Seed), N.F. The dried ripe fruit with not more than 5 p.c. of unsound or foreign fruits or other foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 3 p.c. ...

Apocynum: Apo'cynum cannab'inum, Apocynum, Canadian Hemp, Dogbane, N.F. -- The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 5 p.c. of stems or other foreign organic matter; United States, Canada to Florida. Pere...

Aralia Nudicaulis: A. Nudicau'lis, Wild, Virginian, False Sarsaparilla. -- The root (rhizome), U.S.P. 1820-1870; N. America. Small shrub, stem scarcely above ground, leaf single, petiole .3 M. (1 degree) high; leaflets...

Aralia Racemosa: Ara'lia racemo'sa, Aralia, American Spikenard, Spignet, N.F. -- Araliaceae. The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 5 p.c. of stem-bases or other foreign organic matter; United States, Georgia...

Aralia Spinosa: Ara'lia spino'sa, Hercules' Club, Prickly Elder. -- The bark, U.S.P. 1820-1870; East and west N. America. Prickly tree, 3-9 M. (10-30 degrees) high, leaflets crowded at summit; flowers white; bark in...

Arctium: Arc'tium Lap'pa, Lappa, Burdock Root, Clotbur, N.F. -- The dried first year root with not more than 5 p.c. of leaf-bases nor 2 p.c. of other foreign organic matter; Europe, N. Asia, naturalized in N. ...

Arctostaphylos. Uva Ursi. Uva Ursi, U.S.P.: Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi, (Linne') Sprengel. The dried leaf with not more than 5 p.c. stems or other foreign organic matter. Habitat. Europe, Asia, N. America, United States, south of New Jersey, ...

Argemone: Argemo'ne mexica'na, Prickly Poppy. -- Capsules and leaves contain berberine, protopine (macleyine, fumarine), but no morphine; seed have a bland light yellow fixed oil 36 p.c.; substitute for castor...

Arisaema: Arisae'ma (A'rum) triphyl'lum, Indian Turnip. -- The cormus, U.S.P. 1820-1860; N. America. Plant acaulescent, leaves 2, 3-divided, 5-17.5 Cm. (2-7') long, 2.5-7.5 Cm. (1-3') wide. Corm 2.5-5 Cm. (1-...

Aristolochia Serpentaria. Serpentaria. Serpentaria, U.S.P.: Aristolochia Serpentaria, (Linne'), reticulata,Nutall. The dried rhizome and roots, with not more than 10 p.c. over-ground stems nor 2 p.c. other organic matter, yielding not more than 10 p.c. acid-i...

Armoracia Rusticana: Rori'pa (Cochlea'ria) Armora'cia, Armoraciae Radix, Horseradish Root. (Br. -- U.S.P. 1820-1850). -- The fresh root collected from cultivated plants; E. Europe, naturalized elsewhere. Plant .6-1 M. (2...

Arnica: Ar'nica monta'na, Arnica (Flowers), Leopards-bane, N.F. -- The dried flower-head with not more than 3 p.c. of foreign organic matter; Europe -- Germany, N. Asia, N. America. Perennial herb .3M (1 deg...

Arrowroot: Maran'ta arundina'cea, Arrow-root. -- The fecula of the rhizome, U.S.P. 1820-1870' W. Indies, Bermudas, Brazil. Plant slender, 1-2 M. (3-6 degrees) high, leaves 7.5-12.5 Cm. (3-5' ) long, lanceolate,...

Artemisia Abronatum: A. Abrot'anum, Southern-wood, Old Man. -- Asia, Europe; hairy, segments of the pinnatifid leaves capillaceous, lemon odor. A. Vulga'ris, Mugwort, Africa, Europe, spontaneous in United States; stem pu...

Artimisia Absinthium: Artemisia Absin'thium, Absinthium, Wormwood. -- The dried leaves and flowering tops with not more than 5 p.c. of foreign matter, U.S.P. 1830-1890; Europe, N. Asia, N. Africa. Perennial herb; stem .6-...

Artemisia Pauciflora. Santonica. Santoninum. Santonin, Cho, U.S.P.: Artemisia pauciflora, (Ledebour) Weber. (The inner anhydride (lactone) of santoninic acid, obtained from the dried unexpanded flower-heads (santonica). Habitat. N. Turkestan, Russia, on the vast ...

Asagraea (Cebadilla): Asagrae'a officina'lis, Sabadilla, Cevadilla; Veratrina, Veratrine, Veratria, N.F. -- A misture of alkaloids obtained from the seed; Mexico. Bulvous perennial herb; bulb ovoid covered with black scal...

Asarum: As'arum canaden'se, Asarum, Canada Snake-root, Wild Ginger, N.F. The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 5 p.c. of foreign organic matter, North America. Small plant with dividing stem; leave...

Asclepias Curassavica: Ascle'pias curassav'ica, Bastard Ipecac. -- C. And S. America; has short rootstock abruptly divided into many yellowish rootlets. ...

Asclepias Incarnata: Ascle'pias incarna'ta, Swamp Milkweed. -- The root (rhizome), U.S.P. 1820-1830, 1840-1850, 1870; Canada, United States. Perennial herb, smooth or pubescent, .6-1 M. (2-3 degrees) high, with 2 downy l...

Asclepias Syriaca: Ascle'pias syri'aca, Common Milkweed, Silkweed. -- The root (rhizome), U.S.P. 1820-1850, 1870; United States. Herb 1-1.5 M. (3-5 degrees) high, stout, pubescent, finely soft; leaves oblong, 10-20 Cm....

Asclepias Tuberosa: Ascle'pias tubero'sa, Asclepias, Pleurisy Root, N.F. -- Asclepiadaceae. The dried root with not more than 5 p.c. of foreign organic matter; United States, Canada. Perennial plant with numerous stems...

Aspidium. Aspidium. U.S.P.: Dryopteris Filix-mas, (Linne) Schott. The rhizome and stipes, yielding not less than 6.5 p.c. oleoresin, nor more than 3 p.c. acid-insoluble ash. Habitat. N. America, N. Asia, Europe, N. Africa. ...

Aspidosperma: Aspidosper'ma Quebra'cho-blan'co, Aspidosperma, Quebracho Bark. -- The dried bark with not more than 2 p.c. of wood or other foreign matter, U.S.P. 1890-1910; S. America, Argentine Republic, Chile. ...

Astragalus Gummifer. Tragacantha. Tragacanth, U.S.P.: Astragalus gummifer, Labrillardie're, or other Asiatic species. The dried gummy exudation. Habitat. W. Asia -- Asia Minor, Armenia, Kurdistan, Persia, Syria, Greece; mountainous districts. Syn...

Avena Sativa: Ave'na sati'va, Oat, N.F. -- The grain with not more than 5 p.c. of other seeds or of foreign organic matter; Asia, Europe. Plant .6-1.3 M. (2-4 degrees) high, culm smooth, leaves linear, veined, rou...

Baptisia: Baptis'ia tincto'ria, Baptisia, Wild (False) Indigo, N.F. -- The dried root with not more than 10 p.c. of stem-bases and overground parts nor 2 p.c. of other foreign organic matter; N. America. Plan...

Barosma. Buchu, Buchu, U.S.P.: Barosma betulina, (Thunberg) Bartling et Wendland crenulata, (Linne') Hooker serratifolia, (Curtis) Willdenow. The dried leaf with not more than 8 p.c. stems nor 2 p.c. other foreign organic matter. ...

Berberis (Mahonia): Ber'beris Aquifo'lium, Berberis, Oregon Grape Fruit, N.F. -- The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 5 p.c. of overground parts or other foreign organic matter -- rejecting pieces over 45 Mm. (...

Berberis: Berberis vulgaris B. vulga'ris (canaden'sis). -- The fruit, U.S.P. 1830; the bark of the root, 1860-1870. Spreading shrub, 1-2 M. (3-6 degrees) high, thorny branches, bark gray, wood yellow, leave...

Betula Alba: Bet'ula al'ba, White Birch. -- Betulaceae; Olcum Betulae Empyreumaticum, Rectificatum, Rectified Oil of Birch Tar, N.F. The pyroligneous oil obtained by dry distillation of the bark and wood, rectifi...

Boldus: Bol'du Bol'dus, Boldus, Boldo, Boldo Leaves, N.F. -- Monimiaceae. The dried leaf with not more than 2 p.c. of stems or other foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 6 p.c. of acid-insoluble as...

Boletus: P. (Bole'tus) fomenta'rius, Agaric of the Oak (Touch Wood). -- The fungus, U.S.P. 1830; Europe, on Quercus and Fagus species. It is formed by an additional layer of fibers each year; is collected Aug...

Boswellia: Boswel'lia Carte'rii, Olibanum, Frankincense. -- E. Africa, S. Arabia. This gum-resin exudes from incisions made in the bark; occurs in yellowish-brown tears covered with white dust; odor balsamic, t...

Brassica (Sinapis) Nigra. Sinapis Nigra. Black Mustard, U.S.P.: Brassica nigra, (Linne') Koch, juncea, (Linne') Cosson and related varieties. The dried ripe seed, with not more than 5 p.c. other seeds or other foreign organic matter, yielding not less than .6 p.c...

Brunfelsia: Brunfel'sia Hopea'na, Manaca, Mercurio Vegetal, N.F. -- The dried root; S. America, Amazon valley. A large shrub. Root nearly cylindrical, tortuous, variable length, 3 Cm. (1 1/5') thick, dark brown...

Bryonia: Bryo'nia al'ba or B. Dioi'ca, Bryonia, Bryony, N.F. -- The dried root with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter; C. and S. Europe. Perennial climbers, the former monoecious, the latter dioe...

Calendula: Calen'dula officina'lis, Calendula, Marigold, N.F. -- The dried ligulate-florets with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter; S. Europe, Levant, cultivated as ornament (flowers). Annual herb ...

Camphora. Camphor, U.S.P.: Cinnamomum Camphora, (Linne) Nees et Ebermaier. The dextrorotatory ketone (concrete violatile oil.) Habitat. China, Japan, Formosa. Tree cultivated in Italy as an ornament, and may yield profit...

Canarium: Cana'rium commu'ne, Manila Elemi, Elemi. -- Philippine Islands. The oleoresin exudes from incisions in the bark of a tall tree; it is soft, yellowish, granular crystalline, when cold friable; odor st...

Canella: Canel'la Wintera'na (al'ba), Canella, Canellae Cortex, White Cinnamon, N.F. -- Canellaceae. The dried rossed bark with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter; W. Indies. Tree 9-15 M. (30-50 ...

Cannabis. Cannabis, U.S.P.: Cannabis sativa, Linne. The dried flowering tops of pistillate plants with not more than10 p.c. fruits, large foliage leaves, stems over 3 Mm (1/8') thick, nor 2 p.c. other foreign organic matter, ...

Capsicum Annuum: Capsicum an'nuum (lon'gum). -- Fruit, U.S.P. 1820-1860;Fruit, 5-10 Cm. (2-4') long, 2.5-4 Cm. (1-1 3/5') thick, oblong, conical, sometimes curved or subglobular, yellow or red, brown when dry. Known...

Capsicum Frutescens. Capsicum. Capsicum, U.S.P.: Capsicum frutescens, Linne' The dried ripe fruit, grown in Africa, with not more than 3 p.c. stems, calyxes, nor 1 p.c. other foreign organic matter, yielding not less than 12 p.c. non-volatile, et...

Carica: Car'ica Papa'ya, Pawpaw, Melon Tree; Papayotin, Papain, Caricin. -- An albuminous ferment from the fruit; Tropical America. Tree 6 M. (20 degrees) high, stem 30 Cm. (12') thick, fruit approximates th...

Carthamus: Car'thamus tincto'rius, Safflower. -- The dried florets, U.S.P. 1820-1870, India, cultivated, in America, etc. Annual herb, .3-.6 M. (1-2 degrees) high, branched; leaves spinose; flowers orange-red, ...

Carum. Caraway, U.S.P.: Carum Carvi (Carui), Linne. (The dried ripe fruit, with not more than 3 p.c. of other fruits, seeds or foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 1.5 p.c. acid-insoluble ash.) Habitat. C. And...

Caryophyllus. Clove, U.S.P.: Caryophyllus aromaticus, Linne'. (The dried flower-buds with not more than 5 p.c. stems nor 1 p.c. other foreign organic matter, yielding not less than 15 p.c. volatile ether-soluble extractive nor m...

Cassia Fistula: C. Fis'tula, Purging Cassia, N.F. -- The dried fruit with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter; E. India, Egypt, nat. in S. America, W. Indies. Handsome tree, 9-15 M. (30-50 degrees) high; ...

Cassia Marylandica: C. Marylan'dica. -- Leaflets, U.S.P. 1820-1870; United States, New England to S. Carolina, west to the Mississippi. Plant 1-1.5 M. (3-5 degrees) high; leaves alternate, leaflets paripinnate, 8 pairs ...

Cassia Obovata: Cassia obova'ta. -- Leaflets, U.S.P. 1830-1860. This was the first senna known, being introduced by the Moors into Europe as early as the 9th century, where even in the 16th it became very largely cu...

Cassia Senna. Senna. Senna, U.S.P.: Cassia senna, (Linne'), angustifolia(Vahl). The dried leaflets, with not more than 10 p.c. of stems, nor 2 p.c. of pods or other foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 3 p.c. of acid-insolubl...

Castanea: Casta'nea denta'ta, Castanea, Chestnut Leaves, N. F. -- The dried leaves with not more than 5 p.c. of stems or other foreign organic matter; N. America, W. Asia, S. Europe. Stately tree, 24-30 M. (80...

Castanea Pumila: C. (Fagus) pu'mila, Castanea (Chinquapin). -- The bark, U.S.P. 1820-1850; Delaware-Mississippi. Shrub or small tree, 6-15 M. (20-50 degrees) high, 25-27.5 Cm (10-15') thick, largest being South; leav...

Caulophyllum: Caulophyl'lum thalictroi'des, Caulophyllum, Blue Cohosh, Papoose (Squaw) Root, N.F. -- The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 3 p.c. of foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 4 p.c. of...

Cetraria: Cetra'ria islan'dica, Iceland Moss. -- The dried plant, U.S.P. 1820-1890; N. hemisphere. Thallus 5-10 Cm. (2-4') long, foliaceous, fringed, and channeled lobes, brownish above, whitish beneath, apoth...

Ceylon Moss: Ceylon Moss. -- Indian Ocean. Mostly Sphaerococ'cus Lichenoi'des, 10 Cm. (4') long, 1.5 Mm. (1/16') thick, cylindrical, forked, filiform above; reddish--when dry whitish, brittle. ...

Chamaelirium: Chamaeli'rium lu'teum, Helonias, False Uniforn, N.F. -- The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 5 p.c. of foreign organic matter; N. America. Fragrant perennial herb; stem .3-.7 M. (12-18') hi...

Chelidonium: Chelido'nium ma'jus, Chelidonium, Celandine. -- The entire plant, collected when beginning to flower, U.S.P. 1880-1890; Europe, N. America. Perennial light green plant, .6 M. (2 degrees) high, emitti...

Chenopodium. Oleum Chenopodii. Oil of Chenopodium, U.S.P.: Chenopodium ambrosioides, var. Anthelminticum, Linne'. (A volatile oil distilled with steam from the fresh, overground parts of the flowering and fruiting plant yielding not less than 65 p.c. ascarid...

Chimaphila: Chimaph'ila umbella'ta, Chimaphila, Pipsissewa, Princes' Pine. -- The dried leaves with not more than 5 p.c. of stems or other foreign organic matter; N. America, Europe, Asia -- dry woods. Perennial...

Chionanthus: Chionan'thus virgin'ica, Chionanthus, Fringe Tree Bark, N.F. -- The dried root-bark with not more than 5 p.c. of wood and other foreign organic matter, yielding to 70 p.c. alcohol not less than 25 p.c...

Chondrodendron: Chondroden'dron tomento'sum, Parei'ra, Parei'ra Bra'va, N.F. -- The dried root with not more than 5 p.c. of stems nor 2 p.c. of other foreign organic matter; Brazil, near Rio Janeiro, Peru. Tall wood...

Chondrus: Chon'drus cris'pus or Gigarti'na mamillo'sa, Irish Moss, Carrageen, N.F. -- Gigartinaceae. The dried, bleached plants, with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter; Atlantic Ocean, New England...

Chrysanthemum: Chrysan'themum (Pyrethrum) ro'seum and C. Car'neum, Persian Pellitory -- Persian (Caucasian) Insect Powder; W. Asia, Persia. Perennial plants, resembling chamomile; flower-heads 4 Cm. (1 3/5') broad;...

Cichorium: Cicho'riium In'tybus, Chicory. -- Europe, naturalized in United States. Root with laticiferous vessels radiate, also is white, more woody, and has thinner bark than taraxacum. July collection contai...

Cimicifuga. Cimifuga, U.S.P.: Cimicifuga racemosa, (Linne') Nutfall. The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 2 p.c. stems or other foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 4 p.c. acid-insoluble ash. Habitat. Unit...

Cinnamomum. Cinnamon, U.S.P.: Cinnamomum Loureirii, Nees. The dried bark, yielding not less than 2 p.c. of volatile ether-soluble extractive. Habitat. Annam (Cochin China). Syn.Cinnam., Cinnamomum Saigonicum, Annam -- Chin...

Citrullus Colocynthis. Colocynthis. Colocynthe, U.S.P.: Citrullus colocynthis, (Linne) Schrader. The dried pulp of unripe but fully-grown fruit with not more than 5 p.c. seed nor 2 p.c. epicarp, yielding not more than 2 p.c. extractive (purified petroleum ...

Citrullus Citrullus: Citrul'lus Citrullus (vulgaris) -- Cucurbita (Cu'cumis) Citrullus, Watermelon Seed. -- S. Asia; cultivated. Fruit edible, very large; seed flat, ovate, 12 Mm (1/2') long, blackish, marbled, or orange...

Citrus Aurantium, Var. Amara. Aurantium. Orange. Aurantii Amari Cortex Bitter Orange Peel, U.S.P.: Oleum Aurantii Florum. Oil of (Neroli) Orange Flowers, N.F. Citrus aurantium, var. Amara, Linne'. 1. The dried rind of the unripe fruit. 2. The volatile oil distilled from the fresh flowers. ...

Citrus Aurantium Var. Bergamia: Citrus Aurantium, var. Bergam'ia, Bergamot; Oleum Bergamottae, Oil of Bergamot, N.F. -- The volatile oil obtained by expression from the rind of the fresh fruit with not less than 36 p.c. of ester, ca...

Citrus Aurantium, Var. Sinensis. Aurantii Dulcis Cortex. Sweet Orange Peel, U.S.P.: Citrus Aurantium, var. sinensis, Linne'. The fresh, outer rind of the ripe fruit. Habitat. Same as C. Aurantium (var. Amara). Syn.Aurant, Dulc. Cort., Curacao, Navel (Seedless) Orange, Forbidde...

Citrus Medica. Limonis Cortex. Lemon Peel, U.S.P.: Citrus medica, var. Limonum, (Risso) Hooker filius. The outer yellow rind of the fresh ripe fruit. Habitat. N. India; cultivated in subtropics, Mediterranean Basin, United States (California, F...

Citrus Medica: C. Med'ica, Citron. -- Small tree, but fruit very large, 20-22.5 Cm. (8-9') long, resembling pineapple in shape. The rind is popular as a dessert, essence in perfumery, and juice for similar purpo...

Coal Tar: Pix Carbonis, Coal Tar, Pix Lithanthracis, N.F. -- The tar obtained as a by-product in the destructive distillation of coal for illuminating gas. A nearly black, thick liquid or semi-solid, heavier...

Coffea Arabica. Caffea. Coffee.: Caffeina. Caffeine, CHONHO, U.S.P. Coffea arabica, Linne'and Thea sinensis, Linne'. A feebly basic substance (alkaloid) from the seeds of the former and leaves of the latter (Theaceae), also oc...

Cola Nitida: Cola ni'tida, Kola, Cola,N.F. -- The dried cotyledon of this or other species with not more than 1 p.c. of foreign organic matter, yielding not less than 1 p.c. of caffeine; W. Africa, W. Indies; cult...

Collinsonia: Collinso'nia canaden'sis, Stone-root, Horse-balm. -- N. America. Rhizome 10 Cm. (4') long, branches short, knotty, white inside, inodorous, taste bitter, nauseous; contains volatile oil, resin. Diap...

Commiphora. Myrra. Myrrah, U.S.P.: Commiphora Myrrha, (Nees) Baillon, or other species. A gum-resin yielding not less than 30 p.c. alcohol-soluble extractive, nor more than 4 p.c. acid-insoluble ash. Habitat. E. Africa, S. W. Arab...

Commophora Mukul: Commiphora Mu'kul, Indian Bdellium,and C. Aftrica'na, African Bdellium. -- Both occur in tears resembling myrrh, yellowish-brown, dusty, translucent, the former only slightly aromatic, not bitter, the...

Conium: Coni'um macula'tum, Conium, Poison Hemlock, N.F. -- The dried full-grown, but unripe fruit with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign fruits, seeds, or other foreign organic matter, yielding not less than ....

Convallaria: Convalla'ria maja'lis, Lily-of-the-Valley, Convallariae Radix, Convallaria Root, Lily-of-the-Valley Root, N.F. -- The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 5 p.c. of leaves or other foreign organ...

Convolvulus Mechoacanna: Consol'vulus Mechoan'na, Mechoacanna Root. -- Considered by some identical with Ipomaea pandurata; occurs in sections, light, whitish, mealy, contains little resin. Consolvulus Scammonia: a, bloomi...

Convolculus Scammonia: Convol'vulus Scammo'nia, Scam'mony, U.S.P. (resin) 1820-1900; (root) 1910; W. Asia, Syria, Greece. Perennial twining herb, 6-9 M. (20-30 degrees) long; leaves sagittate, bright green; flowers yellow,...

Copaiba, U.S.P.: Copaiba, Miller, one or more S. American species. An oleoresin. Habitat. Brazil (Venezuela, Colombia), Amazon valley, banks of the Orinoco River. Syn. Copaib., Balsam of Copaiba, Copaiva, Bals...

Coptis: Cop'tis trifo'lia, Coptis, Goldthread, N.F. -- The dried plant with not more than 3 p.c. of foreign organic matter; N. America, damp, mossy woods. Plant with scape 7.5-12.5 Cm. (3-5') high, leaves ra...

Oleum Coriandri. Oil Of Coriander, U.S.P.: Coriandrum. CORIANDRUM. CORIANDER, N.F. Coriandrum Sativum, Linne'. The volatile oil distilled from the dried ripe fruit. Habitat. C. Asia, S. Europe (Chine, Italy; cultivated in the United ...

Cornus. Cornus Florida: Cor'nus flor'ida, Cornus, Dogwood Bark, N.F., Cornaceae. -- The dried root-bark with not more than 5 p.c. of adhering wood nor 2 p.c. of other foreign organic matter; N. America. Small tree, 4.5-10.5...

Corsican Moss: Corsican Moss. -- Mediterranean. A mixture of 20-30 different algae species, mainly Sphoerococcus (Fucus) genus; these are yellowish-brown. Crocus sativus. Crocus: a, stigma, upper part magnified...

Crocus Sativus: Cro'cus sati'vus, Crocus, Saffron, N.F. -- The stigma with not more than 10 p.c. of yellow styles and 2 p.c. of other foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 7.5 p.c. of total ash; W. Asia, Spa...

Croton Eluteria: Croton Elute'ria, Cascarilla. -- The dried bark, U.S.P. 1820-1890; Bahama Islands. Plant 1.5-6 M. (5-20 degrees) high, stem, 2.5-20 Cm. (1-8;) thick, leaves 2.5-7.5 Cm. (1-3')long, ovate, lanceolate,...

Cucurbita Pepo. Pepo. Pepo, U.S.P.: Cucurbita pepo, Linne'. The dried ripe seed of cultivated varieties with not more than 5 p.c. broken or defective seeds, or foreign organic matter. Habitat. Tropical Asia, America; cultivated. ...

Cudbear: Roccel'la (tincto'ria) and Lecano'ra (tarta'rea) species, or other lichens; Persio, Cudbear, N.F. -- Parmeliaceae. A purplish-red powder prepared from these lichens, yielding 12 p.c. ash; Holland. M...

Curcuma Longa: Cur'cuma Zedoa'ria, Zedoaria, Zedoary, N.F. -- The dried rhizome with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter; India, largely cultivated. Perennial reed-like plant. Rhizome (tuber) occurs as ...

Cusparia: Cuspa'ria Angostu'ra, (Galipe'a Cusparia (officina'lis)), Angustura (Bark); Cuspariae Cortex, Cusparia Bark. The bark, U.S.P. 1820-1870; Northern South America. Tree 4.5-6 M. (15-20 degrees) high, l...

Cydonia (pyrus) Cydonia.: Cydo'nia (Py'rus) Cydonia, Quince. -- Pomaceae. The seed; U.S.P. 1850-1880; W. Asia. Tree 2.5-6 M. (8-20 degrees) high, with crooked, straggling branches; leaves like pear leaves; flowers white or p...

Cytisus: Cyt'sus Scopa'rius, Scoparius, Broom Tops, N.F. -- The dried tops with not more than 5 p.c. of stems over 3 Mm. (1/8') thick nor 2 p.c. of other foreign organic matter; W. Asia, S. Europe, United Stat...

Daemonorops Draco: Daemon'orops (Cal'amus) Dra'co, Draconis Resina (Dragon's Blood). -- Borneo, Sumatra. A spontaneous resinous exudation from the ripening fruit; occurs in tears, globular pieces 4 Cm. (1 3/5') thick, ...

Dammar: Ag'athis loranthifo'lia (Dam'mara), Dammar. -- E. India. A spontaneous resinous exudation, in transparent, straw-colored rounded masses, almost odorless, and tasteless, fracture conchoidal; contains ...

Daphne. Daphne Merzereum: Daph'ne Meze'reum, D. Gnid'ium, or D. Laure'ola, Mezereum, Mezereon, N.F. -- Thymelaeaceae. The dried bark from aerial portions with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter; Europe, Siberia, N...

Datura. Stramonium. Stramonium, U.S.P.: Datura Stramonium, Linne'. The dried leaves and flowering tops, with not more than 3 p.c. stems over 8 Mm. (1/3') thick, nor 4 p.c. acid-insoluble ash, yielding not less than .25 p.c. alkaloids H...

Daucus: Dau'cus Caro'ta, Carrot (Seed). -- The fruit, U.S.P. 1820-1870; N. Asia, Europe; biennial herb, .6-1 M. (2-3 degrees) high, hispid; flowers July-Sept., white, root fleshy, fusiform, aromatic, edible; ...

Delphinium: Delphin'ium Aja'cis, Delphinium, Larkspur Seed. N.F. -- The dried ripe seed with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign seeds or other foreign organic matter; S. Europe, cultivated as ornament, naturalized i...

Dicentra: Dicen'tra Canaden'sis or D. Cuculla'ria, Corydalis, Turkey (Squirrel) Corn, N.F. -- The dried tubers with not more than 3 p.c. of foreign organic matter; N. America, Canada to Ky. Low glaucous perenn...

Dioscorea: Dioscore'a villo'sa, Dioscorea, Wild Yam Root, Colic (Rheumatism) Root, N.F. -- Dioscoreaceae. The dried rhizome with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter; United States; moist thickets. S...

Diospyros: Dios'pyros virginia'na, Persimmon. -- Ebenaceae. The unripe fruit dried, U.S.P. 1820-1870; United States. Tree, 6-21 M. (20-70 degrees) high, much smaller northward; wood hard, blackish; leaves 7.5-...

Dipteryx Odorata: Coumarou'na (Dip'teryx) odora'ta, Tonka Bean; Coumarinum, Coumarin, N.F. -- The anhydride of ortho-oxycinnamic acid occurring naturally in this plant, also in Melilo'tus officina'lis and others, or pr...

Dorema Ammoniacum: Dore'ma Ammoni'acum, Ammoniacum, Ammoniac -- The gum-resin, U.S.P., 1820-1890; E. Persia, Turkestan. Plant of striking appearance, dying after flowering; stem 1.6-2 M. (5-7 degrees) high, greenish, j...

Dorstenia: Dorste'nia Contrayer'va, Contrayerva. -- The root, U.S.P. 1820-1850; W. Indies, C. And S. America. Acaulescent perennial; leaves lobed, radical, 10 Cm. (4') long; flowers staminate and pistillate, fr...

Drimys. Drimys Winteri: Dri'mys Win'teri (Win'tera aroma'tica). -- The bark, U.S.P. 1820-1860; S. America; small tree; leaves coriaceous; flowers white; fruit black berries, 4-8; bark in quills or curves, 2.5-8 Mm. 1/10-1/3'...

Drimys (Coto): Coto Bark. -- Bolivia. May be from Dri-mys Win'teri var. grana-ten'sis. In flat or curved pieces 12 Mm. (1/2') thick, cinnamon color and odor, taste pungent, bitter; contains cotoin, CHO, hydrocotoi...

Drosera: Dro'sera rotundifo'lia, or D. An'glica and D. Lonifo'lia, Drosera, Sundew, N.F. -- Droseraceae. The air-dried flowering plant of the former, frequently mixed with the two latter closely allied specie...

Duboisia: Duboi'sia myoporoi'des. -- Australia. Small tree having properties similar to those of belladonna and hyoscyamus; leaves 7.5-10 Cm. (3-4') long, 12-25 Mm. (1/2-1') broad, petiolate, midrib prominent,...

Dulse: Dulse (Halyme'nia Fucus) palma'tus and H. E'ulis). -- Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts; blood-red--when dry dark purple, fronds flat. ...

Ecballium. Squirting Cucumber.: Elaterinum. Elaterin, CHO, U.S.P. Ecballium Elaterium, (Linne') A. Richard. A substance obtained from the juice of the fruit. Habitat. W. Asia, N. Africa, S. Europe -- Mediterranean Basin, dr...

Echinacea: Brauner'ia pal'lida, or B. Angustifu'lia, Echinacea, Pale purple Cone-flower, N.F. -- The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 3 p.c. of foreign organic matter; S. United States -- Kansas. Pere...

Elettaria. Cardamomi Semen. Cardamom Seed, U.S.P.: Elettaria Cardamomum, Maton. The dried ripe seed, recently removed from the capsules, yielding not more than 5 p.c., acid-insoluble ash. Habitat. Malabar, cultivated. India, Mountains, 750-1,50...

Empleurum: Empleu'rum serrula'tum. -- Leaves sometimes mixed with buchu, occasionally constituting the main bulk; may be distinguished by their acrid taste, peculiar odor -- differing from buchu -- longer, narro...

Ergota. Ergot, U.S.P.: Claviceps purpurea, (Fries) Tulasne. The dried sclerotium, developed on rye plants with not more than 5 p.c. seeds, fruits, or other foreign organic matter. Habitat. Eastern countries, Russia; cu...

Erigeron. Canada Fleabane. Horseweed. Fireweed: Erig'eron canaden'sis, Canada Fleabane, Horseweed, Fireweed. -- The herb, U.S.P. 1820-1870; the volatile oil distilled from the fresh flowering herb, U.S.P. 1860-1900; N. America, fields, waste places...

Eriodictyon. Eriodictyon, U.S.P.: Eriodictyon californicum, (Hooker et Arnolt) Bentham et Torrey. The dried leaf with not more than 5 p.c. stems nor 2 p.c. other foreign organic matter. Habitat. California, Northern Mexico; dry h...

Eryngium: Eryn'gium aquat'icum (yuccaefo'lium), Button Snakeroot. -- The root, U.S.P. 1820-1860; United States. Plant .6-1.8 M. (2-6 degrees) high, leaves rigid, pointed, .3-1 M. (1-3 degrees) long, bristly; f...

Erythraea: Erythrae'a Centau'rium, Centaurium, Centaury, N.F. -- The dried flowering herb with not more than 3 p.c. of foreign organic matter; C. and S. Europe. Plant glabrous, 15-50 Cm. (6-20') high, branched,...

Erythronium: Erythro'nium america'num, Yellow Adder's- Tongue. -- The root and herb, U.S.P. 1820-1850; United States. Perennial herb, scape 15.-22.5 Cm. (6-9') high, slender, leaves 2, pale green, equal length 12...

Erythroxylon. Coca. Coca: Cocaina Cocaine, U.S.P. Erythroxylon Coca, Lamarck, and other species. An alkaloid obtained from the leaves. Habitat. Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador--eastern slopes of the Andes (Colombia, Brazil, Ind...

Eucalyptus. Eucalyptus, U.S.P.: Eucalyptus globulus, Labillardiere. The dried scythe-shaped leaf, with not more than 3 p.c. of of stems, fruits, or other foreign organic matter. Habitat. Australia (Tasmania, Victoria); cultivat...

Eugenia: Eugenia Jambola'na, Jambul, Java Plum. -- E. Indies. Large tree producing edible fruit; all parts astringent, but seed and bark also arrest formation of sugar in diabetes; seed 1.2 Cm. (1/2') long, a...

Euonymus: Euon'ymus atropurpu'reus, Euonymus, Wahoo Bark, N.F. -- Celastraceae. The dried bark of the root with not more than 5 p.c. of adhering wood, nor 2 p.c. of other foreign organic matter, yielding not m...

Eupatorium: Eupato'rium perfolia'tum, Eupatorium, Thoroughwort, Boneset, N.F. -- The dried leaves and flowering tops with not more than 10 p.c. of stems nor 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter; N. America, swamps, m...

Euphorbia. Euphorbia Pilulifera. Pill Bearing Spurge: Euphor'bia hir'ta, Euphorbia, Euphorbia Pilulif'era, Pill Bearing Spurge, N.F. -- The dried herb with not more than 5 p.c. of foreign organic matter, nor yielding more than 3 p.c. of acid-insoluble as...

Euphorbia. Euphorbia Corollata. Blooming Spurge. Flowering Spurge: Euphor'bia corolla'ta, Flowering (Blooming) Spurge. -- The root U.S.P. 1820-1870; S. United States. Perennial herb, .6-1 M. (2-3 degrees) high; leaves lanceolate; flowers umbels, 5- (3-7-) forked, wh...

Euphorbia Ipecacuanhae.: E. Ipecacuan'hae, Ipecac Spurge, Wild Ipecac. -- The root, U.S.P. 1820-1870; United States. Plant resembles preceding, being a green or purple perennial, 12.5-25 Cm. (5-10') high, stem forked from th...

Fabiana: Fabia'na imbrica'ta, Pichi. -- Peru, Chile. Plant 1.5-2 M. (5-6 degrees) high, growing on rocky hill-tops, resembling somewhat the pines; the woody branches are used, being resinous, with aromatic od...

Fagus: Fa'gus america'na (ferrugin'ea), American Beech. -- Tree, 22.5-30 M. (75-100 degrees) high; bark and leaves used, the latter oblong-ovate, taper pointed, dentate, petioles and midrib soon (nearly) nak...

Ferula Asafoetida. Asafoetida. Asafetida, U.S.P.: Ferula asafoetida, Linne, foetida, Regal, and other species. The gum-resin obtained by incising the living rhizomes and roots, yielding not less than 50 p.c. alcohol-soluble extractive, and not more ...

Ferula Galbaniflua: F. Galbanif'lua, Galbanum. -- The gum-resin, U.S.P. 1820-1880: N. Persia. Plant 1.3-1.6 M. (4-5 degrees) high, 2.5 Cm. (1') thick, solid, striate, leaves radical and cauline; flowers yellow; fruit 12...

Ferula Sumbul: Ferula Sum'bul, Sumbul, Musk-root, N.F. -- The dried rhizome and roots of this, or other closely related species possessing a characteristic musk-like odor, with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organi...

Ficus: Fi'cus Car'ica, Ficus, Fig, N.F. -- The clean, sound, partially dried fruit; W. Asia, cult. In S. Europe, California. Tree, 4.5-7.5 M. (15-25 degrees) high, 10-20 Cm. (4-8') thick, many spreading bra...

Flemingia: Flemin'gia rhodocar'pa, Wars, Wurrus (Ar. For saffron); E. Africa. Cylindrical glands and long hairs of the fruit--a deep purple powder, coarser than but used instead of kamala; turns black in water,...

Oleum Foeniculi. Oil Of Fennel, U.S.P. Foeniculum. Foeniculum. Fennel, N.F.: Foeniculum vulgare, Miller. The volatile oil distilled from the dried ripe fruit. Habitat. S. Europe, W. Asia; cultivated. Syn. Foenic., Fennel Seed (Fruit), Large, Giant, Sweet or Wild Fenne...

Frasera: Frase'ra carolinen'sis (Walte'ri), American Colombo. -- The root, U.S.P. 1820-1870; United States. Perennial herb, 1-2.5 M. (3-8 degrees) high, dark purple stem 2.5-5 Cm. (1-2') thick; leaves in whor...

Fraxinus Americana: Fraxinus america'na, Fraxinum, White Ash Bark. -- United States; tree 18-24 M. (60-80 degrees) high, durable, tough wood, 5-9 ovate, acuminate leaflets, terete fruit, 2.5-5 Cm. (1-2') long, abruptly d...

Fraxinus Ornus. Manna. Manna, U.S.P.: Fraxinus ornus, Linne'. The dried exudation yielding not less than 75 p.c. of anhydrous alcohol-soluble extractive, when extracted with boiling 90 p.c. alcohol. Habitat. Mediterranean Basin, Asia...

Fucus: Fu'cus vesiculo'sus, F. serra'tus, F. nodo'sus, or F. siliquo'sus, Fucus Bladderwrack, N.F. -- The dried thallus with not more than 3 p.c. of foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 4 p.c. of a...

Galega: Gale'ga officina'lis, Galega, European Goat's Rue, N.F. -- The dried flowering herb with no stems over 4 Mm. (1/6') thick or more than 3 p.c. of foreign organic matter; S. Europe. Small perennial; st...

Garcinia. Cambogia. Gamboge, U.S.P.: Garcinia Hanburyi, Hooker filius. The gum-resin with not more than 1 p.c. foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 1 p.c. acid-insoluble ash, nor less than 65 p.c. alcohol-soluble extractive. ...

Gaultheria. Gaultheria. Gaultheria. Methylis Salicylas. Methyl Salicylate, U.S.P.: Gaultheria procumbens, Linne', or Betula lenta, Linne'. An ester (compound ether) obtained by distilling leaves of the former, or bark of the latter, and produced synthetically. Habitat. N. Ameri...

Gelsemium: Gelse'mium semper'virens, Gelsemium, Yellow Jasmine (Root), N.F.--The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter; United States, Va. to Fla. Beautiful woody climber; ...

Gentiana. Gentian, U.S.P.: Gentiana lutea, Linne'. The dried rhizome and roots, yielding not less than 30 p.c. of water-soluble extractive. Habitat. C. And S. Europe (France, Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Portugal, Englan...

Geranium: Gera'anium macula'tum, Geranium, Cranesbill, N.F. -- Geraniaceae. The dried rhizome with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter; N. America, rich woods, thickets. Perennial, hairy herb, .3-....

Geum: Ge'um riva'le, Purple (Water) Avens. -- The rhizome, U.S.P. 1820-1870; N. America. Perennial plant .3-.6 M. (1-2 degrees) high, stem purple; leaves 3-foliate or 3-lobed; flowers purplish-orange. Rhi...

Gillenia: Porteran'thus stipula'tus (Gille'nia stipula'cea), Indian Physic, and P. Trifolia'tus (G. Trifolia'ta), American Ipecac. -- The root, U.S.P. 1820-1870; United States; shrubs .6-1 M. (2-3 degrees) high...

Glaucium: Glau'cium Glaucium (lu'teum), Yellow Horned Poppy, and G. cornicula'tum. -- Both are similar to chelidonium; contain yellow juice and nearly identical alkaloids, hence used for about the same purposes...

Glycine: Glyc'ine (So'ja) his'pida, Soja Bean. -- Japan, cultivated S. Asia; contains casein 40 p.c., fixed oil 15-20 p.c., dextrin 10, starch 5, cellulose 5, water 10, amylolytic ferment. Owing to the beans ...

Glycyrrhiza. Glycyrrhiza, U.S.P.: Glycyrrhiza glabra, Linne' + var. typica, Regel et Herder, glandulifera, Regal et Herder, or other varieties yielding a yellow sweet wood. The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 2.5 p.c. of a...

Gnaphallium: Gnapha'lium obtusifo'lium (polyceph'alum), Common, Sweet, or Fragrant Life Everlasting. -- Annual erect herb, .3-1 M. (1-3 degrees) high, woolly, fragrant; leaves lanceolate, undulate, sessile, flower...

Gossypium. Gossypium. Cotton.: 1. Gossypium Purificatum. Purified Cotton, U.S.P. 2. Oleum Gossypii Seminis Cottonseed Oil, U.S.P. Gossypium herbaceum, Linne', or other species. 1. The hairs of the seed of cultivated vari...

Grindelia: Grindelia campo'rum,or G. Cuneifo'lia, G. Squarro'sa, Grindelia, Gum-plant, N.F. -- The dried leaves and flowering tops with not more than 10 p.c. of stems over 2 Mm. (1/12') thick, or 2 p.c. of other...

Guaiacum: Guai'acum officina'le or G. Sanc'tum, Guaiac, Guaiac Resin, N.F. -- Zygophyllaceae. The resin of the wood, yielding not more than 15 p.c. of residue insoluble in alcohol; W. Indies, S. America. Smal...

Guarea: Gua'rea (Sycocar'pus) Rus'byi, Cocillana, N.F. -- Meliaceae. The dried bark with not more than 5 p.c. of wood or other foreign organic matter; Bolivia -- river-bottoms. Tree resembles a large apple ...

Haematoxylon: Haematox'ylon campechia'num, Hematoxylon, Logwood, N.F. -- The heartwood with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter. C. America, nat. In W. Indies. Spreading tree, 7.5-12 M. (25-40 degrees)...

Hagenia: Hage'nia abyssin'ica, Brayera, Kousso, Cusso, N.F. -- The dried panicle of the pistillate flowers with not more than 10 p.c. of staminate flowers or other foreign organic matter, yielding not more tha...

Hamamelis: Hamame'lis virginia'na; Hamamelidis Folia, Hamamelis Leaves, Witch Hazel Leaves, N.F. -- The dried leaves with not more than 5 p.c. of stems nor 2 p.c. of other foreign organic matter; N.America, thic...

Hedeoma: Hedeo'ma pulegioi'des, (American) Pennyroyal. -- The dried leaves and flowering tops, U.S.P. 1830-1900; N. America, sandy fields, hills, open woods, scenting the atmosphere. Annual herb; stem 25-37.5...

Helianthemum: Helian'themum canaden'se, Helianthemum, Rock-rose, Frost-wort (-weed), U.S.P. 1850-1870. -- Cistaceae. The dried herb; N. America. Hoary perennial. 15-45 Cm. (6-18') high, terete, reddish; leaves 1...

Helleborus: Helleb'orus ni'ger, Black Hellebore. -- The dried rhizome and roots, U.S.P. 1820-1870; C. and S. Europe, mountains. Acaulescent perennial, leaves evergreen, 7-9-lobed, flowers rose-like. Rhizome kno...

Hepatica: Hepat'ica Hepatica (tri'loba), Noble Liverwort. -- The leaves, U.S.P. 1820-1870, N. America, Europe. One of our earliest harbingers of spring; acaulescent perennial, flowers, April, bluish, leaves re...

Heracleum: Heracle'um lana'tum, Cow-parsnip, Masterwort. -- The root, U.S.P. 1820-1850; United States. Plant 1.5-3 M. (5-10 degrees) high, 2.5-4 Cm. (1-1 3/5') thick, pubescent, hollow; root resembles parsley, ...

Heuchera: Heu'chera america'na, Alum Root. -- The rhizome, U.S.P. 1820-1870; United States. Plant viscid, pubescent, .6-1.3 M. (2-4 degrees) high; leaves 5-7.5 Cm. (2-3') wide, crenate; flowers purplish-white;...

Hevea: Heve'a (brasilien'sis and H. Guianen'sis), Elastica, Rubber. -- The prepared milk-juice, U.S.P. 1890-1900; S. America, east of Andes, India, near streams. Large trees, smooth straight trunks, 15-18 M...

Humulus: Hu'mulus Lu'pulus, Humulus, Hop, N.F. -- The carefully dried strobile bearing its glandular trichomes with not more than 2 p.c. of stems, leaves, or other foreign matter, yielding not more than 5 p.c....

Hydrangea: Hydran'gea arbores'cens, Hydrangea, Seven-barks, N.F. -- Saxifragaceae. The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 3 p.c. of foreign organic matter; N. America, on rocky banks near streams: .3-2....

Hydrastis. Hydrastis, U.S.P.: Hydrastis canadensis, Linne'. The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 2 p.c. stems and leaves, nor 2 p.c. other foreign organic matter, yielding not less than 2.5 p.c. ether-soluble alkaloids,...

Hyssopus: Hysso'pus officiana'lis, Hyssop. -- S. Europe. Plant .3 M. (1 0) high, stem square, leaves 2.5 Cm. (1') long, punctate on both sides, flowers purplish-blue, stamens 4, exserted; contains volatile oil ...

Ilex Paraguensis: I. paraguensis (paraguaynensis), Mate Paraguay Tea. -- Brazil. Leaves contain caffeine .2-1.6 p. c., tannin 10-16 p. c., volatile oil, stearoptene, wax, glucoside, proteins 5 p. c., ash 4-8 p. c. ...

Illicium: Illicium verum, Star Anise. -- The fruit, U.S.P. 1880-1890; N. Annam, S. W. China (mountains). Small tree, 3-6 M. (10-20') high, branched; leaves evergreen, lanceolate, pointed, entire, pellucid-punet...

Inula: Inula Helenium, Inula Elecampane, N.F. -- The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 5 p. c. of stem-bases nor 2 p. c. of other foreign organic matter; C. and S. Europe, C. Asia. Perennial herb 1-...

Ipomoea Orizabensis. Ipomoea. Ipomea, U.S.P.: Ipomoea orizabensis, Ledenois. The dried root, yielding not less than 15 p.c. total resins nor more than 3 p.c. acid-insoluble ash. Habitat. Mexico -- eastern slopes of Mexican Andes, rainy atmos...

Ipomea Purga. Jalapa. Jalap, U.S.P.: Exogonium Jalapa, (Nuttall et Coxe) Baillon. The dried tuberous root, yielding not less than 7 p.c. of the total resins. Habitat. E. Mexico, in damp, rich, shady woods; cultivated in India. Sy...

Iris Versicolor. Blue Flag: I'ris versic'olor, Blue Flag, N.F. -- Iridaceae. The dried rhizome with not more than 5 p.c. of roots and leaf bases or other foreign organic matter; N. America; swampy places. Perennial herb, .6-1 ...

Iris Versicolor. Iris Florentina. I. Germanica. I. Pallida. Orris (Florentine). Orris Root: Iris florenti'na or I. German'ica, or I. Pal'lida, Orris (Florentine), Orris Root, N.F. -- The rhizome with not more than 1 p.c. of foreign organic matter. N. Italy (near Florence), Germany, France. ...

Jateorhiza. Calumba. Calumba, U.S.P.: Jateorhiza palmata, (Lamarck) Miers. The dried root yielding not more than 2.5 p.c. of acid-insoluble ash. Habitat. E. Africa, Madagascar (Mozambique and Quilimane forets, along the lower Zambes...

Jateorhiza Calumba: Jateorhiza Calumba. -- About the same as the official, possibly having a variety difference in that the basal lobes of leaves are rounded but do not overlap, and male inflorescence is hispid. In the ...

Juglans. English Walnut. Butternut Bark: Ju'glans cine'rea, Juglans, Butternut Bark, N.F. -- Juglandaceae. -- The dried inner bark of the root, with not more than 2 p.c. of adhering wood or other foreign organic matter; United States, Canada...

Juniperus Communis. Juniperus. Juniper Berry, N.F. Oleum Juniperi. Oil Of Juniper, U.S.P.: Juniperus communis, Linne'. A volatile oil distilled from the dried ripe fruit. Habitat. N. America (Canada, N. United States), Asia, Europe, N. Africa; dry woods, hills. Syn. Juniper Bush, ...

Oleum Cadinum. Oil. Of Cade, U..S.P.: Juniperus oxycedrus, Linne'. An empyreumatic volatile oil obtained from the wood. Habitat. S. Europe, Spain. Syn. Prickly (Spanish, Berry-bearing) Cedar, Large Brown-fruited Juniper; Ol. Cadi...

Juniperus Sabina: Juniperus Sabi'na, Savin, Shrubby Red Cedar. -- The tops, U.S.P. 1820-1900; Europe, Siberia, N. America, rocky banks, mountains. Evergreen shrub, procumbent or erect, 1-4.5 M. (3-15 degrees) high, br...

Kalmia: Kal'mia latifo'lia, Mountain Laurel, Calico-bush. -- About 1.8-9 M. (6-30 degrees) high; flowers inodorous, May-June; leaves evergreen, elliptical; contains tannin, arbutin, resin, andromedotoxin, C31...

Krameria. Krameria, U.S.P.: Krameria, triandra, Ruiz et Pavon; argentea, Martius. The dried root. Habitat. 1. Peru, Bolivia. 2. Brazil (in sandy localities of the mountains, elevation 925- 2465 M. (3,000-8,000 degrees)). ...

Lactuca: Lactu'ca viro'sa, Lactucarium, Wild Lettuce. -- The dried milk-juice, U.S.P. 1820-1910; C. and S. Europe. Biennial herb .6-2 M. (2-6 degrees) high, glabrous, green, often purple spotted; leaves runci...

Laurus: Lau'rus no'bilis, Laurel, Sweet Bay. -- The leaves and fruit; Mediterranean Basin. Leaves 5-10 Cm. (2-4') long, pellucid-punctate, smooth, aromatic, astringent; fruit (bayberries) oval drupes 12 Mm. ...

Lavandula. Lavender. Oleum Lavandulae. Oil Of Lavender, U.S.P.: Lavandula spica, Linne'. A volatile oil distilled from the fresh flowering tops, yielding not less than 30 p.c. esteres, calculated as linalyl acetate. Habitat. S. Europe (France, Italy, Spain), N...

Limonium: Limo'nium carolinia'num (Stat'ice Limo'nium var. Carolinia'na), Marsh Rosemary. -- Plumbaginaceae. The root, U.S.P. 1830-1870; N. America. Plant a maritime perennial, acaulescent; leaves 2.5-4 Cm. (...

Lindera: Ben'zoin (Lin'dera) Benzoin, Spice or Benjamin Bush. -- N. America, damp woods. Shrub 2-4.5 M.( 6-15) degrees) high, smooth; bark mostly used, berries and leaves to some extent; tonic, aromatic stimu...

Linum. Linseed, U.S.P.: Linum usitatissimum, Linne'. The dried ripe seed with not more than 2 p.c. other seeds or foreign organic matter, yielding not less than 30 p.c. non-volatile, ether-soluble extractive -- 98 p.c. bei...

Liquidambar. Styrax. Storax, U.S.P.: Liquidambar orientalis, Miller, Styraciflua, Linne'. A balsam obtained from the trunk. Habitat. 1. Asia Minor -- Southwestern portion near coast, forming entire forests; 2. United States -- Atl...

Liriodendron: Lirioden'dron Tulipif'era, Tulip-tree. -- The bark, U.S.P. 1820-1870; United States, China; tree 18-45 M. (60-150 degrees) high; flowers yellowish; fruit cone, 7.5 Cm. (3') long. Bark in quills or cu...

Lobelia Inflata. Lobelia. Lobelia, U.S.P.: Lobelia inflata, Linne'. The dried leaves and tops with not more than 10 p.c. stems,nor 2 p.c. other foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 5 p.c. acid-insoluble ash. Habitat. N. America ...

Lophophora: Lophoph'ora (Anhalo'nium) William'sii (Lewinii), Mescal(e) Buttons; Mexico. -- This small succulent cactus yields the mescal buttons (upper layer of turnip-shaped stem, consisting of ovoid tubercles, ...

Luffa: Luf'fa Luffa (aegypti'aca), Egypt, and L. Opercula'ta, Brazil, Vegetable Sponge, Wash-rag Sponge, Gourd Towel. Cu'cumis myriocar'pus; S. Africa.--These produce analogous fruits, which have similar ac...

Lycium: Lyc'ium vulga're. -- United States, Europe; L. Af'rum, N. Africa, and L. Umbro'sum, S. America; leaves of all in infusion good for erysipelas and skin diseases. ...

Lycopodium. Lycopodium, U.S.P.: Lycopodium clavatum, Linne'. The spores. Habitat. Europe, Asia, N. America, in dry woods Syn. Lycopod., Club Moss, Clubfoot Moss, Running Moss, Snake (Staghorn) Moss, Ground (Running) Pine,...

Lycopus: Ly'copus virgin'icus, Bugle Weed. -- The herb, U.S.P. 1830-1870; N. America. Plant has smooth, obtusely quadrangular stem, 15-60 Cm. (6-24') high; leaves 5 Cm. (2') long, elliptic, glandular; flowers...

Magnolia: Magno'lia virginia'na (glau'ca), M. Acumina'ta and M. Tripet'ala. -- Magnoliaceae. The bark, U.S.P. 1820-1880; United States; trees 6-28 M. (20-90 degrees) high; flowers white, fragrant; fruit cones;...

Mallotus Philippinensis: Mallo'tus philippinen'sis, Kamala, Rottlera. -- The glands and hairs from the capsules, U.S.P. 1860-1890; Philippine Islands, India, China. Small tree, 6 M. (20 degrees) high; bark pale, branches wit...

Malus: Ma'lus (Pyrus) Malus, Apple; Succus Pomorum, Fresh Apple Juice, N.F. -- The freshly expressed juice of sound, ripe, sour apples, the fruit of cultivated varieties. Plant resembles quince; fruit edibl...

Malva: Mal'va sylves'tris and M. Rotundifo'lia, Malvae Folia, (High and Low) Mallow Leaves, N.F. -- The dried leaves with not more than 10 p.c. of other parts of the plants, nor 5 p.c. of foreign organic mat...

Mandragora: Mandrag'ora officina'lis (Atropa mandragora), together with var. autumna'lis, having blue flowers, and var. verna'lis, white flowers; S. Europe -- all are acaulescent plants, having constituents simil...

Marrubium: Marru'bium vulga're, (White, Common) Horehound. -- The dried leaves and flowering toops, U.S.P. 1820-1900; Europe, C. Asia, N. America, cultivated in waste places, gardens, etc. Perennial herb .3-.6 ...

Marsdenia: Marsde'nia (Gonol'obus) Conduran'go, Condurango, N.F. -- The dried bark with not more than 2 p.c. of wood or other foreign organic matter; Ecuador. Climbing vine, 3-9 M. (10-30 degrees) high. Bark (...

Matricaria: Matrica'ria Chamomil'la, Matricaria, German Chamomile, N.F. -- The dried flower-head with not more than 5 p.c. of stems or other foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 4 p.c. of acid-insoluble...

Oleum Cajuputi. Oil Of Cajuput, U.S.P. Melaleuca. Cajuputum. Cajuput.: Melaleuca Leucadendron, Linne' var. Cajeputi, var. minor, +. The volatile oil distilled from the fresh leaves and twigs, and rectified by steam (distillation.) Habitat. E. India Islands, Celebes,...

Melia: Me'lia Azed'arach, Margosa Bark, Pride of India. -- The bark of the root, U.S.P. 1820-1880; China, India, cultivated, S. United States. Beautiful tree 9-12 M. (30-40 degrees) high, leaves imparipinna...

Melilotus: Melilo'tus officina'lis, Melilotus, (Yellow) Melilot, Yellow Sweet Clover, N.F. -- The dried leaf and flowering top with not more than 3 p.c. of stems over 3 Mm. (1/8') thick or other foreign organic ...

Melissa: Melis'sa officina'lis, Melissa, Balm.--The leaves and tops, U.S.P. 1840-1890; sia Minor, S. Europe. Perennial herb with fragrance of lemons, growing in waste places; stems several, quadrangular, .3-1...

Menispermum: Menisper'mum canaden'se, Yellow Parilla, Canadian Moonseed. -- The rhizome and roots U.S.P. 1880-1890; N. America (Canada to S. Carolina). Perennial climber, 2.5-3.5 M. (8-12 degrees) long; stem roun...

Mentha Crispa: Metha cris'pa, Crisped-leaved, Cross or Curled Mint. -- This is the cultivated form of M. Spicata (viridis), known also as M. aquat'ica var. crispa, leaves pubescent, cordate pointed, crisped; M. Sati...

Mentha Piperita. Peppermint, U.S.P.: Mentha piperita, Linne'. The dried leaves and tops with not mor than 2 p.c. of stems over 3 Mm. (1/8') thick, or other foreign organic matter. Habitat. Asia, Europe, N. America; wild in low groun...

Mentha Spicata. Mentha Viridis. Spearmint, U.S.P.: Mentha spicata, Linne', Mentha viridis, Linne'. The dried leaves and tops with not more than than 2 p.c. of stems over 3 Mm. (1/8') thick, or other foreign organic matter. Habitat. England, wild ...

Menyanthes: Menyan'thes trifolia'ta, Buckbean, Bogbean, Water Shamrock. -- The root (rhizome), U.S.P. 1820-1830; dried leaves; United States. Perennial herb, 2.5-3.7 M. (8-12 degrees) high; rhizome 1-2.5 Cm. (2/...

Mitchella: Mitchel'la re'pens, Mitchella, Squaw Vine, Partridge-berry, N.F. -- The dried plant with not more than 5 p.c. of foreign organic matter; N. America. Creeping evergreen of the woods, reaching .3-.6 M....

Momordica: Momor'dica Balsam'ina, Balsam Apple, E. India.--Climbing plant, also cultivated in gardens throughout the United States for its yellow cucumber-like fruit. This is soaked in whisky and used domestica...

Monarda: Monar'da puncta'ta, Horse-mint. -- The leaves and tops, U.S.P. 1820-1870; United States. Perennial, .6-1 M. (2-3 degrees) high, stem branched, downy, leaves 5-7.5 Cm. (2-3') long, lanceolate, serrat...

Morus Rubra: Mo'rus ru'bra, Red Mulberry. -- N. America. Fruit in dense spikes with coalesced perianths, 2.5 Cm. (1') long, dark purple, fleshy; contains sugar 10 p.c., pectin, citrates, malates; refrigerant, fla...

Mucuna: Mucu'na pru'riens, Cowhage, Cowitch. -- Hairs of the pods, U.S.P. 1840-1870; E. and W. Indies. Climbing plant, flowers resemble those of the pea, purple; leaflets hairy; pods coriaceous, shape of ita...

Myrica: Myri'ca cerif'era, or M. Carolinen'sis, Myrica, Bayberry Bark, Wax Myrtle Bark, N.F. -- Myricaceae. The dried bark of the root with not more than 5 p.c. of adhering wood or other foreign organic matt...

Myristica. Myristica, U.S.P.: Myristica fragrans, Houltuym. The dried ripe seed deprived of seed-coat -- the kernel, with or without thin coating of lime, yielding not less than 25 p.c. non-volatile, ether-soluble extractive, no...

Nectandra: Nectan'dra Rodiae'i, Bebeeru Bark. -- The dried bark, U.S.P. 1860-1870; S. America, Guiana. Large tree, 18-24 M. (60-80 degrees) high, bark ash-gray, smooth, leaves 12.5-15 Cm. (5-6') long, 5-7.5 Cm....

Nepeta: Nep'eta Cata'ria, Cataria, Catnep, Catmint, N.F. -- The dried leaves and flowering tops with not more than 5 p.c. of stems over 4 Mm. (1/6') thick, or other foreign organic matter; Asia, Europe, natur...

Nicotiana: Nicotia'na Tabac'um, Tabacum, Tobacco. -- The commercial dried leaves, U.S.P. 1820-1890: C. And S. America (cultivated). Coarse robust annual, 1-2 M. (3-6 degrees) high; stem erect, unbranched, solid...

Olea. Olive. Oleum Olivae. Olive Oil, U.S.P.: Olea europaea, Linne'. A fixed oil obtained from the ripe fruit. Plant When wild a branched, thorny shrub; under cultivation a tree 3-9 M. (10-30 degrees) high, resembling white willow; bark gr...

Opopanax: Opop'anax Opopanax (Chiro'nium). -- S. Europe. Root and stem exude yellowish milk, hardening into reddish-brown tears, having a waxy luster, and a bitter, balsamic taste. ...

Origanum: Orig'anum vulga're, Wild Marjoram. -- The herb, U.S.P. 1820-1850; 1870-1880; Asia, Europe, N. Africa, naturalized in N. America. Perennial herb, .3-.5 M. (12-18') high; stem square, purplish, downy; ...

Ourouparia Gambir. Gambir. Gambir, U.S.P.: Ourouparia gambir, (Hunter) Baillon. The dried aqueous extract prepared from the leaves and twigs, yielding not less than 70 p.c. water-soluble extractive, nor less than 60 p.c. alcohol-soluble extrac...

Palaquium: Pala'quium Gut'ta, and P. Oblongifo'lium, Gutta-percha. -- Sapotaceae. The purified, coagulated, milky exudation, U.S.P. 1860-1880; Malayan Peninsula and Islands, Singapore, Borneo. Tree, 18-21 M. (...

Panax Quinquefolium: Pa'nax quinquefo'lium (Aralia quinquefo'lia), Panax, Ginseng. -- The root, U.S.P. 1840-1870; N. America. Small shrub, .3 M. (1 degree) high, smooth, leaflets 5's, serrate; flowers yellowish, fruit sc...

Papaver Rhoeas: Papaver Rhoe'as, Rhoeados Petala, Red Poppy Petals Br. -- Europe; flowers large, beautiful red, petals mainly used for their coloring matter, which is yielded to water; its milky juice is sedative, de...

Passiflora: Passiflo'ra incarna'ta, Passion Flower (Vine), N.F. -- Passifloraceae. The dried flowering and fruiting top with not more than 5 p.c. of stems over 8 Mm. (1/3') thick or other foreign matter; S. Unit...

Paullinia: Paullin'ia Cupa'na, Guarana, N.F. -- Sapindaceae. A dried paste consisting chiefly of the crushed seed, yielding not less than 4 p.c. of caffeine; N. and W. Brazil, Guiana, Venezuela. Woody climbing...

Petroselinum: Petroseli-num sati-vum, Petroselinum, Parsley Fruit, U.S.P. 1910. -- The dried ripe fruit with not more than 5 p.c. of foreign seeds and other matter; S. Europe, Asia Minor, United States, cultivated ...

Physostigma. Physostigma. Physostigma.: Physostigminae Salicylas. Physostigmine Salicylate, CHON. - CHO, U.S.P. Physostigma venenosum, Balfour. The salicylate of an alkaloid obtained from the dried ripe seed. Habitat. W. Africa (ne...

Phytolacca: Phytolac'ca america'na, Phytolacca, Poke Root, N.F. -- Phytolaccaceae. The dried root with not more than 5 p.c. of stem-bases nor 2 p.c. of other foreign organic matter; N. America, waste places. Pe...

Picramnia: Picram'nia pentand'ra (?), Cascara Amarga, Honduras Bark, N.F. -- The dried bark of an undetermined species with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter; C. America. Large handsome tree. Bark...

Picrasma. Quassia. Quassia, U.S.P.: Picrasma excelsa, (Swartz) Planchon, Quassia amara, Linne'. The wood. Habitat. 1. W. Indies (Jamaica, St. Kitt's, Antigua, St. Vincent. 2. Surinam, W. Indies, Brazil, Guiana, Columbia, Panama. ...

Pilocarpus. Pilocarpus. Pilocarpus. Pilocarpinae Hydrochloridum. Pilocarpine Hydrochloride, U.S.P.: Pilocarpinae Nitras. Pilocarpine Nitrate, U.S.P. Pilocarpus Jaborandi, Holmes, Microphyllus, Stapf. The hydrochloride and nitrate of pilocarpine,an alkaloid obtained from the dried leaflets. Ha...

Pimenta Acris: Pimenta ac'ris, Myrcia, Bay, Wild Clove; Oleum Myrciae, Oil of Bay, N.F. -- The volatile oil distilled from the leaves; W. Indies, Jamaica, cultivated. Tree, beautiful, fragrant, 9-12 M. (30-40 degre...

Pimenta Off.: Pimen'ta officina'lis, Pimenta, Allspice, N.F. -- The dried, nearly ripe fruit with not more than 3 p.c. of foreign organic matter nor .4 p.c. of acid-insoluble ash; C. and S. America, W. Indies, cult...

Pinus Alba: P. Stro'bus, Pinus Alba, White Pine Bark, N.F. -- The dried inner bark, with not more than 2 p.c. of outer bark and 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter; N. America. Large handsome tree. Bark in flat pi...

Pinus Montana. Pinus Pumilio. Dwarf Pine. Pinus Pini Pumilionis. Oil Of Dwarf Pine Needles, U.S.P.: Pinus montana, Miller. A volatile oil distilled from the fresh leaves, yielding not less than 5 p.c. esters calculated as bornyl acetate. Habitat. C. Europe: Tyrolese Alps, Carpathian Mountains, ...

Pinus Sylvestris: P. Sylves'tris, Wild Pine, Scotch Fir. -- Europe. Tree 21-24 M. (70-80 degrees) high, leaves and cones only 5-7.5 Cm. (2-3') long; this yields much of the common European turpentine; P. Pinaster (P. ...

Pinus Taeda: Pinus Tae'da, Loblolly, Old Field or Frankincense Pine. -- Delaware, Florida, thence Texas, Arkansas. Grows along with P. Palustris, and like it is a large tree, 18-30 M. (60-100 degrees) high, but l...

Pinus Palustria. Terebinthina. Turpentine, N.F.: 1. Oleum Terebinthinae. Oil Of Turpentine, U.S.P. 2. Resina. Rosin, U.S.P. Pinus palustria, Miller, and other species, yielding exclusively terpene oils. The volatile oil (1), and residue left...

Piper Angustifolium: Piper angustifo'lium, Matico, N.F. -- The dried leaf with not more than 5 p.c. of stems, flower spikes or other foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 6 p.c. of acid-insoluble ash; S. America ...

Piper Cubeba. Cubeba. Cubeb, U.S.P.: Piper Cubeba, Linne filius, Cubeba Cubeba, (Linne' filius) Lyons. The dried, nearly full-grown, unripe fruit, with not more than 5 p.c. shriveled fruits or stems nor 2 p.c. foreign organic matter, y...

Piper Methysticum: Piper methys'ticum, Kava, Methysticum, Kava Kava, N.F. -- The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 1 p.c. of foreign organic matter; Sandwich Islands; cultivated. Tall, soft-wooded herb. Rhizo...

Piper Longum: Piper officina'rum (lon'gum), Long Pepper. -- The immature fruit dried in the sun, U.S.P. 1830; Java, India, Ceylon, Philippine Islands, Bengal. Shrub like P. nigrum; leaves cordate; flowers spikes; ...

Piper Album: Piper al'bum, White Pepper. -- The ripe fruit of P. nigrum deprived of the pericarp from which it separates easily, and may be facilitated by gathering spikes, cleaning, immersing in water, and rubbin...

Piper Sp.: Piper Famecho'ni, Kissi, Kinnine, Guinea Pepper; Upper Guinea. Fruit in cylindrical clusters -- small blackish-brown, ovoid berries, each with cubeb-like pedicle at base; aromatic odor, agreeable tas...

Piper Nigrum: Piper ni'grum, Piper, Pepper, Black Pepper, N.F. -- The dried unripe fruit with not more than 2 p.c. of stems or other foreign matter, yielding not less than 6 p.c. of non-volatile extract, soluble in...

Piscidia: Ichthyome'thia Piscip'ula (Piscid'ia Erythri'na), Jamaica Dogwood. -- W. Indies. Well-developed tree, whose root-bark has long been used for catching fish, orange-yellow, fissured, tough, fibrous, od...

Pistacia: Pista'cia Lentis'cus, Mastiche, Mastic, F N. -- The concrete resinous exudation with not more than 1 p.c. of foreign organic matter; Mediterranean Basin (Spain, France, Italy, Morocco, Greece, etc.), ...

Piper Cubeba. Podophyllum. Podophyllum, U.S.P.: Podophyllum peltatum, Linne'. The dried rhizome and roots with not less than 3 p.c. of resin. Habitat. N. America (Canada, United States) in rich woods, thickets. Syn. Podoph., Mandrake, May ...

Polygala Senega. Senega. Senega, U.S.P.: Polygala Senega, Linne'. The dried root, with not more than 5 p.s. of stems and other foreign organic matter. Habitat. United States, in woods and rocky soil; Canada to S. Carolina, west to Wisco...

Polygala Alba. White, Texas or False Senega: Polygala al'ba, White, Texas or False Senega. -- West of Mississippi River; root 6 Mm. (1/4') thick, resembling official, but has a lighter color internally, also a cylindrical wood, and is destitute ...

Polygala Spp. Bitter Polygala: Polygala polyg'ama (rubel'la), Bitter Polygala. -- The root and herb, U.S.P. 1820-1870; Canada-Florida. Plant 15-22.5 Cm. (6-9') high; leaves mucronate; flowers purple; keel crested, shorter than the...

Polygonatum. European Solomon's Seal: Polygona'tum (Convallaria) multiflo'rum, European Solomon's Seal, and P. commuta'tum (gigante'um), American Solomon's Seal. -- Rhizome similar and contains convallarin, asparagin, mucilage, starch. ...

Polygonum Bistort. aBistort: Polyg'onum Bistor'ta, Bistort. -- Europe, Asia, N. America, in meadows. Produces an S-shaped rhizome, bent upon itself -- bistorted. 5 Cm. (2') long, 15 Mm. (3/5') thick, flattened or channeled, upp...

Populus: Populus ni'gra, P. can'dicans, or P. balsamif'era, Populi Gemmae, Balsam Poplar Buds, Balm of Gilead Buds, N.F. The air dried, closed, winter leaf-buds with not more than 10 p.c. of flower buds, yiel...

Potentilla Tormentilla: Potentil'la Tormentil'la, Tormentil. -- The rhizome, U.S.P. 1820-1870; Europe. Plant resembles P. canaden'sis, Cinquefoil, perennial, 25-30 Cm. (10-12') high, green or reddish leaves, trifoliate; lea...

Prinos: I'lex verticilla'ta (Pri'nos verticila'tus), Prinos, Black Alder, Winter-berry. -- Ilicaceae (Aquifoliaceae). The bark, U.S.P. 1820-1880; N. America, swamps; shrub, 2-2.5 M. (6-8 degrees) high; leave...

Prunella: Prunel'la (Brunel'la) vulga'ris, Self-heal, Heal-all. -- Plant .3 M. (1 degree) high, flowers purplish-blue, in dense spike, leaves hairy, bitter, astringent. ...

Prunus Domestica: Prunus domes'tica, Prunum, Prune, N.F. -- The partly dried ripe fruit, with 30-35 p.c. of natural moisture when used for pharmaceutical purposes; W. Asia, cult. in S. France, California. Tree, 4.5-6 ...

Prunus Laurocerasus: P. Laurocer'asus, Cherry Laurel, Laurocerasi Folia (Br.). -- Fresh leaves; W. Asia. Ornamental shrub or tree, 3-6 M. (9-20 degrees) high; leaves 15 Cm. (6') long, obovate, oblong, serrate, coriaceous...

Prunus Persica: Amygdalus (Prunus) Per'sica, Peach. -- Persia, cultivated largely in the United States, etc. Fruit edible, abounding in sugar, juice ferments, and upon distillation yields peach brandy; kernels poiso...

Prunus Serotina. Prunus Virginiana. Wild Cherry, U.S.P.: Prunus serotina, Ehrhart. The stem-bark collected in autumn and carefully dried. Borke (ross-sloughing dead tissues), if present, should be removed. Habitat. N. America (Can.to Fla., to Minn., N...

Ptelea. Wafer-ash. Hop-tree. Swamp-Dogwood. Wing-seed. Shrubby Trefoil: Pte'lea trifolia'ta, Wafer-ash, Hop-tree, Swamp-Dogwood, Wing-seed, Shrubby Trefoil. -- Root-bark; N. America -- N. Y.-Fla.-Texas; rocky places. Handsome shrub, 2.4-3.6 M. (8-12 degrees) high, branch...

Pterocarpus Marsupium. Rozburgh. Kino. Kino, U.S.P.: Pterocarpus Marsupium, Rozburgh. The dried juice from the trunk, yielding not less than 45 p.c. alcohol-soluble extractive, or 80 pc. water-soluble extractive. Habitat. E. India, in forests; C. a...

Pterocarpus Santalinus. Santalum Rubrum. Red Saunders, U.S.P.: Pterocarpus santalinus, Linne filius. The heart-wood. Habitat. Madras; cultivated in S. India, Ceylon, Philippines. Syn. Santal. Rub.; Red Santal, Chandam, Chundana, Ruby Wood; Br. Pterocarpi...

Pulsatilla: Pulsatil'la (Anem'one) vulgar'is, P. Praten'sis, or P. Pa'tens, Pulsatilla, Pasque Flower, N.F. -- The dried herb with not more than 5 p.c. of foreign organic matter; Europe (England, Siberia). Peren...

Punica. Granatum. Pomegranate, U.S.P.: Punica Granatum, Linne'. The dried bark of the stem or root, with not more than 2 p.c. wood, or other foreign organic matter. Habitat. S. W. Asia, India, Persia, Arabia, China, Japan, E. and W. I...

Pyrola: Pyr'ola rotundifo'lia, Round-leaved Wintergreen; P. Ellip'tica, Shin-leaf, and P. Chloran'tha, Greenish-flowered Wintergreen. -- These three have racemes of nodding wax-like flowers; leaves resembling...

Quercus Alba: Quer'cus al'ba, Quercus, White (Tanner's) Oak Bark, N.F. -- The dried inner bark of the trunk and branches with not more than 2 p.c. of outer bark or wood or other foreign organic matter; N. America. ...

Quercus Infectoria. Galla. Nutgall, U.S.P.: Quercus infectoria, Olivier, and other allied species. The gall from the young twigs. Habitat. Mediterranean Basin, eastward; Greece, Persia, Asia Minor, Syria. Syn. Gall, Aleppo Galls, Smyrn...

Quercus Misc.: Queracus valuti'na (coccin'ea var. tincto'ria), Black (Scarlet) Oak (Quercitron). -- The (inner) bark, U.S.P. 1820-1870. Trees 24-30 M. (80-100 degrees) high, 1-1.2 M. 3-4 degrees) thick, leaves oblo...

Quillaja: Quilla'ja Sapona'ria, Quillaja, Soap (Tree) Bark, N.F. -- The dried inner bark with not more than 5 p.c. of outer bark nor 1 p.. of foreign organic matter; Chile, cult. in N. Hindustan. Tree 15-18 M....

Ranunculus: Ranun'culus bulbo'sus, Bulbous Buttercup. -- The corm and herb, U.S.P. 1820-1870, Europe, N. America. Plant hairy, 15-45 Cm. (6-18') high, bulb at stem base, flowers May, yellow, 5's; contains volati...

Raphanus Sativus: Raph'anus Raphanis'trum, Wild Radish, Jointed Charlock, and R. sati'vus, Garden Radish. -- Both contain a fixed oil resembling that from mustard, but the sulphuretted volatile oil of the latter differ...

Rhamnus Cathartica: R. Cathar'tica, Buckthorn Berries, Baccae Spinae Cervinae, N.F. -- The dried ripe fruit with not more than 5 p.c. of unripe fruit or other foreign organic matter; Europe, N. Asia -- naturalized in N. ...

Rhamnus Frangula: Rhamnus Frang'ula, Frangula, Buckthorn Bark, N.F. -- The dried bark with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter; Europe, N. Asia -- hedges. Slender straggling bush, 3-4.5 M. (10-15 degrees) h...

Rhamnus Purshiana. Cascara Sagrada, Cascara Sagrada, U.S.P.: Rhamnus Purshiana, De Candolle. The dried bark, collected at least one year before before being used for making medicinal preparations. Habitat. N. Idaho, west to the Pacific (N. California). ...

Rheum. Rhubarb, U.S.P.: Rheum officinale, Baillon, palmatum, Linne', and var., or other species grown in China and Tibet. The dried rhizome and roots deprived of palmatum, periderm tissues, yielding not less than 30 p.c. o...

Rhus Aromatica: Rhus aromat'ica, Fragrant (Sweet-scented) Sumac(h), 1.5-2.5 M. (5-8 degrees) high; given in extract, fluidextract (alcoholic), tincture, and for hematuria, leucorrhea, but mainly for incontinence of u...

Rhus Glabra. Rhus Glabra, U.S.P.: Rhus glabra, Linne'. The dried ripe fruit with not more than 5 p.c. stems or other foreign organic matter. Habitat. N. America, west to California, Idaho; on barren or rocky soil. Syn. Rhus G...

Rhus Tox: R. rad'icans, Rhus Toxicodendron, Poison Ivy. -- The fresh leaflets, U.S.P. 1870-1890; N. America. Climbing plant over fences, rocks, trees, etc.; flowers small; fruit smooth drupe. Leaflets, collec...

Ricinus. Ricinus. Castor Oil Plant.: Oleum Ricini. Castor Oil, U.S.P. Ricinus communis, Linne'. A fixed oil obtained from the seeds. Habitat. India; cultivated in tropics; India, Italy, Spain, Sicily, United States. Syn. Pal...

Rosa. Rose. U.S.P.: Rosa gallica, Linne'. The dried petals, collected just before the expansion of the flower. Habitat. W. Asia, S. Europe; cultivated (England, Holland, France, United States, etc.) Syn. Rosa Ga...

Rosa Centifolia: Rosa centifo'lia, Pale Rose. -- The petals, collected after expanding, U.S.P. 1820-1890; W. Asia. Plant erect, 1-2 M. (3-6 degrees) high, similar to but larger than Rosa gallica; stems covered with p...

Rosa Damascena: R. Damasce'na, Damascus Rose. -- The volatile oil distilled from fresh flowers, U.S.P. 1830-1900; India, N. Africa, S. France, Bulgaria (Roumelia). Plant, prickly, resembling the ordinary rose bush, ...

Rosmarinus. Rosmarinus. Rosemary.: Oleum Rosmarini. Oil of Rosemary, U.S.P. Rosmarinus officinalis, Linne'. A volatile oil distilled from the fresh flowering tops,yielding not less than 2.5 p.c. esters (bornyl acetate) nor less th...

Rubia: Ru'bia tincto'rum, Madder. -- The root, U.S.P. 1820-1870; S. Europe, Asia. Perennial herb, square stem, covered with short prickles by which it climbs; leaves elliptical, 7.5 Cm. (3') long; flowers y...

Rubus Idaeus: R. Idae'us, or R. strigo'sus; Rubi Idaei Fructus, Raspberry, N.F. -- The fresh, ripe fruit of several varieties; Europe, N. Asia, N. America. Shrub 2 M. (6 degrees) high, glaucous, spinose; leaves im...

Rubus Villosus: Ru'bus villo'sus, R. nigrobac'cus, R. cuneifo'lius, + Eubatus section, Rubus, Blackberry Bark, N.F. -- The dried bark of the rhizome and roots with not more than 10 p.c. of adhering wood nor 3 p.c. o...

Rumex: Ru'mex cris'pus, or R. obtusifo'lius, Rumex, Yellow (Curled) Dock, N.F. -- The dried root with not more than 5 p.c. of stem-bases or other foreign organic matter; Europe, N. America. Common obnoxious...

Ruta: Ru'ta grave'olens. -- The leaves, U.S.P. 1830-1870; S. Europe, cultivated. Plant .6-1 M. (2-3 degrees) high, woody; flowers yellow; fruit capsule, 4-5-lobed; seed black, many, all parts active; leafl...

Sabbatia: Sabba'tia angula'ris, American Centaury. -- The herb, U.S.P. 1820-1870; United States. Plant .3-.6 M. (1-2 degrees) high, stem branched above, square, smooth; leaves ovate, 2.5 Cm. (1') long, heart-s...

Salix. Salix. Salix (Willow).: Salicinum. Salicin, CHO, U.S.P. Salix and Populus, several species. A glucoside. Habitat. Europe, N. Ameri ca; cultivated. Syn. White Willow, Common European-, Duck-, Huntington-, Salicin ...

Salvia: Sal'via officina'lis, (Garden, Meadow) Sage.--The dried leaves, U.S.P. 1840-1900; S. Europe, warm stony places; cultivated universally. Perennial; stem semi-shrubby, .6 M. (2 degrees) high, quadrangu...

Sambucus: Sambu'cus canaden'sis or S. ni'gra, Sambucus, Elder Flowers, N.F. -- Caprifoliaceae. The air-dried flower with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter; N. America (damp places). Semi-shrubby ...

Sandarac: Cal'litris quadrival'vis, Sandaraca (Sandarac). -- N. W. Africa It is a resin which exudes spontaneously or from incisions made through the bark; occurs in elongated pale yellow tears 5-15 Mm. (1/5-3/...

Sanguinaria: Sanguina'ria canaden'sis, Santuinaria, Blood Root, N.F. -- The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter; N. America. Perennial herb, in early spring puts forth a ro...

Salix. Santalum Album. Sandalwood, N.F.: Oleum Santali. Oil of Santal, U.S.P. Santalum album, Linne'. A volatile oil distilled from the dried heart-wood, yielding not less than 90 p.c. of alcohols, calculated as santalol. Habitat. S...

Sassafras, N.F.. Sassafras Medulla. Sassafras Pith, N.F.: Sassafras variifolium, (Salisbury) O. Kunize. A volatile oil distilled from the root. Habitat. N. America -- Canada, Florida to Texas; sandy, light soil, in the open. Syn. Sassaf., Saxifrax, S...

Scopola: Sco'pola carniol'ica, Scopola.--The dried rhizome containing .5 p.c. of mydriatic alkaloids, U.S.P. 1900; C. Europe, Germany, Austro-Hungary, Carniola. Shrub, 20-60 Cm. (8-24') high, usually branchle...

Scutellaria: Scutella'ria lateriflo'ra, Scutellaria, Skullcap, Mad-dog, N.F. -- The dried underground portion, with not more than 3 p.c. of foreign organic matter; N. America, United States, damp thickets, ditch b...

Selenicereus: Selenice'reus grandiflo'rus, Cactus Grandiflorus, Night Blooming Cereus, N.F. -- Cactaceae. The fresh succulent stem of the wild growing plant; Mexico, W. Indies, cultivated. Small shrub, .3-1 M. (1...

Senecio Areus: Senec'io au'reus, Senecio, Life Root Plant, Ragwort, Squaw-weed, N.F. -- The dried plant with not more than 10 p.c. of foreign organic matter; Eastern N. America. Perennial herb .3-.6 M. (1-2 degrees...

Seronoa: Sere'noa serrula'ta, Saw Palmetto Berries, N.F. -- Palmaceae. The partially dried, ripe fruit with not more than 1 p.c. of foreign organic matter; should contain 10-15 p.c. of its natural moisture w...

Sesamum: Ses'amum in'dicum; Oleum Sesami, Sesame Oil, Teel Oil, Benne Oil, N.F. -- Padaliaceae. The fixed oil obtained from the seeds of one or more cultivated varieties; India, Africa, cul. In S. United Stat...

Simarauba: Simaru'ba ama'ra (S. officina'lis, S. medicina'lis, Quassia Simaruba). -- The bark (of root), U.S.P.1820-1870; Guiana to N. Brazil, W. Indies. Tree 15-18 M. (50-60 degrees) high, crooked branches; le...

Simaba: Sima'ba ce'dron and S. ferrugin'ea. -- Columbia, Brazil; resembles simaruba, but flowers hermaphrodite; fruit pear-shape, size of hen's egg. Used natively as febrifuge and as antidote to poisonous an...

Sinapis (Brassica) Arvensis: Brassica arven'sis (Sinapis'trum), Charlock, Wild Mustard. -- Europe, United States; an annual, troublesome weed; seed smoothish, dark brown, smaller and less pungent, than our official black mustard....

Sinapis Alba: Sinapis alba. White (Yellow) Mustard, U.S.P. 1830-1910. -- Plant and habitat similar to official. Seed, 1-2 Mm. (1/25-1/12') thick, subglobular, testa yellowish, minutely pitted, embryo yellowish, o...

Smilax. Sarsaparilla. Sarsaparilla, U.S.P.: Smilax medica, Chamisso et Schlechlendal, officinalis, Kunth, ornata, Hooker filius. The dried root (rhizome and crown portion being excluded before grinding or powdering) with not more than 2 p.c. f...

Solanum Carolinense: S. Carolinen'se, Solanum, Horse-nettle, Berries, N.F. -- The air-dried ripe fruit with not more than 5 p.c. of immature fruit nor 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter; C. And S. United States. Perennial ...

Solanum Dulcamara: Sola'num Dulcama'ra, Dulcamara, Bittersweet, N.F. -- The dried stem with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter; Europe, Asia (N. America). Climbing pubescent shrub, around dwellings, in thic...

Solidago: Solida'go odo'ra, Sweet or Anise-scented Golden-rod. -- The leaves and tops, U.S.P. 1820-1870; N. America. Perennial herb, .6-1 M. (2-3 degrees) high, greenish-yellow, pubescent; leaves lanceolate, p...

Spigelia: Spige'lia marylan'dica, Spigelia, Pinkroot. -- The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 10 p.c. of stems or other foreign matter, U.S.P. 1820-1910; United States, Maryland, southward. Perennia...

Spiraea: Spirae'a tomento'sa, Hardhack. -- The root, U.S.P. 1820-1870; N. America; shrub, .6-1 M. (2-3 degrees) high, stem ferruginous, tomentous, leaves dark green, but rusty-white beneath; flowers purple; fr...

Stillingia: Stillin'gia sylvat'ica, Stillingia, Queen's Root, N.F. -- The dried root with not more than 3 p.c. of foreign organic matter, and that which has been stored for more than 2 years must not be used; S. ...

Strychnos Ignatii: Strychnos Igna'tii, Ignatia, Saint Ignatius Bean, Ignatia Amara, N.F. -- The dried ripe seed, yielding not less than 2 p. c. of alkaloids nor more than 1 p.c. of foreign organic matter; Philippine Isl...

Strychnos Nux-Vomica. Nux Vomica, U.S.P.: Strychnos Nux-vomica, Linne'. The dried, ripe seed, yielding not less than 2.5 p.c. of alkaloids. Habitat. India, Hindustan, E. India islands, Malabar, Ceylon, Java, N. Australia. Syn. Nux Vo...

Styrax. Benzoinum. Benzoin, U.S.P.: Styrax Benzoin, Dryander, or other species. The balsamic resin with not more than 1 p.c. foreign organic matter (Siam), yielding 75 (Sumatra) -90 ( Siam) p.c. alcohol-soluble extractive and 1 (Suma...

Swertia: Swer'tia Chiray'ita, Chirata, N.F. -- The dried plant with not more than 3 pc. of foreign organic matter; N. India -- mountains. Annual plant, 1 M. (3 degrees) high, cylindrical above, quadrangular b...

Symplocarpus: Spathye'ma (Symplocar'pus) fae'tida, Skunk Cabbage. -- The dried rhizome and roots, U.S.P. 1820-1870. Perennial, spathe appears first in spring, covered with purplish spots and stripes, flowers dull ...

Tamarindus: Tamarin'dus in'dica, Tamarindus, Tamarind, N.F. -- The partially dried ripe fruit, deprived of the brittle outer portion of the pericarp and preserved in sugar (sucrose) or syrup, containing not more ...

Tanacetum: Tanace'tum vulga're, Tanacetum, Tansy. -- The leaves and tops, U.S.P. 1820-1890; Europe, Asia. Perennial herb, .6-1 M. (2-3 degrees) high; stem obscurely hexagonal, striated, often reddish; root fibr...

Taraktogenos. Chaulmoogra. Chaulmoogra.: Oleum Chaulmoograe. Chaulmoogra Oil, U.S.P. Taraktogenos Kurzii, King, or certain species of Hydnocarpus. The fixed oil expressed from the seeds. Habitat. S. Asia; India, Siam, Burma, China, ...

Taraxacum: Taraxacum, Leon'todon Tarax'acum, Dandelion, N.F. -- The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 4 p.c. of acid-insoluble ash; Europe, natur...

Thea. Thea. Tea.: Caffeina. Caffeine (Theine), CH(CH)3ON.HO, U.S.P. Thea sinensis, Linne', Coffea arabica, Linne'. Trimethyl-xanthine, a feeble basic substance and alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the former,...

Theobroma. Theobroma. Cacao (Chocolate Tree). Oleum Theobromatis. Oil Of Theobroma, U.S.P.: Theobroma Cacao, Linne'. The fat obtained from the roasted seeds. Habitat. S. America (Brazil, C. America, Mexico, W. Indies; cultivated in the tropics, largely in some of the W. Indies. Syn...

Thuja Occidentalis: Thu'ja occidental'is, Thuja, Arbor Vitae, N.F. -- The dried, leafy young twigs with not more than 2 p.c. of stems over 4 Mm. (1/6') thick or other foreign organic matter--only the recently dried drug ...

Thymus. Thymus. Thyme, N.F.: Thymol. Thymol, CHO, U.S.P. Thymus vulgaris, Linne'. A phenol occurring in the volatile oil of this and other plants. Habitat. S. Europe (Portugal to Greece); cultivated in gardens, etc. S...

Toluifera Balsamum. Tolu. Tolu, U.S.P.: Toluifera Balsamum, Linne'. A balsam. Habitat. S. America (Venezuela, Colombia, Peru); high rolling countries. Syn. Balsamum Tolutanum, Balsam of Tolu, U.S.P. 1910, Tolu Balsam; Fr. Baume -- ...

Toluifera Pereirae. Balsamum Peruvianum. Balsam Of Peru, U.S.P.: Toluifera Pereirae, (Royle) Baillon. A balsam. Habitat. Central America (San Salvador), in woods near the coast. Syn. Bals. Peruv., Peru Balsam, Balsamum Peruvianum Nigrum, Balsamum Indicum, ...

Trifolium: Trifo'lium praten'se, Trifolium, Red Clover Blossoms, N.F. -- The dried inflorescence with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter; Europe, naturalized in N. America. Well-known fodder-plant. ...

Trigonella: Trigonel'la Faen'um-grae'cum, Fenugreek. -- The seed; India, Europe; cultivated in France, Germany, etc. Annual herb, .3 M. (1 degree) high, leaves trifoliate, leaflets dentate, flowers yellowish, fr...

Trillium: Tril'lium erec'tum, Trillium, Beth (Birth) Root, N.F. -- The dried rhizome with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter; N. America, Stem 20-40 Cm. (8-16') high, terminated by a whorl of 3 rhom...

Triosteum: Trios'teum perfolia'tum, Fever Root, Fever-wort, Horse-gentian. -- The root (rhizome), U.S.P. 1820-1870; United States. Perennial herb 1-1.3 M. (3-4 degrees) high, hirsute; leaves pubescent beneath, ...

Tsuga Canadensis: Tsu'ga (Abies) canaden'sis, Pix Canadensis (Canada Pitch, Hemlock Pitch). -- Prepared resinous exudation, U.S.P. 1830-1880; N. America. Hemlock struce is an evergreen tree 18-24 M. (60-80 degrees) h...

Turnera: Tur'nera diffu'sa, or T. Aphrodisi'aca, Damia'na, Turnera, N.F. -- Turneraceae. The dried leaf with not more than 15 p.c. of stems nor 3 p.c. of other foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 4...

Tussilago: Tussila'go Far'fara, Farfara, Colts-foot (Leaves), Tussilago Leaves, Cough-wort, N.F. -- The dried leaf with not more than 3 p.c. of foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 4 p.c. of acid-insol...

Ulmus. Elm, U.S.P.: Ulmus fulva, Michaux. The dried inner bark. Habitat. N. America, New England, S. Carolina, west to Louisiana, Nebraska. Syn. Elm Bark, Slippery Elm, Moose-, Red-, Indian-, Sweet-, Rock or Ame...

Umbellularia: Umbellula'ria califor'nica, California Bay Laurel or Spice Tree.--Wood brownish, close-grained, esteemed for cabinet-work; leaves yield volatile oil 4 p.c., with nutmeg and cardamom odor; seed contain...

Urtica: Urti'ca dioi'ca, Nettle (Stinging Nettle). -- Urticaceae; N. America, Europe. Plant .6-1 M. (2-3 degrees) high, very bristly, stinging, leaves ovate, heart-shaped, pointed, serrate, downy beneath, up...

Ustilago: Ustila'go May'dis, Corn Smut. -- The fungous growth upon Zea Mays, U.S.P. 1880, United States, etc. The fungus is abundant upon stem, grains, and tassel; in irregular, globose masses 10-15 Cm. (4-6')...

Valeriana. Valerian, U.S.P.: Valeriana officinalis, Linne'. The dried rhizome and roots, with not more than 5 p.c. foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 10 p.c. acid-insoluble ash. Habitat. Europe, N. Asia, in moist...

Vanilla. Vanilla. Vanilla, N.F.: Vanillinum. Vanillin, CHO, U.S.P. Vanilla planifolia, Andrews. Methylprotocatechuic aldehyde occurring naturally in vanilla (cured fruit), or prepared synthetically. Habitat. E. Mexico, hot, ...

Veratrum Viride, U.S.P.: Veratrum viride, Aiton. The dried rhizome and roots, with not more than 5 p.c. stems or other foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 4 p.c. acid-insoluble ash. Habitat. N. America, Canad...

Verbascum: Verbas'cum Thap'sus, Verbasci Folia, Mullein Leaves, Great Mullein, N.F. -- The dried leaves with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 4 p.c. of acid-insoluble ash; E...

Verbena: Verbe'na hasta'ta, Verbena, Blue Vervain. -- Verbenaceae. The dried overground portion, collected when flowering; N. America. Perennial roughish, pubescent, 1-2.5 M. (3-7 degrees) high; in broken o...

Veronicastrum: Veron'ica virgin'ica, Leptandra, Culver's Root, N.F. -- The dried rhizome and roots with not more than 5 p.c. of stem-bases or other foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 6 p.c. of acid-insol...

Viburnum Prunifolium: Vibur'num prunifo'lium, Viburnum, Black Haw, N.F. -- The dried root-bark, with not more than 7 p.c. of wood or other foreign organic matter, yielding not more than 3 p.c. of acid-insoluble ash: United...

Viburnum Opulus: Viburnum Op'ulus, var. America'num, High Bush, Cranberry Bark, Cramp Bark, N.F.--The dried bark of the stem with not more than 5 p.c. of adhering wood or other foreign organic matter; United States, l...

Viola: Vio'la tri'color, Pansy. -- Violaceae. The flowering herb, U.S.P. 1880; Europe, N. America, cultivated. Plant 10-30 Cm. (4-12') high, angular; leaves roundish, cordate; flowers variegated (yellow, w...

Vitis: Vi'tis vinif'era, Grape Vine. -- Vitaceae. The fermented juice (white wine, red wine) of fresh fruit, U.S.P. 1820-1900; W. Asia, cultivated universally. Climbing perennial shrub; stem woody, brownis...

Vouacapoua Araroba. Araroba. Goa: Powder Br. Vouacapoua Araroba, (Aquiar) Druce. A mixture of neutral principles obtained from Goa Powder, a substance deposited in the wood of this plant. Habitat. Brazil, Bahia; in damp forest...

Xanthium: Xan'thium Struma'rium, Broad Cocklebur; N. America. Achenes 2.5 Cm. (1') long, flat, oblong, without pappus, enclosed in the involucre, which is densely beset with hooked prickles. X. spino'sum, Spi...

Xanthorrhiza: Xanthorrhi'za apiifo'lia, Shrub Yellow-Root. -- The rhizome and roots, U.S.P. 1820-1870; S. and C. United States. Shrub .6-1 M. (2-3 degrees) high, stem clustered, 6 Mm. (1/4') thick, wood yellow, le...

Xanthoxylum: Zanthox'ylum america'num and Z. Cla'va-Her'culis. 1. Xanthoxylum, Prickly Ash Bark, N.F. -- The dried bark with not more than 2 p.c. of foreign organic matter; 2. Xanthoxyli Fructus, Prickly Ash Ber...

Zingiber. Ginger, U.S.P. Zingiber Officinale: Roscoe. The dried rhizome, with outer cortical layers often partially or completely removed, yielding not less than 2 p.c. non-volatile ether-soluble extractive nor 12 p.c. cold water extractive. ...

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