538. Him and me, when occurring in the midst of phrases, need to be carefully distinguished, because in such cases the ordinary positional distinction is lost. In several instances the necessary distinction is secured by joining the word which in the phrase retains its ordinary position, and separating the word which the phrase would take out

of its usual place. Illustrations: of me

of him

to me

to him

In other

instances, a distinction is secured by vocalization, in which case it is best to vocalize me and allow him to go unvo-calized.

539. House. In many cases the regular sign for the very common word house can not be phrased. Hence, to secure a convenient phrase, the alphabetic stroke s is sometimes used for house, as State House

Legislative House

In other cases, for the sake of the phrase, house is represented by the s circle, which, if it follows another circle, as in the phrase at his house, merges with the preceding circle, forming a double circle, thus:

this house

at his house

in his house

If there be danger of misreading, the vowel ow may be inserted in the double circle, thus

Particular Words Or Expressions. 285 540. There seems to be no reason why the circle should not be used for house in such phrases as in the house

if the house

541. In law. These words, terminating the phrases mother-in-law, etc., may be represented by nl. Illustrations: mother-in-law

sister-in-law

542. Indeed and no doubt. Indeed should not be used in the midst of a phrase unless vocalized with e. No doubt may be freely interjoined without vocalization. 543. Instance and circumstance should be carefully distinguished by writing the full form

for the former word, wherever it occurs, except in the special phrase for instance

544. Ocean. The last word of such phrases as Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Arctic Ocean, may, when convenient, be expressed by the shn hook, thus: Atlantic Ocean.

545. Own, introduced into a phrase, if it may possibly conflict with know, should be vocalized.

546. Less, else. When written as separate words, less and else are distinguished by vocalizing the latter. The same method of distinction should be adopted in phrases. The downward direction of the l stroke does not sufficiently distinguish the word else, as in phrases both these words are frequently written with the downward stroke.

547. Mc, Mac or Mack, at the beginning of personal names, may be represented by m joined. Illustrations:

Macmullin

McManus

548. North, which begins many geographical names, is commonly represented by nr joined. Illustrations: North Dakota

North America

In a

few cases nr is used for northern, though more generally norther is used if the n hook cannot be conveniently joined. Illustration: Northern Democracy

549. Of the, in phrases, is expressed in two ways: First, by the joined ticks of and the; second, by proximity. (See Paragraphs 317-323). It is also implied, not expressed, by joining the words between which it occurs; as one of the most,

550. Or, in phrases, is sometimes expressed thus: three or four

tonce or twice

The con sonant stroke r (downward) is sometimes treated as a "fictitious primitive" for or, in order to add there or other by doubling. (See Paragraph 420.)

551. Part, in phrases, is written either

or

according to convenience.

552. Regard and regret, as isolated words, are distinguished by position. Either of them occurring as the second word of a phrase may often have positional distinction by means of "initial displacement." (See Paragraphs 70-81.) When this is not practicable, these words may be distinguished by vocalization or "exclusion." (See Paragraphs 87, 88, 92.) If "exclusion" be resorted to, regard should "be excluded, as regret is the more common of the two words and has the greater need of being phrased.

553. Secretary. This word, at the beginning of certain

phrases, may be expressed by

as in Secretary of State

Secretary of War

Secretary of the Navy