"it" expressed by halving.

460. To a word consisting of, or ending with, a full-length stroke, it may frequently be added by halving such

stroke. Illustrations: if it

until it

wish it

when it

By a circle added to the half-length stroke, it may be converted into its, it is, or it has. Thus

may represent when its, when it is, or when it has. The stroke thus halved to add it may have an initial or a final hook; thus, over it

upon it

from it

461. By it must not be expressed by half-length b standing alone, nor which it by half-length chay standing alone, as these strokes, when thus detached, might be mistaken respectively for all or on. Nor should the half-length chay be used for which it at the end of a phrase, as in the phrase by which it

because the half-length chay in such a case might be mistaken for the tiek the.

Exercise

462. In the following exercise, it is to be represented by halving the last or only stroke of the preceding word; and in some cases it is converted into its, it is, or it has by the addition of the s circle:

at it

at its

during it

during its

during its necessary

during its only

during its own

during its time (tm)

had it

had it appeared

had it been

had it left

had it made

had it received

had it recognized

had it represented

had it something

had it that

had it this

have it

I must have it

I shall have it

could have it

I will have it done

if it

if it be

if it be necessary

if it did

if it does

if it does not

if it had

if it had (to) be if it has not been

if it has been

if it is not done

if it is not necessary

if it is not so

if it please your Honor

if it were

if it were only

make it

make it clear

make it necessary

make it plain

I may make it

if they make it

over it

over its

over its own

take it

take it down

cannot take it

I take it

should take it

I think it (think it should be written on the line to distinguish it from thought)

I think it is

I think it is not

I think it may be 1 think it mus (t) be I think it mus (t) have

been through it through its until it until it can until it can be until it is until it is done until it is impossible until it is known until it may be until it makes until it must be until it should be upon it upon its depend upon it was it (see Paragraph 391) was it necessary was it never was it not was it not seen was it reasonable was it right was it said was it supposed was it true when it when it is when its when it is done when it is necessary when it is not when it is time (tm)

when it shall be

when it was

whenever it

whenever it has been

whenever it is chosen

whenever it is done

whenever it is necessary

where it is

where it is necessary

where it is not

where it is now

where it is known

by which it appears

by which it can

by which it is

by which it is not

by which it may not

by which it may be

by which it mus(t) be

by which it was

by which it would have

for which it is not

in which it is

in which it has been

of which it has been

of which it may be

to which it is

with which it is not

with which it was

with which it would be

wish it

I wish it

I wish it could

I wish it understood

I wish it had

I wish it would

to whom it may

to whom it may be

to whom it may (con)cern

to whom it mus (t) be to whom it will be

463. By the use of "fictitious primitives" for of, is, as and were (see Paragraphs 108,274), we obtain the following

facile phrases: of it

is it

as it or has it

were it

of all it

To these the circle may be added, changing it to its, it has, or it is.

Exercise

464. Write the following:

of all it

of all its

of all its own

of all it is now

of all it has been

of it

of its

of its own

of its information

of its introduction

of its necessity

of its passage

is it (for another way of writing is it, see Paragraph 390)

is it the

is it better

is it important

is it impossible

is it known

is it likely

is it necessary

is it never

is it not

is it now

is it observed

is it reasonable

is it right

is it wrong

is it so

is it so much (m, ch.)

is it supposed

is it to be

is it true

is it understood

is it you

is it you (r) right

as it (this phrase, if written with the half-length z, is best written in the third position to distinguish it from was it in the second. (See Paragraphs 390, 391.)

as it came as it can as it could be as it is as it may be as it must as it might as it might not as it requires as it seems as it should be as it sometimes as it was

has it (see remark on as it)

has it become

has it been

has it come

has it happened

has it made

has it many

has it never

has it not

has it not been

were it

were it not

were it necessary

were it not necessary

were it known

were it never

"to" expressed by halving. 465. In a few cases the last or only stroke of a word

may be halved to add to; thus, able,

able to

Exercise

466. In the following exercise, to is expressed by halving the preceding stroke:

able to

be able to

might not be able to

you may be able to

I shall not be able to

he is able to

I may be able to

I shall not be able to should be able to you should be able to we are able to when I am able to you are able to you will be able to