Materia Medica, Pharmacy, Pharmacology And Therapeutics | by W. Hale White

This book gives a concise and thorough review of the subject of materia medica, just such an one as should be of most use to the physician in practical work

Title	Materia Medica Pharmacy, Pharmacology And Therapeutics
Author	W. Hale White
Publisher	P. Blakiston's Son & Co
Year	1911
Copyright	1901, P. Blakiston's Son & Co
Amazon	Materia Medica Pharmacy, Pharmacology And Therapeutics.

Materia Medica, Pharmacy, Pharmacology And Therapeutics

By W. Hale White, M.D., F.R.C.P., Physician To And Lecturer On Medicine At Guy's Hospital, London ; Author Of A Text-Book Of General Therapeutics.

Edited By Reynold W. Wilcox, M.A., M.D., LL.D., Professor Of Medicine And Therapeutics At The New York Post-Graduate Medical School And Attending Physician To The Hospital; Visiting Physician To St. Mark's Hospital ; President Of The American Therapeutic Society ; Fellow Of The American Academy Of Medicine, Etc.

Fifth American Edition

Thoroughly Revised

Philadelphia P. Blakiston's Son & CO., 1012 Walnut Street. 1911.

Preface To The Fifth Edition: Endeavoring to keep this edition abreast of the times, I have revised the whole and added twelve pages of new matter. To Dr. E. C. Perry and other friends I am indebted for having directed my attentio...

Materia Medica Pharmacy, Pharmacology And Therapeutics. Definitions: Materia Medica The materials used in the treatment of disease. Therapeutics The application of remedial agents in the treatment of disease. It includes : General Therapeutics The application ...

Pharmacy: Pharmacy covers a field of nearly as much importance, breadth and difficulty as that of medicine itself, and requires a special, extensive and thorough preparation. It should never be practiced by the...

Definition Of Terms As Applied To Substances Of Vegetable Origin: Alkaloids (Their English names terminating in ine, their Latin names terminating in ina.) Compounds of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, and usually containing also oxygen, either existing in the plant ...

Pharmaceutical Processes: Many of these, as filtration, precipitation, etc., need no explanation, but the following require a few words. Dialysis The process of separating crystalloids from colloids by bringing them in a m...

Weights, Measures, And Symbols: Weights (Apothecaries' or Troy weight). I grain................symbol gr. 480 grains as one Ounce........... 12 ounces = one pound........... lb The scruple (20 grains, symbol ) is rare...

Pharmacopoeial Preparations And Their Doses: Most drugs are not, in their natural state, suitable for administration. They are either too bulky, too nauseous, or contain noxious principles. Preparations suitable for administration are, therefore...

Pharmacopoeial Preparations And Their Doses. Part 2: Cerata (Cerates) Adhesive preparations for external use, containing wax, capable of being spread at ordinary temperatures, and not melting at the temperature of the body. Six are official in U. S. P....

Pharmacopoeial Preparations And Their Doses. Part 3: Emulsa (Emulsions) Liquid preparations consisting of oily or resinous substances held suspended in water which has been rendered mucilaginous or viscid. Mucilago Acaciae and Tragacanthae are frequent...

Pharmacopoeial Preparations And Their Doses. Part 4: Extracta Fluida (Fluid Extracts) Liquid preparations of organic drugs, made by completely exhausting the drug by suitable menstrua, and concentrating the resulting filtered solution, so that there sh...

Pharmacopoeial Preparations And Their Doses. Part 5: Glycerita (Glycerites) Solutions of drugs in glycerin. They are all liquid preparations, mostly used for external application. In the U. S. P. are six: Glyceritum Acidi Carbolici. - Acidi Tannici. ...

Pharmacopoeial Preparations And Their Doses. Part 6: Liquores (Liquors) Solutions of chemical substances in a menstruum consisting chiefly or wholly of water. The following are the liquors of the U. S. P.: Dose. Liquor Iodi Composit...

Pharmacopoeial Preparations And Their Doses. Part 7: Massae (Masses) Pill-masses intended for preservation in bulk until required for use. Three are official in the U. S. P.: Dose. Masa Hydrargyri.............. 1/2 - 15 gr.; .0...

Pharmacopoeial Preparations And Their Doses. Part 8: Pilulae (Pills) Solid bodies, usually spherical or oval, containing medicinal agents, and intended to be swallowed whole. A mass of the consistence of firm clay is made by beating medicaments togethe...

Pharmacopoeial Preparations And Their Doses. Part 9: Spiritus (Spirits) Solutions of volatile substances in alcohol or diluted alcohol. The spirits of the U. S. P. are: By solution: Dose. Spiritus Glonoini........................ ...

Pharmacopoeial Preparations And Their Doses. Part 10: Suppositoriae (Suppositories) Preparations in suitable form for introduction into and retention in the rectum or vagina and so mixed with a base (generally Oleum Theobro-matis) that they shall be sol...

Pharmacopoeial Preparations And Their Doses. Part 11: Triturationes (Triturations) Solid preparations made by-triturating a medicinal substance with a definite percentage of sugar of milk (Saccharum Lactis). The U. S. P. contains one: Dose. Trituratio...

Pharmacopoeial Preparations And Their Doses. Part 12: Abstract A (Abstracts) solid, dry, powdered extracts of double the strength of the crude drug. They are prepared by spontaneous evaporation of an alcoholic tincture at a low temperature, mixing with ...

Pharmacopoeial Preparations And Their Doses. Part 13: Essentiae (Essences) Preparations of B. P. corresponding to Spirits, U. S. P., but of 20 per cent. strength. Fomenta Fomentations consist of flannels wrung out in hot water, to which drugs may or...

Pharmacopoeial Preparations And Their Doses. Part 14: Vaselinum This term in England is applied to an ointment of which the base is vaseline. ...

Pharmacology And Therapeutics: Before describing the actions and uses of drugs we must consider the manner, quantity and form in which to give them. ...

Modes Of Administration Of Drugs: (a) Into the blood-vessels by injection. This method is rarely used in man, excepting for transfusion of physiological saline solution (a teaspoonful of common salt to the pint of sterilized water at ...

Doses: The study of doses is termed Posology. In determining the dose the following considerations have to be borne in mind: 1. Age. - The adult dose is that for a person between twenty and sixty years old....

Prescribing: The more complex prescriptions consist of - (1) The Basis, or principal active ingredient curare. (2) The Adjuvans, or that which assists its action cito. (3) The Corrigens, or that which corrects...

Prescribing. Continued: (B) Physical Incompatibility This occurs when the mixture of the substances will not form a clear solution; e.g., insoluble powders and oils will not mix with water, the addition of which, to some sp...

The Prescription: The details of a prescription should be written in the following order: The first part is the Superscription, which is the sign , an abbreviation for Recipe, Take. The second part is the Inscr...

The Prescription. Continued: Ad The prescriber should be careful in deciding whether or not to use this word before the vehicle. If it had been left out in the prescription given on p. 44, the bulk of the mixture would have been...

Pharmacological And Therapeutical Actions: When the action of a drug is spoken of, the physiological action is usually understood. The primary action is that due to the unaltered drug; e.g., the emetic action of zinc sulphate. The secondary ...

Division I. - Drugs acting upon Organisms which infect the Human Body, or upon Processes going on outside it: Antiseptics are drugs which arrest putrefaction, either by-preventing the growth of, or completely destroying the microorganism on which decomposition depends. Some authors limit the use of the word t...

Drugs acting upon Organisms which infect the Human Body, or upon Processes going on outside it. Continued: Antizymotics This is a word sometimes applied to drugs which arrest fermentation. Anthelmintics are drugs which kill such parasitic worms as infest the alimentary canal. Three kinds only are commonl...

Division II. - Drugs acting on the Blood: A. Drugs acting on the Plasma. - Many substances must after absorption exist in solution in the plasma, and purgatives, diuretics and diaphoretics must alter the composition of the plasma by abstracti...

Division III. - Drugs acting on the Cardiac Mechanism: The heart is capable of spontaneously originating impulses which in health begin in the sinus venosus, and spread downwards over the auricle and the ventricle to the apex. It used to be considered tha...

Division IV. - Drugs acting on the Vessels: These are usually studied either by directly observing alterations in the size of the vessels in some thin structure, such as the ear of a rabbit, the mesentery, tongue, lung, web, or mylo-hyoid muscl...

Drugs acting on the Vessels. Continued: Vesicants Many of these drugs are sufficiently powerful irritants to cause inflammation. If this goes no further than the exudation of plasma from the vessels, and this plasma collects under the epid...

Division V. - Drugs acting on the Skin: All those described in the last section act on the cutaneous vessels, but in addition we have - A. Diaphoretics, or drugs which increase the amount of perspiration. These may do so either by stimulat...

Division VI. - Substances acting on the Urinary System: 1. Drugs increasing the quantity of urine secreted. - These are called diuretics. The kidney is a double organ with two distinct varieties of epithelium; it is particularly well supplied with vessels ...

Division VII. - Drugs acting on the Bodily Heat: A. Antipyretics, or Drugs which decrease the Bodily Temperature. - There are few if any drugs which can lower the temperature in health. Some, it is true, will cause the temperature to fall below norm...

Division VIII. - Drugs acting on Respiration: Respiration can be modified by such very various influences that it is difficult to decide upon the exact mode of action of any drug which affects it. For example, alterations in the blood and in the ...

Drugs acting on Respiration. Continued: (6) Squill (7) Turpentine. (8) Terebene. (9) Camphor. (10) Benzoin. (11) Balsam of Peru. (12) Tolu. (13) Antimony salts. (14) Sulphur. (15) Iodine. (16) Tobacco. (17) Pilocarpus. (18...

Division IX. - Drugs acting on the Digestive Apparatus: A. Drugs acting on the Teeth. - Soaps and powders are used for cleaning the teeth. The basis of most tooth powders is chalk, which acts mechanically; charcoal is sometimes used in the same way. As the...

Drugs acting on the Digestive Apparatus. Part 2: Gastro-Intestinal Irritants In describing the individual actions of drugs the statement is frequently made that they are gastro-intestinal irritants, and this is a convenient opportunity for describi...

Drugs acting on the Digestive Apparatus. Part 3: Carminatives This term is often applied to substances which aid the expulsion of gas from the stomach and intestines. They act by stimulating the gastric and intestinal movements. It has been found f...

Drugs acting on the Digestive Apparatus. Part 4: Anti-Emetics Acting On The Stomach These are all those substances which have been already enumerated as having a sedative influence on the gastric nerves, viz.: (1) Ice. (2) Bismuth subcarbonate. ...

Drugs acting on the Digestive Apparatus. Part 5: Laxatives These are substances which slightly increase the action of the bowels chiefly by stimulating their muscular coat. They are - (1) Whole meal bread. (2) Honey. (3) Treacle. (4) Most frui...

Drugs acting on the Digestive Apparatus. Part 6: Saline Purgatives The action of these is obscure, but it seems certain that they very greatly increase the secretion of intestinal fluid, and hinder its reabsorption, so that a large amount of it acc...

Drugs acting on the Digestive Apparatus. Part 7: Intestinal Astringents These may be described under the following heads: Astringents Acting On The Vessels Of The Intestine These are the same as those acting on vessels generally. Those employed...

Drugs acting on the Digestive Apparatus. Part 8: Direct Cholagogues These have been studied in fasting, curarized dogs. A cannula is inserted into the bile-duct, and is brought out of the body, the drug to be experimented upon is administered, and ...

Drugs acting on the Digestive Apparatus. Part 9: Drugs Causing Sugar To Appear In The Urine Until recently it was assumed that all these drugs acted on the liver, probably by increasing the amount of sugar made from the hepatic store of glycogen; b...

Division X. - Drugs acting on the Nervous and Muscular: Systems. A. Drugs acting on the Muscles. - Pharmacologists have devoted much attention to this class of drugs; but as the facts ascertained are not used in medicine, we need not stop to consider them...

Drugs acting on the Nervous and Muscular. Part 2: Drugs Which Stimulate The Termination Of Sensory Nerves These, when applied locally, cause pain. They are the same as the local vascular irritants which have already been enumerated (p. 60); in fact,...

Drugs acting on the Nervous and Muscular. Part 3: Drugs Acting On The Motor Centres Of The Brain To investigate these, the motor area of the cortex is exposed by trephining, and the strength of current which it is necessary to apply to the motor are...

Drugs acting on the Nervous and Muscular. Part 4: General Anaesthetics These are drugs which lead to a total loss of consciousness, so that pain is no longer felt; at the same time reflex action is abolished. They illustrate admirably the law of dis...

Division XI. - Drugs acting on the Organs of Generation: A. Aphrodisiacs. - These are substances which increase sexual desire. There are conceivably many ways in which this might take place. There is a centre in the lumbar spinal cord, irritation of which c...

Division XII. - Drugs acting on Metabolism: Our knowledge of the normal metabolism of the body is very imperfect, consequently we know very little more than has already been stated under other divisions, about the action of drugs on metabolism....

Pharmacopoeial Materia Medica. Part I. Inorganic Materia Medica. Group I. Aqua, Hydrogenii Dioxidum, Oxygenium: (All the substances about to be described are pharmacopoeial unless the contrary is stated.) ...

I. Aqua, Water: H2O=17.96. - Natural water in its purest attainable state. Characters A colorless, limpid liquid, without odor or taste at ordinary temperature, and remaining odorless while being heated to boiling....

II. Aqua Destillata. Distilled water: H2O=17.96. Source. - Take 1000 volumes of water, distill from a suitable apparatus provided with a block tin or glass condenser, reject the first 100 volumes, which contain volatile impurities, and pr...

Action of Water: External An indifferent bath (88 - 98 F.) 31.1 - 36.6 C, or one in which the bather feels neither hot nor cold, produces no particular effect. Cold baths increase the production ...

Therapeutics of Water: External Cold baths are used for the subsequent exhilarating effects, which may be increased by brisk rubbing with a rough towel. Persons in whom a feeling of warmth does not immediately follow a col...

III. Aqua Hydrogenii Dioxidi. Solution of Hydrogen Dioxide: Synonym Solution of Hydrogen Peroxide. A slightly acid, aqueous solution of Hydrogen Dioxide (H202 = 33.92), containing, when freshly prepared, about 3 per cent., by weight, of the pure Dioxide, cor...

IV. Oxygenium, Oxygen: (not official) 0 = 15.96. Source By exposing manganese dioxide with potassium chlorate to a strong heat Kcio3 = Kc1 + O3. Characters A colorless, odorless gas, slightly soluble in water and alcoh...

I. Potassium: I. Potassium. Potassa K = 39.03. 1. Potassa. - Koh = 55.99. Synonyms. - Potassium Hydrate. Potassium Hydroxide. Caustic Potash. Source Evaporate Liquor Potassae, fuse the residue and pour into cle...

2. Potassa Cum Calce. Potassa With Lime: Potassa Cum Calce. Potassa With Lime. Synonyms. - Vienna Caustic. Vienna Paste. Potassa, 500; Lime, 500. Rubbed together in a warm, iron mortar. Characters A grayish-white powder, deliquescent, havi...

Action of Potash: External It is, if concentrated, a powerful irritant and caustic, acting by abstracting water from the part to which it is applied. It dissolves fatty matters that may be present on the surface. It i...

2. Potassii Carbonas. Potassium Carbonate: Potassii Carbonas. Potassium Carbonate. K2Co3 = 137.91. Synonym. - Salt of Tartar. Source Pearlash, which is a product of the lixiviation of wood ashes, is treated with water, which dissolves little...

3. Potassii Bicarbonas. Potassium Bicarbonate: Potassii Bicarbonas. Potassium Bicarbonate. Khco3 = 99.88. Source Pass Carbon Dioxide through a solution of Potassium Carbonate, and let the bicarbonate crystallize out. K2Co3 + Co2 + H2O = 2Khco,. ...

4. Potassii Acetas. Potassium Acetate: Potassii Acetas. Potassium Acetate. Kc2h3o2 = 97.89. Source Add Acetic Acid in excess to Potassium Carbonate or Bicarbonate. Evaporate to dryness and fuse the residue. K2Co3 + 2Hc2h3o2 = 2Kc2h3o2 + ...

5. Potassii Citras. Potassium Citrate: Potassii Citras. Potassium Citrate. K3C6H5O7 + H2O = 323.59. Source Neutralize Potassium Carbonate with a solution of Citric Acid, and evaporate to dryness. 3K2Co3 + 2H3C6H5O7 = 2K3C6H507 + 3H2O + 3...

6. Potassii Citras Effervescens. Effervescent Potassium Citrate: Potassii Citras Effervescens. Effervescent Potassium Citrate. Citric Acid, 63; Potassium Bicarbonate, 90; Sugar, 47. Source Powder the ingredients separately, and mix them thoroughly in a warm morta...

7. Potassii Sulphas. Potassium Sulphate: Potassii Sulphas. Potassium Sulphate. K2So4= 173.88. Source. - Add Potassium Carbonate to Acid Potassium Sulphate, which is a bye-product of the manufacture of Nitric Acid. K2Co3+ 2Khs04 = 2K2S04+Co2+...

8. Potassii Bitartras. Potassium Bitartrate: Potassii Bitartras. Potassium Bitartrate. Kh4c4ho6= 187.67. Synonyms. - Acid Potassium Tartrate. Cream of Tartar. Source Obtained from crude Tartar (argol) deposited on the sides of wine casks durin...

9. Potassii Nitras. Potassium Nitrate: Potassii Nitras. Potassium Nitrate. Kno3 = 100.92. Synonyms. - Nitre. Saltpetre. Source Purified native Saltpetre. Characters Colorless, transparent, six-sided rhombic prisms or a crystalline powd...

10. Potassii Chloras. Potassium Chlorate: Potassii Chloras. Potassium Chlorate. Kc103=122.28. Source Pass Chlorine into a mixture of Potassium Carbonate and Slaked Lime; then treat the result in boiling water and separate the Chlorate by re...

16. Potassii Ferrocyanidum. Potassium Ferrocyanide: Potassii Ferrocyanidum. Potassium Ferrocyanide. K4Fe(CN)6 + 3H2O = 421.76. Synonym.- Yellow Prussiate of Potash. Potassium Ferrocyanide is used to prepare Acidum Hydrocyanicum Di-lutum, and Potassii ...

17. Potassii Cyanidum. Potassium Cyanide: Potassii Cyanidum. Potassium Cyanide. Kcn = 65.01. Source. - Heat in an iron crucible dried Potassium Ferrocyanide, 8; with Potassium Carbonate, 3; until effervescence ceases. Characters White, opa...

17. Potassii Cyanidum. Potassium Cyanide. Continued: Vaso-Motor System The vaso-motor centre in the medulla is first briefly stimulated, but soon profoundly paralyzed; blood-pressure therefore falls very low. Respiration The respiratory centre is par...

II. Sodium. Soda: Na=23.O. 1. Soda. - NaOH=39.86. Synonyms. - Caustic Soda. Sodium Hydrate. Sodium Hydroxide. Source Dissolve Sodium Carbonate in boiling distilled water. Slake Lime and dissolve in distilled water, ...

3. Sodii Bicarbonas.Sodium Bicarbonate: Sodii Bicarbonas.Sodium Bicarbonate. NaHco3 = 83. 85. Synonyms. - Baking Soda. Sodium Sesquicarbonate. Soda. Source Made from the Carbonate in the same way as the Potassium Bicarbonate is made. Na2C...

4. Sodii Phosphas. Sodium Phosphate: Sodii Phosphas. Sodium Phosphate. Na3Hpo4+l2H2O= 357.32. Synonym. - Sodium Orthophosphate. Source Digest Bone Ash with Sulphuric Acid; Acid Calcium Phosphate is formed. Ca3(Po4)2+2H2So4=CaH4(Po4)2+ ...

5. Sodii Sulphas. Sodium Sulphate: Sodii Sulphas. Sodium Sulphate. Na2So4+10H2O= 321.42. Synonym. - Glauber's Salt. Source Neutralize with Sodium Carbonate, the residue left in the manufacture of Hydrochloric Acid from Salt. 2NaHso4+...

6. Potassii Et Sodii Tartras. Potassium And Sodium Tartrate: Potassii Et Sodii Tartras. Potassium And Sodium Tartrate. KNaC4H4O6+4H2O=258.51. Synonyms. - Rochelle Salt. Tartrated Soda. Source Add Acid Potassium Tartrate to a hot solution of Sodium Carbonate. ...

7. Sodii Chloridum. Sodium Chloride: Sodii Chloridum. Sodium Chloride. NaCl = 58.37. Synonym. - Common Salt Source Occurs native. Characters Colorless, transparent, cubical crystals, or a white, crystalline powder, odorless, and havi...

8. Sodii Sulphis. Sodium Sulphite: Sodii Sulphis. Sodium Sulphite. NaSo3+ 7H2O = 251.58. Source. - Saturate a solution of Sodium Carbonate or Caustic Soda with Sulphur Dioxide gas. Na2Co3 + So2 = Na2So3+Co2. Characters Colorless, tra...

9. Sodii Bisulphis. Sodium Bisulphite: Sodii Bisulphis. Sodium Bisulphite. NaHso3 = 103.86. Source. - From Sodium Carbonate or Bicarbonate and Sulphur Dioxide gas. NaHco3 + So2 = NaHso3 + CO,. Solubility. - In 4 parts of water; and in 72 p...

10. Sodii Hyposulphis. Sodium Hyposulphite: Sodii Hyposulphis. Sodium Hyposulphite. Na2S2O3 + 5H2O = 247.64. Synonym. - Sodium Thiosulphate. Source From Sodium Bisulphate in solution with Metallic Zinc. 3Na Hso3 + Zn =Na2S2O3 + Na2S2O3 + ZnO,...

16. Sodii Nitras. Sodium Nitrate: Sodii Nitras. Sodium Nitrate. NaNo3 = 84.89. Source. - Imported from Chili and Peru. Characters Colorless, transparent, rhombohedral crystals, odorless, having a cooling, saline and slightly bitter ...

17. Sodii Acetas. Sodium Acetate: Sodii Acetas. Sodium Acetate. NaC2H3O2 + 3H2O = 135.74. Source From Sodium Carbonate and Acetic Acid. Na2Co3+2Hc2 H3O2 = 2NaC2H3O2 4+ H2O + Co2. By evaporation to crystallization. Characters Color...

23. Sodii Chloras. Sodium Chlorate: Sodii Chloras. Sodium Chlorate. NaC103= 106.25. Source From Acid Sodium Tartrate and Potassium Chlorate in solution; by filtration, evaporation and crystallization. NaHc4h4o6 + Kc1o6. =NaClO3 + Khc...

24. Sodii Pyrophosphas. Sodium Pyrophosphate: Sodii Pyrophosphas. Sodium Pyrophosphate. Na4P2 O7+10H20O = 445.24. Source From heating Sodium Phosphate. 2Na2Hpo4 + 12H2O = Na4 P2O7+13H2O. Characters Colorless, transparent, monoclinic prisms, o...

25. Sodii Ethylas. Sodium Ethylate: Sodii Ethylas. Sodium Ethylate. - NaC2H2O = 67.90. (Not official.) Source By solution of Metallic Sodium in Ethylic Alcohol and crystallization. 2Na + 2C2H5OH = 2NaC2H6O + H2. Characters A delique...

III. Ammonium: Nh3= 17.01. 1. Aqua Ammonia Fortior. Stronger Ammonia Water Aqua Ammonia Fortior. Stronger Ammonia Water. 28 per cent. by weight of the gas (Nh3 = 17.01) dissolved in water. Source Generate Am...

Therapeutics of Solutions of Ammonia: External The liniment is used as a counter-irritant in numerous conditions, such as chronic joint disease, chronic rheumatism, etc., and is often rubbed on the chest in bronchitis. Ammonia is a very ...

4. Amnonii Chloridum. Ammonium Chloride: Amnonii Chloridum. Ammonium Chloride. Nh4c1 = 53.38. Synonyms. - Sal Ammoniac, Ammonium Muriate. Source Neutralize Gas Liquor with Sulphuric Acid, converting all to Ammonium Sulphate. 2Nh4ho + H2So4...

5. Liquor Ammonii Acetatis. Solution Of Ammonium Acetate: Liquor Ammonii Acetatis. Solution Of Ammonium Acetate. Synonym. - Spirit of Mindererus. An aqueous solution of Ammonium Acetate (Nh4c2h3o2 = 76.87), containing about 7 per cent. of the salt, together ...

9. Ammonii Nitras. Ammonium Nitrate: Ammonii Nitras. Ammonium Nitrate. Nh4no3 = 97.9. Source By treating commercial Ammonium Carbonate with Nitric Acid, filtration and evaporation. Nh4hco3 - Nh4nh2co2 + 3Hno3 = 3Nh4no3 + 2Co2 + H2O. C...

IV. Lithium: Li = 7.01. 1. Lithii Carbonas. Lithium Carbonate Lithii Carbonas. Lithium Carbonate. Li2Co3 = 73.87. Source. - By action of Lithium Chloride upon Ammonium Carbonate, filtration, washing with Alc...

I. Calcium: Ca=39.91. 1. Creta Praeparata. Prepared Chalk Creta Praeparata. Prepared Chalk. CaCo3=99.76. Synonym. - Drop Chalk. Source From Chalk by levigation, elutriation and drying. Characters A whit...

3. Calx. Lime: Calx. Lime. CaO=55.87. Synonym. - Burned Lime. Source Made by burning white marble, oyster shells, or the purest varieties of natural Calcium Carbonate, to expel Carbon Dioxide. Characters Hard wh...

1. Liquor Calcis. Solution Of Lime: Liquor Calcis. Solution Of Lime. Synonyms. - Lime Water. Solution of Calcium Hydrate. Source Made from slaked lime by solution. A saturated, aqueous solution of Calcium Hydrate. The percentage of Ca...

2. Linimentum Calcis. Lime Liniment: Linimentum Calcis. Lime Liniment. Synonym. - Carron Oil. Solution of Lime, Linseed Oil, of each, one volume. Mix them by agitation. ...

3. Syrupus Calcis. Syrup Of Lime: Syrupus Calcis. Syrup Of Lime. Lime, 60; Sugar, 400; Water, to 1000. Dose, 15 to 60 m.; 1. to 4. c.c. ...

4. Potassa Cum Calce. See Potassium, P: Potassa Cum Calce. See Potassium, P. 122. Action of Lime External Slaked lime is caustic. Lime water is astringent. Internal Alimentary tract. - Lime is antacid. It prevents milk from forming s...

4. Calcii Phosphas Praecipitatus.Precipitated Calcium Phosphate: Calcii Phosphas Praecipitatus.Precipitated Calcium Phosphate. Ca2(Po4)2=309.33. Synonym. - Precipitated Lime Phosphate. Source Made from Bone Ash (impure Calcium Phosphate) digested with diluted Hyd...

6. Calcii Chloridum. Calcium Chloride: Calcii Chloridum. Calcium Chloride. CaC12=110.65. Source. - Obtained by neutralizing Hydrochloric Acid with Calcium Carbonate and evaporating. CaCo3+2Hc1=CaCl2+Co2+H2O. This is rendered anhydrous by ...

10. Calcii Sulphas Exsiccatus.Dried Calcium Sulphate: Calcii Sulphas Exsiccatus.Dried Calcium Sulphate. Synonyms. - Dried Gypsum. Plaster of Paris. Source A powder containing about 95 per cent., by weight, of Calcium Sulphate (CaSo4=l35.73), and about ...

II. Strontium: Sr=87.3. I. Strontii Lactas. - Strontium Lactate. Sr(C3H5O3),+ 3H2O =318.76. Source From the carbonate, by dissolving it in lactic acid somewhat diluted with water; if necessary, heat is applied to...

III. Barium: Ba=136.9. Barii Dioxidum Barium Dioxide. BaO2=168.82. Synonym.- Barium Peroxide. Source By conducting oxygen over Barium Oxide, heated to full redness. Characters A heavy, grayish-white, or pa...

IV. Magnesium: Mg.=24.3. 1. Magnesii Sulphas.Magnesium Sulphate Magnesii Sulphas.Magnesium Sulphate. MgSo4+H2O =245.84. Synonym. - Epsom Salt Source It is obtained from (1) Dolomite (native Calcium and Magne...

Action of Magnesium Salts: External None. Internal Stomach and Intestines. - Magnesia and magnesium carbonate are antacid, acting in many ways like the potassium and sodium alkalies. Carbon dioxide is given off, if the carbo...

V. Cerium: Ce=139.9. Cerii Oxalas Cerium Oxalate. Ce2(C2O4)3+9H2O=704.78. Synonym. - Cerous Oxalate. Source The powdered mineral is heated with concentrated Sulphuric Acid, ignited, then dissolved in dilut...

I. Plumbum: The pharmacopoeial Salts of these metals are powerful astringents. Many of them have some Salts which are emetic, and others which, when applied locally, are Caustic. Aluminum pharmacologically falls ...

1. Plumbi Oxidum. Lead Oxide: Plumbi Oxidum. Lead Oxide. PbO=222.36. Synonym. - Litharge. Source Made by roasting Lead in air. Characters A heavy, yellowish or reddish-yellow powder or minute scales, without odor or taste. Sol...

1. Emplastrum Plumbi. Lead Plaster: Emplastrum Plumbi. Lead Plaster. This is lead oleate, and is sometimes called Diachylon Plaster. Lead Oxide, 3200, is boiled in water, and Olive Oil, 6000. When the mass has acquired a whitish color a...

2. Unguentum Diachylon. Diachylon Ointment: Unguentum Diachylon. Diachylon Ointment. Lead Plaster, 500; Olive Oil, 490; Oil of Lavender Flowers, 10. ...

2. Plumbi Acetas. Lead Acetate: Plumbi Acetas. Lead Acetate. Pb(C2H3O2)2+3H2O== 378.0. Synonym. - Sugar of Lead. Source Metallic Lead is dissolved, in the presence of air, in Acetic Acid. PbO+2C2H4O2+2H2O=Pb(C2H3O2)2+3H2O. To obta...

1. Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis. Solution Of Lead Subacetate: Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis. Solution Of Lead Subacetate. Synonym. - Goulard's Extract. Lead Acetate, 170; and Lead Oxide, 100; are boiled together in distilled water, to make 1000. An aqueous liquid co...

2. Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis Dilutus. Diluted Solution Of Lead Subacetate: Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis Dilutus. Diluted Solution Of Lead Subacetate. Synonym. - Lead Water. Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis 30; distilled water to 1000. ...

3. Ceratum Plumbi Subacetatis. Cerate Of Lead Subacetate: Ceratum Plumbi Subacetatis. Cerate Of Lead Subacetate. Synonym Goulard's Cerate. Solution of Lead Subacetate, 200; Camphor Cerate, 800. ...

3. Plumbi Carbonas. Lead Carbonate: Plumbi Carbonas. Lead Carbonate. A mixture of Carbonate and Hydrate. (PbCo3),Pb(OH)2=772.82. Synonym. - White Lead. Source Expose Lead to the vapor of Acetic Acid and to air charged with Carbon Diox...

4. Plumbi Nitras. Lead Nitrate: Plumbi Nitras. Lead Nitrate. Pb(No3)2=330.18. Source. - Dissolve Lead in warm diluted Nitric Acid. Characters. - Colorless, transparent, octahedral crystals, or white opaque crystals; without odor, an...

5. Plumbi Iodidum. Lead Iodide: Plumbi Iodidum. Lead Iodide. Pb12=430.46. Source Mix solutions of Lead Nitrate and Potassium Iodide and dry the precipitate. Pb(No3)2+ 2KI=2Kno3+PbI2. Characters. + A heavy, bright-yellow powder, w...

5. Plumbi Iodidum. Lead Iodide. Continued: Acute Lead Poisoning As when applied externally, so when taken internally, the lead salts, if concentrated, are powerful irritants. Cases of acute poisoning are rare. The Acetate is most frequently t...

II. Argentum: Ag.=107.66. I. Argenti Nitras. - Silver Nitrate. AgNo3=169.55. Synonym. - Lunar caustic. Source Dissolve Silver in Nitric Acid with the aid of heat. Evaporate and crystallize. 6Hno3+3Ag3=6AgNo3+ 2...

1. Argenti Nitras Dilutus. Diluted Nitrate Of Silver: Argenti Nitras Dilutus. Diluted Nitrate Of Silver. Synonym. - Mitigated caustic. Source It is a mixture made by fusing together Silver Nitrate, 30, and Potassium Nitrate, 60. The product is poured i...

2. Argenti Nitras Fusus. Moulded Nitrate Of Silver: Argenti Nitras Fusus. Moulded Nitrate Of Silver. Synonyms.-Lunar caustic. Lapis infernalis. Source By melting Silver Nitrate, 100; Hydrochloric Acid, 4; cooling in moulds. Characters A white, hard...

2. Argenti Oxidum. Silver Oxide: Argenti Oxidum. Silver Oxide. Ag2O=231.28. Source Shake a solution of Silver Nitrate with a solution of Potassa and wash the precipitate. 2AgNo3+2Koh=Ag2O+Kno3+ H2O. Characters A heavy, dark brown...

3. Argenti Cyanidum. Silver Cyanide: Argenti Cyanidum. Silver Cyanide. AgCN=l33.64. Source From Potassium Cyanide, which reacts with Silver Nitrate, producing the precipitate of Silver Cyanide. Kcn+AgNo3=AgCN+Kno3. Characters A white...

4. Argenti Iodidum. Silver Iodide: Argenti Iodidum. Silver Iodide. AgI=234.19. Source From Silver Nitrate and Potassium Iodide, washing and drying the precipitate. AgNo3+ K1=AgI+Kno3. Characters A heavy, amorphous, light-yellowish ...

III. Zincum: Zn.=65.10. 1. Zincum. Zinc Zincum. Zinc. Zn.=65.10. Source Roast the native Zinc Sulphide or Carbonate, and reduce the resulting Oxide with Charcoal. Characters A bluish-white metal in the ...

Zinc. Continued: 4. Zinci Sulphas. Zinc Sulphate Zinci Sulphas. Zinc Sulphate. ZnSo4+7H2O=286.64. Synonym. - White Vitriol. Source Made with Zinc and Sulphuric Acid as the chloride was made from Hydrochloric Acid, ...

Action of Zinc Salts: External These salts when applied to the broken skin or an ulcerated surface, are all astringents, acting by precipitating the albumin in the discharge and also that in the tissues. Thus they resembl...

IV. Cuprum: Cu=63.18. 1. Cupri Sulphas. Copper Sulphate Cupri Sulphas. Copper Sulphate. CuSo4+5H2O=248.8. Synonyms. - Blue Vitriol. Bluestone. Cupric Sulphate. Source Heat Copper and Sulphuric Acid togeth...

V. Bismuthum: Bi=208.9. 1. Bismuthi Subcarbonas. Bismuth Subcarbonate Bismuthi Subcarbonas. Bismuth Subcarbonate. (BiO)2 Co3+H2O?=527.53?. Source Dissolve Purified Bismuth in Nitric Acid and water, decant a...

Action of Bismuth Salts: External Bismuth salts have no action on the unbroken skin. Dusted on a raw surface they form a protecting coat, are germicidal, and are very mildly astringent. For this purpose the tribromophenolate...

VI. Aluminum: Al=27.04. 1. Alumen. Alum Alumen. Alum. A12K2(So4)2+24H2O=946.46. Synonyms. - Aluminum and Potassium Sulphate. Potassium Alum. Source Made from Alum Slate or Shale (a mixture of Aluminum Silic...

Action of Aluminum Salts: External They have no action on the unbroken skin, but coagulate the albumin of the discharges from ulcers, sores, etc., and thus form a protecting covering to the parts, and act as efficient astring...

I. Ferrum: It is probable that the action of these drugs is, in some respects, similar. I. Ferrum Fe=55.88. 1. Ferrum. Metallic Iron In Form Of Fine, Bright And Nonelastic Wire Ferrum. Metallic Iron In...

I. Ferrum. Part 2: 3. Mistura Ferri Composita. Compound Iron Mixture Mistura Ferri Composita. Compound Iron Mixture. Synonym. - Griffith's Mixture. Ferrous Sulphate, 7; Potassium Carbonate, 8; Myrrh, 18; Sugar, 18; Spi...

I. Ferrum. Part 3: 9. Ferri Lactas. Ferrous Lactate Ferri Lactas. Ferrous Lactate. Fe(C3H5O3)2+3H2O= 87.34. Source By crystallization from a solution of Lactic Acid and Iron in distilled water. Characters Pale, gre...

I. Ferrum. Part 4: 13. Liquor Ferri Nitratis. Solution Of Ferric Nitrate Liquor Ferri Nitratis. Solution Of Ferric Nitrate. Fe2(No3)6=483.1. An aqueous solution containing about 6.2 per cent. of the Anhydrous Salt, and...

I. Ferrum. Part 6: 24. Ferri Et Ammonii Citras. Iron And Ammonium Citrate Ferri Et Ammonii Citras. Iron And Ammonium Citrate. Synonym. - Ammonio-Ferric Citrate. Source From evaporation of a solution of Ferric Citrate...

I. Ferrum. Part 7: 29. Ferri Et Quininae Citras Solubilis. Soluble Iron And Quinine Citrate Ferri Et Quininae Citras Solubilis. Soluble Iron And Quinine Citrate. Source Dissolve Ferric Citrate, 85; in distilled wate...

Action of Iron and its Salts: External: - Solutions of iron salts are antiseptic. They have no action on the unbroken skin, but when applied locally to the abraded skin, sores, ulcers, and mucous membranes, the ferric salts are po...

Therapeutics of Iron and its Salts: External Solutions of the sulphate, chloride, nitrate and Liquor Ferri Subsulphatis (Monsel's solution), are the most valuable local astringents we have. It matters very little which of these is used...

II. Manganum: Mn.=54.8. 1. Mangani Dioxidum. Manganese Dioxide Mangani Dioxidum. Manganese Dioxide. MnO2=86.72. Synonym. - Black Manganese Oxide. Source Native crude Manganese Dioxide containing at least 66...

I. Aurum: Au=196.7. Auri Et Sodii Chloridum Gold and Sodium Chloride. A mixture composed of equal parts by weight of dry Gold Chloride (AuCl3= 302.81) and Sodium Chloride (NaCl=s8.37). Characters An orang...

II. Hydrargyrum: Hg=199.8. I. Hydrargyrum. - Mercury. Synonym. - Quicksilver. Source Cinnabar, the native Sulphide, is roasted or distilled with Lime; the volatile Mercury is condensed in suitable aludels. Charact...

II. Hydrargyrum. Part 2: 1. Unguentum Hydrargyri Oxidi Flavi. Ointment Of Yellow Mercuric Oxide Unguentum Hydrargyri Oxidi Flavi. Ointment Of Yellow Mercuric Oxide. Yellow Mercuric Oxide, 10; Ointment, 90. 2. Oleatum Hy...

II. Hydrargyrum. Part 3: 8. Liquor Hydrargyri Nitratis. Solution Of Mercuric Nitrate Liquor Hydrargyri Nitratis. Solution Of Mercuric Nitrate. A liquid containing about 60 per cent. of Mercuric Nitrate. Hg(No3)2=323.58, toge...

Action of Mercury and its Salts: External Corrosive mercuric chloride is one of the most powerful and important antiseptics with which we are acquainted. In 1870 it was discovered that 1 part in 6000 would kill infusoria and spermat...

Therapeutics of Mercury and its Salts: External Antiseptic action. - Solutions of the corrosive chloride are very largely employed. A strength of 1 in 1000 is used for washing the hands, for washing the parts to be operated upon, for soak...

Therapeutics of Mercury and its Salts. Continued: Absorbent Action All mercurial ointments and the oleate, when applied to or gently rubbed into any part which is chronically inflamed, often aid the absorption of the products of inflammation, if the...

13. Sal Alembroth: Sal Alembroth. Not Official. Ammonio-Mercuric Chloride. A double Mercury and Ammonium Chloride. Source Mix 271 parts of Corrosive Mercuric Chloride with 107 of Ammonium Chloride, both in solution, a...

14. Mercurozinc Cyanide: Mercurozinc Cyanide. (Not Official). ) This consists of one molecule of Mercuric Cyanide combined with four molecules of Zinc Cyanide. Characters A white powder. Uses of Mercuro-Zinc Cyanide. Merc...

Modes Of Administration Of Mercurials: (1) By the mouth. - The Liquor Hydrargyri Perchloridi B. P. which is corrosive mercuric chloride, 1; ammonium chloride, 1; water, 1000 is often given to adults, usually in doses of I to 2 fl. dr. 4. t...

Mercurials Toxicology: Acute poisoning is not rare. Salts of mercury, especially the mercuric, produce severe gastro-intestinal irritation, causing great pain, vomiting and diarrhoea. The corrosive chloride and white precip...

Group VII. Arsenic, Antimony, Chromium: The compounds of these metals have several physiological and some chemical points in common. The oxide of each is externally a powerful caustic. Internally Arsenic, Antimony, and (as far as we know) C...

I. Arsenum: As=74.9. 1. Acidum Arsenosum. Arsenous Acid Acidum Arsenosum. Arsenous Acid. As2O3=197.68. Synonyms. - Arsenic Trioxide. White Arsenic Source Arsenical ores are roasted and purified by sublima...

Action of Arsenical Compounds: External Arsenous acid has no action on the skin, but applied to raw surfaces it is a powerful caustic. Internal Alimentary canal. - Unless the dose be very small all preparations containing arseni...

Therapeutics of Arsenical Compounds: External Formerly arsenous acid was used as a caustic to destroy growths, lupus, warts, etc., either pure or as a paste. Marsden's paste consists of arsenous acid, 1; powdered acacia, 2 parts. Arseno...

Toxicology of Arsenical Compounds: Acute Poisoning Arsenous acid is frequently used as a poison. The forms most employed are Scheele's and Paris Green (cupric arsenite), and Schweinfurth's Green (a compound of cupric arsenite and arse...

II. Antimonium: Sb. =119.6. 1. Antimonii Sulphidum. Antimony Sulphide Antimonii Sulphidum. Antimony Sulphide. Sb2S3= 335.14. Synonym. - Antimony Trisulphide. Source Native Antimony Sulphide purified by fusion...

Action of Salts of Antimony: External Antimonial compounds are powerful external irritants. The Liquor Antimonii Chloridi of the B. P., which is a solution of antimony chloride in hydrochloric acid is a severe caustic Tartar eme...

Therapeutics of Salts of Antimony: External A solution of antimony chloride, known as Butter of Antimony, has been used as a caustic, but its employment has been abandoned, as the sore produced is difficult to heal. Many years ago an ...

III. Chromium: Cr.=52.0. 1. Acidum Chromicum. Chromic Acid Acidum Chromicum. Chromic Acid. CrO3=99.88. Synonyms. - Chromic Anhydride. Chromic Trioxide. Source Dissolve Potassium Dichromate in Sulphuric Acid ...

Group VIII. Phosphorus: Containing Phosphorus only. Phosphorus P. =30.96. Source Treat Bone Ash or Lime Phosphate with Sulphuric Acid and water, filter and evaporate. Ca3(Po4)+2H2So4=CaH4(Po4)2+2CaSo4. Heat the Acid Ca...

Therapeutics of Phosphorus: Phosphorus has been used in osteomalacia, in rickets, and in cases of ununited fracture. Without doubt it promotes calcareous deposit in the healing of fractures. It is of value in the convalescence f...

1. Calcii Hypophosphis. Calcium Hypophosphite: Calcii Hypophosphis. Calcium Hypophosphite. Ca(P H2O2)2=169.67. Source Heat Phosphorus with Milk of Lime. Then pass Carbon Dioxide through the liquid to remove the excess of Lime. The Hypophosphite ...

2. Sodii Hypophosphis. Sodium Hypophosphite: Sodii Hypophosphis. Sodium Hypophosphite. NaPh2o3 +H2O=105.84. Source Add Sodium Carbonate to a solution of Lime Hypophosphite and evaporate the filtrate. Ca(Ph2o2)2+Na2Co3=CaCo3+2NaPh2o2. Characte...

3. Potassii Hypophosphis. Potassium Hypophosphite: Potassii Hypophosphis. Potassium Hypophosphite. Kph2o2=103.91. Source From double decomposition of Calcium Hypophosphite and Potassium Carbonate; the Potassium Hypophosphite remains in solution. Ca(...

1. Syrupus Hypophosphitum. Syrup Of The Hypophosphites: Syrupus Hypophosphitum. Syrup Of The Hypophosphites. Calcium Hypophosphite, 45; Sodium Hypophosphite, 15; Potassium Hypophosphite, 15; diluted Hypophosphorous Acid, 2; Spirit of Lemon, 5; sugar, 500;...

2. Syrupus Hypophosphitum Cum Ferro. Syrup Of The Hypophosphites With Iron: Syrupus Hypophosphitum Cum Ferro. Syrup Of The Hypophosphites With Iron. , Ferrous Lactate, 10; Potassium Citrate, 10; Syrup of the Hypo-phosphites, to 1000. Dose, 1 to 2 fl. dr.; 4. to 8. c.c. ...

4. Ferri Hypophosphis. Ferric Hypophosphite: Ferri Hypophosphis. Ferric Hypophosphite. Fe2(Ph2 O2)6=501.04. Source A solution of Sodium Hypophosphite is added to a solution of Ferric Chloride, the precipitate is washed and dried with moderate ...

5. Zinci Phosphidum. Zinc Phosphide: Zinci Phosphidum. Zinc Phosphide. Zn3P2=257.22. Source. - From vapor of Phosphorus in a current of dry Hydrogen over heated Zinc, after all atmospheric air is expelled. Characters A gritty powder of...

6. Acidum Hypophosphorosum Dilutum. Diluted Hypophosphorous Acid: Acidum Hypophosphorosum Dilutum. Diluted Hypophosphorous Acid. A liquid composed of about 10 per cent., by weight, of absolute Hypophosphorous Acid (Hph2o2=65.88) and about 90 per cent. of water. Sou...

7. Calcii Glycerophosphate. Calcium Glycerophosphate: Calcii Glycerophosphate. Calcium Glycerophosphate. (Not official.) Source Phosphoric Acid, 30; mixed with Glycerin, 36; is kept at a little above normal body temperature for six days, being shaken s...

8. Sodii Glycerophosphate. Sodium Glycerophosphate: Sodii Glycerophosphate. Sodium Glycerophosphate. (Not official.) Source By a method similar to that given above, a Sodium being substituted for a Calcium Salt. Characters A white, crystalline powd...

I. Chlorum: These elements, which are chemically so closely allied, are all of them powerful disinfectants and irritants. I. Chlorum. Chlorine Chlorum Chlorine. C1=35.37. This gas is not official under it...

1. Aqua Chlori. Chlorine Water: Aqua Chlori. Chlorine Water. An aqueous solution of Chlorine (Cl=35.37) containing at least 0.4 per cent. of the gas. Source Pass washed Chlorine gas into water. The gas is obtained by heating dilut...

2. Calx Chlorata. Chlorinated Lime: Calx Chlorata. Chlorinated Lime. A compound resulting from the action of Chlorine upon Calcium Hydrate, and containing not less than 35 per cent. of available Chlorine. Synonym. - Bleaching powder. It...

3. Liquor Sodae Chlorate. Solution Of Chlorinated Soda: Liquor Sodae Chlorate. Solution Of Chlorinated Soda. Synonym. - Labarraque's solution. An aqueous solution of several Chlorine compounds of Sodium, chiefly NaCl and NaCio, containing at least 2.6 per ...

Action of Chlorine: External Chlorine is one of the most powerful disinfectants and deodorizers. It has a very great affinity for hydrogen, and hence decomposes compounds which contain hydrogen, oxygen generally being s...

II. Iodum: Iodum Iodine. I =126.53. Source Obtained from the ashes of sea-weed and from the mother-liquor of Chilian Sodium Nitrate. Characters Heavy bluish-black, dry and friable rhombic plates, having a m...

Therapeutics of Iodine: External Iodine is rarely employed for its antiseptic properties, as chlorine is cheaper. The preparations of iodine are in constant use as irritants and counter-irritants. Usually one or two coats o...

1. Syrupus Acidi Hydriodici. Syrup Of Hydriodic Acid: Syrupus Acidi Hydriodici. Syrup Of Hydriodic Acid. A syrupy liquid containing about I per cent., by weight, of absolute Hydriodic Acid (111=127.53). Source Dissolve Potassium Iodide, 13; and Potassi...

2. Unguentum Potassii Iodidi. Ointment Of Potassium Iodide: Unguentum Potassii Iodidi. Ointment Of Potassium Iodide. Potassium Iodide, 12; Sodium Hyposulphite, 1; hot water, 10; Ben-zoinated Lard, 77. ...

2. Sodii Iodidum. Sodium Iodide: Sodii Iodidum. Sodium Iodide. NaI=149.53. Source Made from a solution of Soda, as Potassium Iodide is made from a solution of Potassa. 3I2+6NaHO=5NaI+NaIo3+3H2O. Characters Colorless, cubical crys...

3. Ammonii Iodidum. Ammonium Iodide: Ammonii Iodidum. Ammonium Iodide. NI f=144.54. Source Dissolve Potassium Iodide and Ammonium Sulphate in boiling water, add Alcohol, filter, wash, and evaporate the filtrate to dryness. 2KI+ (Nh4)2S...

4. Strontii Iodidum. Strontium Iodide: Strontii Iodidum. Strontium Iodide. SrI2+6H2O=448.l2. Source. - By neutralization of freshly prepared solution of Hydriodic Acid with Strontium Carbonate; the filtrate is concentrated and the salt obt...

5. Zinci Iodidum. Zinc Iodide: Zinci Iodidum. Zinc Iodide. ZnI2=318.16. Source By digesting an excess of Zinc, with Iodine diffused in water. Zn+I2+H2O=ZnI2+H2O. Characters A white, granular powder, odorless, and having a sharp...

Action of the Iodides: External They have none. They do not irritate, and they are absorbed by the unbroken skin in very small quantities. Internal There is much uncertainty about the action of iodides, which is not surp...

III. Bromum. Bromine: Bromum Bromine. Br.79.76. Source A liquid obtained from sea water and saline springs. Characters A heavy, dark, brownish-red, mobile liquid, evolving, even at ordinary temperatures, a yellowish-r...

Action of the Bromides: External They have none. Internal Alimentary canal. - Solutions of any of the first three bromides, frequently painted on the throat, diminish its sensibility. Medicinal doses have no other effect ...

8. Acidum Hydrobromicum Dilutum. Diluted Hydrobromic Acid: Acidum Hydrobromicum Dilutum. Diluted Hydrobromic Acid. A liquid compound of 10 per cent., by weight, of absolute Hydrobromic Acid (HBr=80.76) in water. Source Potassium Bromide, in solution, is mix...

Group X. Sulphur: Containing Sulphur and its compounds. Sulphur S=31.98. Sulphur is official in three forms. ...

1. Sulphur Sublimatum. Sublimed Sulphur: Sulphur Sublimatum. Sublimed Sulphur. Synonym.- Flowers of Sulphur. Source From Crude Sulphur by sublimation. Characters A fine, yellow powder, having a slight, characteristic odor and a faintly a...

2. Sulphur Praecipitatum. Precipitated Sulphur: Sulphur Praecipitatum. Precipitated Sulphur. Synonym. - Milk of Sulphur. Lac Sulphuris. Source Boil Sublimed Sulphur, 100; with Slaked Lime, 50; in water. 6S2+3Ca(OH)2=2CaS5+CaS2O3+3H2O. This gives ...

3. Sulphur Lotum. Washed Sulphur: Sulphur Lotum. Washed Sulphur. Source Sublimed Sulphur, 100; with water, 100; and Ammonia Water, 10; is digested, filtered, drained and dried. Characters A fine, yellow powder, without odor or ta...

Action of Sulphur: External Sulphur itself has no action on the skin, but some of it is converted into hydrogen sulphide, and that is a mild vascular stimulant, causing slight dilatation of the vessels, and in some per...

4. Potassa Sulphurata. Sulphurated Potassa: Potassa Sulphurata. Sulphurated Potassa. Synonym. - Liver of Sulphur. A mixture consisting for the most part of Potassium Hyposulphite (K2S2O3) and Sulphide (K2S3). Source Heat in a crucible a mixtu...

5. Calx Sulphurata. Sulphurated Lime: Calx Sulphurata. Sulphurated Lime. Synonym. - Crude Calcium Sulphide. A mixture containing at least 60 per cent. of Calcium Monosulphide (CaS=71.89), together with unchanged Calcium Sulphate (CaSo4=l3...

6. Sulphuris Iodidum. Sulphur Iodide: Sulphuris Iodidum. Sulphur Iodide. SI=158.51. Source By heating washed Sulphur, 120; with Iodine, 80, to liquefaction; when solid after cooling, reduce the fused mass to pieces. Characters Brittle...

Action of Sulphurated Potash, Sulphurated Lime, and Sulphur Iodide: External These preparations are irritant, and are powerful parasiticides for the Sarcoptes scabiei. Internal Nothing is known of their internal action. Therapeutics of Sulphurated Potash, Sulphu...

7. Carbonei Disulphidum. Carbon Disulphide: Carbonei Disulphidum. Carbon Disulphide. Cs2= 75.93. Synonym. - Carbon Bisulphide. Source By combination of Carbon and Sulphur, by distillation. Characters A clear, colorless, highly refractive li...

Group XI. Acids: Those acids which will be considered here may be divided into two classes. ...

Class I. Those Which Are Strongly Acid, The More Powerfully Acid Being Active Caustics: They are Sulphuric, Nitric, Hydrochloric, Nitrohydro-chloric, Phosphoric, Acetic, Tartaric, Citric and Lactic acids. Hypo-phosphorous, Hydriodic and Hydrobromic acids might be placed here, but they ha...

1. Acidum Sulphuricum. Sulphuric Acid: Acidum Sulphuricum. Sulphuric Acid. Synonym.- Oil of Vitriol. A liquid composed of not less than 92.5 per cent., by weight, of absolute Sulphuric Acid (H2So4=97.82) and 7.5 per cent. of water. Source...

1. Acidum Sulphuricum Dilutum. Diluted Sulphuric Acid: Acidum Sulphuricum Dilutum. Diluted Sulphuric Acid. Sulphuric Acid, 100; distilled. water, 825. Sp. gr., about 1.070. Contains 10 per cent., by weight, of absolute Sulphuric Acid. Dose, 10 to 30 m.; ...

2. Acidum Nitricum. Nitric Acid: Acidum Nitricum. Nitric Acid. A liquid composed of 68 per cent., by weight, of absolute Nitric Acid (Hno3=62.89), and 32 per cent of water. Source Made from Potassium Nitrate by distilling with Sulp...

1. Acidum Nitricum Dilutum. Diluted Nitric Acid: Acidum Nitricum Dilutum. Diluted Nitric Acid. Nitric Acid, 100; distilled water, 580. Sp. gr., about 1.057. It contains 10 per cent., by weight, of absolute Nitric Acid. Dose, 5 to 30 m.; .30 to 2.00...

2. Acidum Nitrohydrochloricum. Nitrohydrochloric Acid: Acidum Nitrohydrochloricum. Nitrohydrochloric Acid. Synonyms. - Nitromuriatic Acid. Aqua regia. Nitric Acid, 180; Hydrochloric Acid, 820. ...

3. Acidum Nitrohydrochloricum Dilutum. Diluted Nitrohydrochloric Acid: Acidum Nitrohydrochloricum Dilutum. Diluted Nitrohydrochloric Acid. Synonym. - Diluted Nitromuriatic Acid. Nitric Acid, 40; Hydrochloric Acid, 180; distilled water, 780. Contains Free Chlorine, Hydroc...

3. Acidum Hydrochloricum. Hydrochloric Acid: Acidum Hydrochloricum. Hydrochloric Acid. Synonym. - Muriatic Acid. A liquid compound of 31.9 per cent., by weight, of Absolute Hydrochloric Acid (Hc1=36.37) and 68.1 per cent. of water. Source The ...

1. Acidum Hydrochloricum Dilutum. Diluted Hydrochloric Acid: Acidum Hydrochloricum Dilutum. Diluted Hydrochloric Acid. Synonym. - Diluted Muriatic Acid. Hydrochloric Acid, 100; distilled water, 219. Sp. gr., about 1.050. Diluted Hydrochloric Acid is contained ...

2. Acidum Nitrohydrochloricum. See Nitric Acid: Acidum Nitrohydrochloricum. See Nitric Acid. ...

3. Acidum Nitrohydrochloricum Dilutum. See Nitric Acid: Acidum Nitrohydrochloricum Dilutum. See Nitric Acid. ...

4. Acidum Phosphoricum. Phosphoric Acid: Acidum Phosphoricum. Phosphoric Acid. A liquid composed of not less than 85 per cent., by weight, of absolute Orthophos-phoric Acid (H3Po4=97.8), in water. Source When Phosphorus is brought into con...

5. Acidum Aceticum. Acetic Acid: Acidum Aceticum. Acetic Acid. A liquid composed of 36 per cent., by weight, of absolute Acetic Acid (Hc2h3o2=59.86) and 64 per cent. of water. Source By distilling Sodium Acetate with Sulphuric Acid...

6. Acidum Aceticum Glaciale. Glacial Acetic Acid: Acidum Aceticum Glaciale. Glacial Acetic Acid. Hc2h3o2=59.86. Source Distil dry Sodium Acetate with strong Sulphuric Acid. NaC2H3O2+H2So4=Hc2h3o2+NaHso4. Characters A clear, colorless liquid, of a...

9. Acidum Lacticum. Lactic Acid: Acidum Lacticum. Lactic Acid. Hc3h5o3=89.79. Source Usually obtained by subjecting milk-sugar or grape-sugar to lactic fermentation. It contains 75 per cent. by weight of absolute Lactic Acid, in aq...

Action of Sulphuric, Nitric, Hydrochloric, Phosphoric, Acetic, Citric, Tartaric and Lactic Acids: External All these acids are powerful irritants when applied externally. The feeblest is citric. Its concentrated solution has no action on the sound skin, but is irritant to mucous membranes and abr...

Therapeutics of Sulphuric, Nitric, Hydrochloric, Phosphoric, Acetic, Citric, Tartaric and Lactic Acids: External Nitric acid is more often used as a caustic than the others, for, owing to their great affinity for water, it is difficult to limit the action of sulphuric and phosphoric acids; and the rema...

1. Acidum Sulphurosum. Sulphurous Acid: Acidum Sulphurosum. Sulphurous Acid. A liquid com-posed of not less than 6.4 per cent. by weight of Sulphurous Acid Gas (Sulphur Dioxide, So2=63.q), and not more than 93.6 per cent. of water. Source ...

2. Acidum Boricum. Boric Acid: Acidum Boricum. Boric Acid. H3Bo3=61.78. Synonym.-- Boracic Acid. Source Native from Northern Tuscany, or made by the action of Hydrochloric Acid on Borax by filtration and recrystallization. Na2B4O...

3. Sodii Boras. Sodium Borate: Sodii Boras. Sodium Borate. Na2B4O7 + 10H2O = 380.72. Synonyms. - Borax. Sodium Pyroborate. Source Native, as a saline incrustation on the shores of certain lakes and as a crystalline deposit at the...

Action of Boric Acid and Borax: External Both boric acid and borax have the power of destroying micro-organisms and are thus disinfectant and antiseptic, but their value is slight, and they are much more active in preventing than i...

Group XII. Carbon And Its Compounds. Class I. Drugs which Act Mechanically. Carbon, Petrolatum and Benzin: This class includes carbon in its three official forms, and the hydrocarbons. ...

I. Carbo. Charcoal: C=11.97. 1. Carbo Animalis. Animal Charcoal Carbo Animalis. Animal Charcoal. Synonym. - Bone-black. Source. - Expose bones, deprived of fat, in iron cylinders, to red heat without access of air,...

1. Petrolatum Liquidum. Liquid Petrolatum: Petrolatum Liquidum. Liquid Petrolatum. Source A mixture of Hydrocarbons, chiefly of the Marsh-gas series, obtained by distilling off the lighter and more volatile portions from Petroleum, and puri...

2. Petrolatum Molle. Soft Petrolatum: Petrolatum Molle. Soft Petrolatum. Synonym. - Soft Petroleum Ointment. Source A mixture of Hydrocarbons, chiefly of the Marsh gas series, obtained by distilling off the lighter and more volatile por...

3. Petrolatum Spissum. Hard Petrolatum: Petrolatum Spissum. Hard Petrolatum. Synonym.- Hard Petroleum Ointment. Source A mixture of Hydrocarbons, chiefly of the Marsh-gas series, obtained by distilling off the lighter and more volatile po...

III. Benzinum. Benzin: Synonyms Petroleum Benzin. Petroleum Ether. A purified distillate from American Petroleum, consisting of hydrocarbons, chiefly of the Marsh-gas series (C5H12, C6H14, and homologous compounds). Chara...

Class II. The Anaesthetics. Alcohol, Chloroform, Ether, and Acetic Ether: These substances produce local anaesthesia by evaporation. They are rubefacient if their vapor is confined. The stomach, heart and central nervous system are first stimulated and then depressed by the...

I. Alcohol. Ethyl Alcohol: C2H5OH=45.9. Alcohol is official in the eight following forms: ...

1. Alcohol: Alcohol. A Liquid Composed Of About 91 Per Cent by weight, or 94 per cent., by volume, of Ethyl Alcohol, and about 9 per cent., by weight, of water. Synonyms. - Ethylic Alcohol. Spirit of Wine. Sourc...

2. Alcohol Absolutum. Absolute Alcohol: Alcohol Absolutum. Absolute Alcohol. Ethyl Alcohol, containing not more than I per cent, by weight, of water. Source By percolation of the strongest and purest Alcohol through recently burned lime, ...

3. Alcohol Deodoratum. Deodorized Alcohol: Alcohol Deodoratum. Deodorized Alcohol. A liquid composed of about 92.5 per cent, by weight, or 95.1 per cent., by volume, of Ethyl Alcohol, and about 7.5 per cent., by weight, of water. Source The ...

4. Spiritus Vini Gallici. Brandy: Spiritus Vini Gallici. Brandy. Source An alcoholic liquid obtained by the distillation of the fermented, unmodified juice of fresh grapes, and at least four years old. Characters A pale, amber-co...

5. Spiritus Frumenti. Whiskey: Spiritus Frumenti. Whiskey. Source An alcoholic liquid obtained by the distillation of the mash of fermented grain (usually a mixture of corn, wheat and rye), and at least two years old. Character...

6. Vinum Album. White Wine: Vinum Album. White Wine. Source An alcoholic liquid, made by fermenting the juice of fresh grapes, the fruit of Vitis Vinifera (nat ord. Vitaceae), freed from seeds, stems and skins. Characters A...

7. Vinum Rubrum. Red Wine: Vinum Rubrum. Red Wine. Source An alcoholic liquid, made by fermenting the juice of fresh colored grapes, the fruit of Vitis Vinifera (nat. ord. Vitaceae) in presence of their skins. Characters A...

Amount of Ethyl Alcohol by Volume in Various Important Substances: Alcohol Absolutum .. contains 99 percent. Alcohol Deodoratum .. 95.1 Alcohol......... 94 Spiritus Rectific...

Action of Alcohol: External It is a powerful antiseptic, preventing the formation of and killing putrefactive bacteria. If applied to the skin, alcohol quickly evaporates. It therefore cools the skin, which consequentl...

Therapeutics of Alcohol: External Four parts of alcohol to one of water form the Lotio Spiritus of many pharmacopoeias. Cotton or lint dipped in it are applied to sprained joints, bruises, etc. The alcohol evaporates, cools ...

II. Alcohol Amylicum. Amylic Alcohol: (Not official. ) - C5H11OH=87.81. Synonym. - Fusel Oil. Source Separated during the rectification of crude spirit and re-distilled at from 2500 to 2600 F.; 121. 1 to 126.6 C. Characters ...

III. Chloroformum. Chloroform: Chcl3=119.08. A liquid consisting of 99 to 99.4 per cent., by weight, of absolute Chloroform, and I to 0.6 per cent. of Alcohol. Synonyms. - Chloroformum Purificatum. Trichloromethane. Source Heat w...

Action of Chloroform: External Chloroform in many respects acts like alcohol; but it is more powerful. Thus if allowed to evaporate on the skin it produces cold; therefore the vessels at the point of application contract,...

Therapeutics of Chloroform: External Chloroform is employed in the form of the liniment to produce rubefacient and irritant effects in cases of chronic rheumatism, myalgia and chronic inflammations. Internal It may be used as...

IV. Aether. Ether: (C2H5)2O=73.84. Synonyms. - Sulphuric Ether. Ethylic Ether. Ethyl Oxide. A liquid composed of about 96 per cent., by weight, of absolute Ether, and about 4 per cent. of Alcohol containing a little wat...

Action of Ether: External Ether evaporates very quickly, producing great cold, and consequently the part to which it has been applied becomes white from the contraction of the vessels. The cold is sufficient to cause...

Therapeutics of Ether: External Ether, allowed to evaporate, may be used to cause local anaesthesia in cases of neuralgia. An ether spray is occasionally employed to produce local anaesthesia for small operations, but as t...

V. Ather Aceticus. Acetic Ether: C2H5C2H3O2=87.8. Synonym. - Ethyl Acetate. A liquid composed of about 98.5 per cent., by weight, of Ethyl Acetate and about 1.5 per cent. of Alcohol, containing a little water. Source A mixture of S...

VI. Aethyl Bromidum. Ethyl Bromide: (not official) C2H5Br=108.70. Synonyms.- AEiher Bromatus. Hydrobromic Ether. This must be carefully distinguished from Ethylene Bromide. Source From a well cooled mixture of Sulphuric Acid, 12; and...

VII. Bromoformum. Bromoform: (Not Official) Chbr3=252.25. Synonym. - Tri-bromomethane. Source By the action of Sodium Hypobromite (which is obtained when Bromine is added to a solution of Sodium Hydroxide) on Acetone. Charact...

VIII. Pentalum. Pental: (Not Official) C5H10=69.85. Synonym. - Trimethylethylene. Source It is obtained from Amylic Alcohol by digestion with Zinc Chloride for twenty-four hours, and fractional distillation. Characters ...

I. Sodii Nitris: All these dilate the peripheral vessels, and increase the rapidity of the heart I. Sodii Nitris. Sodium Nitrite NaNo2=68.93. Source Made by heating Sodium Nitrate with Lead, which becomes an oxi...

II. Amyl Nitris. Amyl Nitrite: C5H11No2=116.78. A liquid containing about 80 per cent. of Amyl (principally Iso-Amyl) Nitrite, together with variable quantities of undetermi-|ned compounds. Source By action of Nitric Acid upon Am...

III. Glonoinum. Spiritus Glonoini: Spirit of Glonoin. Synonym. - Spirit of Nitroglycerin. An alcoholic solution of Glonoin, Glyceryl (or Propenyl) trinitrate, Nitroglycerin, or Trinitrin; C3H5(No3)3=226.58, containing I per cent., by w...

IV. Erythrol Nitrate. Erythrol Nitras: Erythrol Nitrate (not official), (Ch2ono2) 2(Cho.No2)2=28l.44. Synonym. - Erythrol Tetranitrate. Source. - By the nitration of Erythrite (C4H6(Oh4). Characters Hard, colorless, acicular crystals. So...

I. Chloral: Besides these the following drugs are considered: Butyl-Chloral Hydrate Chloralamide, Chloretone, Chloralose, Amylene Hydrate, Sulphonal, Trional and Urethane; none of which are official. I. Chlora...

Action of Chloral: External It is a powerful antiseptic. Locally applied it is irritant, causing vesication. Chloral rubbed up with equal parts of menthol and camphor is a local anodyne. Internal Alimentary canal. - ...

Therapeutics of Chloral: External The compound with camphor equal weights of camphor and chloral rubbed together to form a liquid has been employed as a local anodyne for neuralgia, and may be applied to aching teeth. To thi...

II. Butyl-Chloral Hydras. Butyl-Chloral Hydrate: B. P., not official. - C4H5C13 O+H2O=192.91. Synonym. - Croton Chloral Hydrate. (This is a misnomer. ) Source Dry Chlorine Gas is passed through Aldehyde. Butyl-chloral (C4H6Cl3O) is formed. It is s...

III. Chloral Formamidatum. Chloral Form Amide: (Not official.)-CCl3CH.OH.Conh2 =191.95. Synonym. - Chloralamide. Source By the combination of Chloral and Formamide. CCl3Cho+ Chonh2=CCl3CH.OH.Conh2. Characters Shining colorless crystals, witho...

IV. Chloretonum. Chloretone: (Not official.) Synonyms. - Trichlor-lerliary Butyl Alcohol. Acetone-Chloroform. Source From equal weights of Acetone and Chloroform when Caustic Potash is added. Characters A white crystalline po...

V. Anhydrogluco-Chloral. Chloralose: Not Official C8H11C13O6=259.85. Source By heating together Anhydrous Chloral and Glucose, the soluble Chloralose is formed which crystallizes. C2HCl3O+C6H12O=C8H11Cl3O6+ H2O. Characters In small ...

VI. Amyleni Hydras. Amylene Hydrate: (Not official.)-(Ch3)2C2H5Coh=87.8l. Synonyms. - Dimethylethylcarbinol. Tertiary Amylic Alcohol. Source By the action of Sulphuric Acid on Amylene, separation of the Amylene-sulphuric Acid, dilution...

VII. Paraldehydum. Paraldehyde: C6H12O3=131.7. Source A product of the polymerization of Ethylic Aldehyde by means of various Acids or Salts. For example, Ethylic Aldehyde may be acted on by Hydrochloric Acid, Carbonyl Chloride (C...

VIII. Sulphonalum. Sulphonal: B. P., not official. - C7H16S2O4=227.59. Synonym. - Diethylsulphondimethylmethane. (Ch3)2C(So2c2h5)2=227.59. Source Mercaptan (Ethyl Hydrosulphide) is combined with Acetone to form Mercaptol, which ...

IX. Trionalum. Trional: (Not official.) - Ch3c(S02C2H5)2C2H5=241.56. Synonym. - Diethylsulphonmethylethylmethane. This contains three Ethyl groups instead of two as does Sulphonal. Source It is prepared as in Sulphonal, ex...

X. Urethanum. Urethane: (Not official.) - CO. Nh2.Oc2h5==88.94. Synonyms. - Ethyl Carbamate. Ethyl Ureihane. Source By the interaction of Urea Nitrate and Ethyl Alcohol; and crystallization on cooling. Characters Colorle...

I. Acetanilidum: Drugs which have an Antipyretic or Analgesic Action. The single official representative is Acetanilid. Antipyrin and Phenacetin (B. P.), Exalgin, Lactophenin, Phenocoll Hydrochloride and Thallin Sulp...

Therapeutics of Acetanilid: External Acetanilid has been used in form of a dusting powder for soft and hard venereal ulcerations, in place of iodoform, or as an ointment (1 to 24) for chronic ulcers and eczema. It has also been...

II. Antipyrinum. Antipyrin: (Not official.) - Phenazonum, B. P. - C6H5(Ch3)2C3 Hn2o=l87.65. Synonym. - Phenyldimethylpyrazolone. Source Aceto-acetic Ether is acted upon by Phenyl-hydrazine, when Phenylmonomethylpyrazolone, Et...

III. Phenacetinum. Phenacetin: (Not official.) - C10H13No2=178.63. Synonym. - Para-acetphenetidin. C6H4Oc2h5nhc2h3o=178.63. Source Glacial Acetic Acid is made to act upon paraphenetidin, a product of Paranitrophenol. C6H5Oc2h5nh2...

IV. Exalginum. Exalgin: (Not official.) - C6H5N(Ch3)Ch3co=148.70. Synonym. - Methyl Acetanilid. Source By warming together Monomethylaniline and Acetyl Chloride. Characters Colorless acicular needles, with a slightly sal...

V. Lactopheninum. Lactophenin: (Not official.) - C11H15No3=208.56. Synonym. - Lactylparaphenetidine. C6H4Oc2h5nhcoch(OH)Ch3=208.56. Source Lactophenin differs from Phenacetin only by the substitution of Lactic for Acetic Acid. C...

VI. Phenocolli Hydrochloridum. Phenocoll Hydrochloride: (Not official.) - C10H14N2O2 HCl=230.01. Source By the intermixture of Phenetidine with Glycocoll or Amido-acetic Acid. Characters It is a white micro-crystalline powder. Solubility. - In 20 parts...

VII. Thallinae Sulphas. Thalline Sulphate: (Not official.) - 2C9H10N(Och3)H2So4 +2H2O=459.06. Source By heating together Paramidoanisol, Paranitranisol, Glycerin and Sulphuric Acid. Characters A white or whitish granular crystalline powder...

VIII. Alpha-Eucainae Hydrochloras. Alpha-Eucaine Hydrochlorate: (Not official.)- C19H27N04HCl+H2O=386.6l. The hydrochlorate of a synthetic alkaloid having a close chemical relationship to cocaine. Source By the action of one molecule of ammonia upon three molecu...

Class VI. The Antiseptics. Carbolic Acid, Sodium Sulphocarbolate, Creosote, Iodoform, Naphtalin, Naphtol and Resorcin: Carbolic Acid, Sodium Sulphocarbolate, Creosote, Iodoform, Naphtalin, Naphtol and Resorcin. Besides these the following drugs which are not official are included in this class: Zinc Sulphocarbolate (...

I. Acidum Carbolicum Crudum. Crude Carbolic Acid: Crude Carbolic Acid Source A liquid consisting of various constituents of coal-tar, chiefly cresol and phenol, obtained by fractional distillation between the temperatures of 3020 and 392 F.; 1...

II. Acidum Carbolicum. Carbolic Acid. Phenic Acid. Phenol. Phenyl Alcohol: C6H5OH=93.78. Synonyms. - Phenic Acid. Phenol. Phenyl Alcohol. Source From Crude Carbolic Acid by agitation with warm concentrated solution of Soda, heating to 3380 F.; 170 C., solution and tre...

Action of Carbolic Acid: External Carbolic acid is a powerful antizymotic, rapidly destroying organized ferments, both animal and vegetable. Consequently it destroys those of septic diseases, hence it is antiseptic. It thus ...

Therapeutics of Carbolic Acid: External Carbolic acid is largely used as a deodorant and disinfectant for drains, bed-pans, for which the cheaper crude acid may be employed, soiled linen, surgical instruments, the surgeon's hands,...

III. Sodii Sulphocarbolas. Sodium Sulphocarbolate: NaS03C6H4(OH)+2H2O= 231.56. Synonym. - Sodium Paraphenolsulphonate. Source Phenolsulphuric Acid is formed by adding Sulphuric Acid to crystallized Carbolic Acid; on heating this mixture it becomes P...

IV. Zinci Sulphocarbolas. Zinc Sulphocarbolate: B. P., not official. Zn (C6H5So4)2+H2O=448.62. Synonym. - Zinc Paraphenol Sulphonate. Source Sulphocarbolic Acid is formed by adding Sulphuric Acid to Carbolic Acid. This is treated with Zinc Oxide;...

V. Creosotum. Creosote: Creosote Source A mixture of Phenols, chiefly Guaiacol (C7H8O2) and Creosol (C8H10O2) obtained during the distillation of wood tar, preferably of that derived from the beech Fagus Sylvatica Linne (n...

VI. Guaiacolum. Guaiacol: (Not official. )-C6H4Ohoch3=123.71. Synonym.- Methyl Pyrocatechin. A liquid constituting from 60 to 90 percent. of Creosote, which is mainly composed of this and Creosol. Source By fractional distil...

VII. Guaiacoli Benzoas. Guaiacol Benzoate: (Not official.) - C6H4Ohc6hc502= 203.49. Synonyms. - Benzosol. Benzoyl Guaiacol. Source This is prepared by adding to an alcoholic solution of Guaiacol, Potassium Hydroxide, forming Potassium Guaiac...

VIII. Guaiacoli Carbonas. Guaiacol Carbonate: (Not official.) - (C6H4Och3)2Co2= 257.39. Source By passing Phosgene gas (Cocl2) into Guaiacol, previously dissolved in a Soda solution. The Carbonate is obtained by crystallization. Characters A ...

IX. Guaiacoli Salicylas. Guaiacol Salicylate: (Not official.) - C6H4Ohco2h4-Och3=243.42. Source By the action of Phosphorus Oxychloride on a mixture of Sodium Guaiacol and Salicylate. Characters A white crystalline, odorless and tasteless pow...

X. Creolinum. Creolin: (Not official.) - A solution of the higher homologues of Phenol. Source Creolin is derived from coal by dry distillation, and consists of a mixture of the sodium salts of some resinous acids with Cr...

XI. Lysolum. Lysol: (Not official.) - A substance containing about 50 per cent. of Cresol. Source From tar oil by dissolving in fat and saponifying with Alcohol. Characters. - A brown, oily-looking clear liquid, with a...

XII. Iodoformum. Iodoform: Chi3=392.56. Synonym. - Tri-iodomethane. Source Heat together Alcohol, Iodine, Potassium Bicarbonate, and water. C2H6O+4I+2Khco3=2Chi3+2KI+3H2O+2Co2. Characters Small lemon-yellow, lustrous crysta...

XIII. Aristolum. Aristol: (Not Official) C20H24O2I2=548.38. Synonyms. - Di-thymoldiiodide. Annidalin. Source It is prepared by the decomposition of a solution of Iodine in Potassium Iodide, by Thymol dissolved in a solution...

XIV. Iodolum. Iodol: (Not Official) C4I4NH=569.01. Synonym. - Tetraiodopyrrol. Source From the interaction of Iodine and Pyrrol in Alcoholic solution. It contains 90 per cent. of Iodine. Characters A pale-yellow, bul...

XV. Europhen. Europhen: (Not official.) - Synonym. - Diisobutylorthocresol iodide. - C22H29O2I=450.79. This should be distinguished from Europhin. Source It is prepared in the same way as is Aristol except that Isobutyl-or...

XVI. Naphtalinum. Naphtalin: C10H8=127.7. Synonym. - Naphtalene. Source A Hydrocarbon obtained from Coal Tar by distillation between 356o and 482o F.; 180o and 250 C. The impure Naphtalin is treated successively with Sodiu...

XVII. Naphtol. Naphtol: C10H7OH=143.66. Synonym. - Beta-Naphtol. A phenol occurring in Coal Tar, but usually prepared artificially from Naphtalin. Source Concentrated Sulphuric Acid is allowed to act on Naphtalin, whereby ...

XVIII. Asaprolum. Asaprol: (Not Official) (C10H6Ohso3)2Ca+3H2O=538.83. Synonym. - Calcium Beta-naphtol alpha-monosulphonate. Source By action of free Sulphuric Acid on Beta-Naphtol, neutralizing this product with Calcium Car...

XIX. Resorcinum. Resorcin: C6H4(OH)2=109.74. Synonyms. - Resorcinol. Meta-dioxy benzol. Source This is a diatomic phenol obtained by heating Benzene with fuming Sulphuric Acid, whereby Benzene Metadisulphonic Acid is formed (...

XX. Formaldehydum. Formaldehyde: (Not official.) - Ch2o=29.93. Synonyms. - Formal. Formic Aldehyde. A gas soluble in water. The solution known as Formalin contains about 40 per cent. of the gas. Source It is obtained by the oxidati...

XXI. Urotropinum. Urotropin: (Not official.) - C6H12N4=139.86. Synonym. - Hexa-methylentetramin. Source It is obtained by the action of 4 molecules of Ammonia on 6 molecules of Formaldehyde: 4H3N+6Ch2o=C6H12N4+6H2O. Characters...

XXII. Saccharinum. Saccharin: (B. P., not official). - C6H4Coso2nh=168.65. Synonyms. - Glusidum, B. P. Benzoyl-sulphonic-imide. Glucusimide. Gluside. Source It is derived from Toluene, C6H6Ch3, a derivative of coal tar, by a com...

XXIII. Methylene Blue. Methylene Blue: (Not official.) - Synonym. - Tetramethyl-thionin chloride. C16N18N3SCl=318.90. Source By treating dimethylparaphenylenediamine (Nh2c6h4n(Ch3)2) in an acid solution with Hydrogen Sulphide and Ferric ...

XXIV. Piperazinum. Piperazine: (Not Official) C4H10N2=85.9. Synonyms. - Piperazi-dine. Diethylenediamine. Dispermine. (This drug is antiseptic only so far as its clearing the urine of pathological products prevents decomposition....

Part II. Organic Materia Medica. Section I Pharmacopceial Substances Derived From The Vegetable Kingdom: The drags comprehended in this section may be arranged in many ways; but there are objections to each. Inasmuch as the medical student should be well acquainted with the actions of these drugs in heal...

Group I. Vegetable Drugs Acting Chiefly On The Nervous System: These may be classified as follows: Class I. - Acting on the cerebrum. A. Cerebral depressants or soporifics: Opium, Hops, Lactucarium, Pellotine. B. Cerebral excitants: Deliriants Belladonna. S...

Opium. Poppy: Opium. - The concrete, milky exudation obtained by incising the unripe capsules of Papaver somniferum Linne (nat. ord. Papaveraceae), and yielding, in its normal, moist condition, not less than 9 per ...

Opii Pulvis. Powdered Opium: Opium dried at a temperature not exceeding 185o F.; 85 C., and reduced to a very fine powder. Powdered Opium, for pharmaceutical or medicinal purposes, when assayed, should yield not less than 1...

Opii Pulvis. Powdered Opium. Continued: Liquor Morphinae Bimeconatis. Solution Of Morphine Bimeconate Morphine is precipitated by Ammonia from a solution of the hydrochlorate. It is dissolved in water, Alcohol and Meconic Acid. Strength, 1...

Morphina. Morphine: C17H19No3+H2O=302.34. Source An Alkaloid obtained from Opium. Opium is macerated with distilled water, and strained, the infusion is evaporated and filtered. To the filtrate Alcohol and Water of Amm...

Action Of Opium: The action and uses of opium are due almost entirely to its morphine, and therefore they may be studied together. Codeine and other alkaloids will be considered on p. 366. Meconic acid appears to be n...

Therapeutics Of Opium: External Hot fomentations or poultices sprinkled with laudanum are often applied to painful parts; but probably it is the heat and not the opium which relieves the pain. Linimentum Opii B. P., tinctu...

Codeina. Codeine. Methyl Morphine: An alkaloid obtained from Opium. C18H21 No3+H2O=316.31. Synonym. - Methyl Morphine. Source Obtained by evaporating the ammoniacal liquids, remaining . after the precipitation of Morphine by Ammonia ...

Apomorphinae Hydrochloras. Apomorphine Hydrochlorate: C17H17No2hc1=302.79. Source It is the hydrochlorate of an artificial Alkaloid obtained by heating Morphine sealed tubes with an excess of Hydrochloric Acid. The Morphine loses one molecule of water ...

Humulus. Hops: Hops. - The strobiles of Ilumulus Lupulus Linne (nat. ord. Urticaceae). Habitat Northern temperate zone; cultivated. Characters Ovate, about 3 cm. long, consisting of a thin, hairy, undulated axis...

Lactucarium. Lettuce: Lactucarium. - The concrete milk-juice of Lactuca virosa Linne (nat. ord. Composite). Synonym. - Lettuce. Habitat Southern and Central Europe. Characters In sections of plano-convex, circular cake...

Pellotinum. Pellotine: C13H21No3=238.50. An alkaloid obtained from the Anhalonium Williamsii (nat. ord. Cactacece). Habitat Mexico. Characters The hydrochloride, which is to be found in the shops, occurs as a colorless,...

Belladonnae Folia. Belladonna Leaves. Deadly Nightshade: The leaves of Atropa Belladonna Linne (nat. ord. Solanaceae). Synonym. - Deadly Nightshade. Habitat Europe and Asia Minor. Characters Leaves from 10 to 15 cm. long, from 5 to 10 cm. broad, broadly...

Belladonnae Radix. Belladonna Root: The root of Atropa Belladonna Linne (nat. ord. Solanacece). Habitat Central and Southern Europe, in woods. Characters In cylindrical, somewhat tapering, longitudinally wrinkled pieces, 10 to 25 mm...

Atropina. Atropine: C17H23No3=288.38. An Alkaloid obtained from Belladonna, which it contains in .06 to .3 per cent. As it occurs in commerce, it is always accompanied by a small proportion of hyoscyamine extracted along...

Action Of Belladonna: The action of belladonna and atropine is the same. External Atropine placed by itself upon the unbroken skin cannot be absorbed, but rubbed in with substances which are absorbed, such as alcohol, gl...

Therapeutics Of Belladonna: Externally. - Belladonna is used externally to relieve all sorts of pain, - for example, that of neuralgia, pleurodynia, and chronic osteo-arthritis. Chloroformum Belladonnae (Brit. Pharm. Conf.), - t...

Homatropinae Hydrobromas. Homatropine Hydrobromate: B. P., not official. C16H21No3hbr=355.l7. The hydrobro-mate of an alkaloid prepared from Tropine. Homatropine is really Oxytoluyl-tropine. Source 1) Tropine, C8H15NO, a derivative of Atropine, is he...

Stramonium. Stramonii Semen. Stramonium Seed. Thorn Apple: The seed of Datura Stramonium Linne (nat. ord. Solanaceae). Synonyms. - Thorn apple. Stink-weed. Jamestown Weed. Habitat Asia; naturalized in most countries. Characters About 4 mm. long, reniform,...

Hyoscyamus. Hyoscyamus. Henbane: The leaves and flowering tops of Hyoscyamus Niger Linne (nat. ord. Solanaceae) collected from plants of the second year's growth. Habitat Europe and Asia; naturalized in some parts of North America....

Hyoscyamus. Hyoscyamus. Henbane. Continued: Hyoscyamine Hydrobromas. Hyoscyamine Hydrobro mate. C17H23No3hbr=369.14. The hydrobromate of an alkaloid obtained from Hyoscyamus. Characters A yellowish-white, amorphous, resin-like mass, or prism...

Duboisinae Sulphas. Duboisine Sulphate: (Not official.) The Sulphate of the alkaloid Duboisine obtained from the leaves of Duboisia myoporoides, nat. ord. Solanaceae. Duboisine is probably identical with Hyoscyamine (see p. 384). Action ...

Cannabis Indica. Indian Cannabis. Indian Hemp: The flowering tops of the female plant of Cannabis sativa Linne (nat. ord. Urticaceae), grown in the East Indies. Habitat Asia; collected in India. Characters Branching, compressed, brittle, about...

Caffeina. Caffeine. Theine. Guaranine: C8H10N4O2+H2O=211.68. Synonyms. - Theine. Guaranine. A feebly basic, proximate principle, obtained from the dried leaves of Thea sinensis Linne (nat. ord. Ternstroemiaceae), or from the dried seed of ...

Action Of Caffeine: External None. Internal Alimentary canal. - Excessive tea-drinking may cause indigestion, but this is probably induced by the tannic acid in the tea, and not by the caffeine. The teeth of tea taste...

Guarana. Guarana. Brazilian Cocoa: Synonym. - Brazilian Cocoa. A dried paste chiefly consisting of the crushed or pounded seeds of Paullinia Cupana, Kunth (Paullinia sorbilis, Martius; nat. ord., Sapindaceae.) Habitat Northern and We...

Theobrominae Sodiosalicylas. Diuretin: Theobromine Sodio-Salicylate. (Not official).- C7H7NaN4O2+NaC7H6O3=361.42. Synonym. - Diuretin. Source By the interaction of Sodium Theobromine and Sodium Salicylate. It contains 49.7 per cent. of T...

Class II. Drugs Acting Chiefly On The Spinal Cord: A. The following excite the cells of the anterior cornua. ...

Nux Vomica. Nux Vomica. Poison Nut. Dog Button. Quaker Button: Synonyms. - Poison Nut. Dog Button. Quaker Button. The seed of Strychnos Nux-vomica Linne (nat. ord. Loganiaceae). Habitat India and East Indian Islands. Characters About 25 mm. in diameter, orbic...

Strychnina. Strychnine: C21H22N2O2=333.31. An alkaloid obtained from Nux Vomica, and also obtainable from other plants of the natural order Loganiaceae, especially from the Strychnos Ignalia. Source 1) Comminute the Nux Vo...

Action Of Nux Vomica: External Strychnine is a very powerful antiseptic. Brucine is a local anaesthetic. Internal Gastro-intestinal tract. - Being intensely bitter, nux vomica is a good stomachic, increasing the vascula...

Therapeutics Of Nux Vomica: External Strychnine is so posionous that its use as an antiseptic would not be safe. Internal Gastro-intestinal tract. - Tincture of nux vomica is very largely given with excellent results as a bit...

Physostigma. Calabar Bean. Ordeal Bean: Physostigma. - Synonyms. - Calabar bean. Ordeal bean. The seed of Physostigma venenosutn Balfour (nat. ord. Leguminosae). Habitat Tropical Western Africa, near the mouth of the Niger and old Calabar...

Action Of Calabar Bean: External None. Internal Mouth. - After physostigmine is absorbed it increases the salivary secretion; and this has been shown to be due to stimulation of the terminations of the secretory nerves in...

Therapeutics Of Calabar Bean: Involuntary muscles. - Because of its stimulating power on unstriped muscle Calabar bean has been recommended for chronic constipation, atony of the bladder, and chronic bronchitis with deficient powe...

Muscarina. Muscarine: (Not official). - C6H15No3=136.74. An alkaloid obtained from Amanita Muscaria, Fly Fungus. Habitat Russia and Northern Europe. Characters A liquid of the consistence of syrup, without odor or tast...

Gelsemium. Gelsemium. Yellow Jasmine: The rhizome and roots of Gehemium sempervirens (Linne) Persoon (nat. ord. Loganiaceae). Habitat Southern United States. Characters Cylindrical, long, or cut in sections, motly from 5 to 15 mm. and...

Class III. Drugs Acting Chiefly On The Nerves: A. The following depress the motor nerves. ...

Conium. Conium. Spotted Hemlock: Synonym. - Spotted Hemlock. The full grown fruit of Conium Maculatum, Linne (nat. ord. Umbelliferae), gathered while yet green. Habitat Europe and Asia; naturalized in North America. Characters Ab...

Conium. Conium. Spotted Hemlock. Continued: Therapeutics Of Conium External Conium has been applied to painful ulcers and sores, but it is, for the reasons already given, doubtful whether it produces any good effect. It has also been employed...

Tabacum. Tobacco: The commercial dried leaves of Nicotiana Tabacum (nat. ord. Solanaceae). Habitat Tropical America; cultivated. Characters Up to 50 cm. long, oval or ovate-lanceolate, acute, entire, brown, friable...

Curara. Wourara. Ourari. Urari. Wourali: Curare. (Not official.) - Synonyms. - Wourara. Ourari. Urari. Wourali. The South American arrow poison, prepared from species of Strych-nos and other plants. Characters A blackish-brown, dry extract...

Coca. Erythroxylon. Cuca: Coca. - Synonyms. - Erythroxylon. Cuca. The leaves of Erythroxy-lon Coca, Lamarck (nat. ord. Lineal). Habitat Peru and Bolivia; cultivated. Characters Varying between ovate, lanceolate, and obovat...

Coca. Erythroxylon. Cuca. Continued: Therapeutics Of Coca External A 5 to 10 percent. solution of the hydrochlorate may be injected subcutaneously as a local anaesthetic when any small operation has to be performed. In the infiltration...

Ouabainum. Ouabain: (Not official.) - C30H46O12=569.62. A glucoside isolated from the root of a tree, said to be the Acocanthera Ouabaio (nat. ord. Apoey-naceie.) This glucoside is also obtained from the seeds of Stropha...

Pilocarpus. Pilocarpus. Jaborandi: The leaflets of Pilocarpus Selloanus Engler (Rio Janeiro Jaborandi), and of Pilocarpus Jaborandi Holmes (Pernambuco Jaborandi), (nat. ord. Putaceae). Habitat Brazil, near Pernambuco. Characters A...

Action Of Pilocarpus: External None Internal Gastro intestinal tract. - Pilocarpine is very quickly absorbed, and soon produces a great increase in the amount of salivary secretion. The mouth seems warm, and there may b...

Group II. Vegetable Drugs Whose Main Action Is On The Heart: Class I. - The Digitalis group, decreasing the frequency and increasing the force of the beat of the heart: Digitalis, Strophanthus. Convallaria, Squill, Scoparius, Erythrophloeum, and Adonidin. Cla...

Digitalis. Foxglove: Digitalis. - Synonym. - Foxglove. The leaves of Digitalis Purpurea Linne (nat. ord. Scrophularineae), collected from plants of the second year's growth. Habitat Europe, in sandy soil and the edges o...

Action Of Digitalis: External The leaves are slightly irritating, but it is doubtful whether any of their constituents can be absorbed by the skin. Internal Gastro-intestinal tract. - Digitalis is a mild gastro-intesti...

Therapeutics Of Digitalis: External Digitalis is sometimes used externally in the form of a poultice made from the leaves, and placed over the loins in case of renal congestion. Internal It is one of the most valuable drugs ...

Strophanthus: Strophanthus. - The seed of Strophanthus hispidus De Can-dolle (nat. ord. Apocynaceae), deprived of its long awn. Habitat Tropical Africa. Characters About 15 mm. long and 4 or 5 mm. broad, oblong...

Convallaria. Lily Of The Valley: Convallaria. - The rhizome and roots of Convallaria majalis I.inne (nat. ord. Liliaceae). Synonym. - Lily of the Valley. Habitat United States, in the Allegheny Mountains; Europe and Northern Asia. ...

Scilla. Squillae. Sea Onion: The bulb of Urginea maritima (Linne) Baker (nat. ord. Liliaceae), deprived of its dry, membranaceous outer scales, and cut into thin slices, the central portions being rejected. Habitat Basin of the...

Scoparius. Broom: Scoparius. - Synonym. - Broom. The tops of Cytisus Scoparius (Linne) Link (nat. ord. Leguminosae). Habitat Western Asia, Southern and Western Europe; naturalized in some localities in the United Sta...

Erythrophloeum. Sassy Bark. Mancona Bark. Ordeal Bark. Casca Bark: (Not official). - Synonyms. - Mancona Bark. Ordeal Bark. Casca Bark. The bark of Erythrophlceum guineense (nat. ord. Leguminosae). Habitat Africa. Characters In flat or curved pieces of irregular...

Adonidinum. Adonidin. False Hellebore: (Not official). - glucoside obtained from Adonis Ver-nalis (nat. ord. Ranunculaceae). Synonym. - False Hellebore. Habitat Northern Europe and Asia. Characters This glucoside occurs as a somewhat h...

Aconitum. Aconite. Monkshood. Wolfsbane: Synonyms. - Monkshood. Wolfsbane. The tuber of Aconitum Napellus Linne (nat. ord. Ranunculacecae). Habitat Mountainous districts of Europe, Asia, and Northwestern North America. Characters From 10...

Action Of Aconite: The action of aconite, which has lately been studied by Cash and Dunstan, is due chiefly to the aconitine in it, and therefore they may be considered together. External Applied to the skin, to a muc...

Therapeutics Of Aconite: External As aconite produces local anaesthesia, it is applied externally and often with great benefit in cases of neuralgia, especially facial neuralgia. Frequently it fails, and we cannot tell befor...

Amyl Colloid. Anodyne Colloid: Amyl Colloid. (Not official.) - Synonym. - Anodyne Colloid. The composition of this is Amyl Hydride, 480; Aconitine, 1; Veratrine,6; Collodion to 960. It is a fluid preparation. Action And Therapeu...

Veratrum Viride. American Hellebore. Green Hellebore: Veratrum Viride. - Synonyms. - American Hellebore. Green Hellebore. The rhizome and roots of Veratrum viride Solander (nat. ord. Liliaceae). Habitat North America, in rich woods. Characters Rhizom...

Veratrina. Veratrine: A mixture of alkaloids obtained from the seed of Asagrcea officinalis (Schlechtendal et Chamisso, Lindley (nat. ord. Liliaceae). Habitat Mexico to Venezuela. Source 1) The seed is exhausted with A...

Cactus. Cereus Grandiflorus. Nightblooming Cereus: Synonym. - Night-blooming Cereus. The stems of Cactus Grandiflorus Linne (nat. ord. Cactaceae). Habitat Tropical America; cultivated. Characters Its branches, or stems, are scandent, diffuse, radi...

Group III. Vegetable Drugs Employed For Their Action On The Respiratory Organs And Not Falling Among Volatile Oils: (See Group VI.) Senega, Sanguinaria, Pulsatilla, Ipecacuanha, Allium, Lobelia, Asclepias, Castanea, Inula, Aspidosperma, Eridictyon, Cocillaha, and Prunus Virginiana. Senega, Ipecacuanha and Lob...

Senega. Senega Snakeroot: Senega. - The root of Polygala Senega Linne (nat. ord. Polygaleae). Synonym. - Senega Snakeroot. Habitat United States, westward to Minnesota. Characters About 10 cm. long, with a heavy knotty cro...

Sanguinaria. Bloodroot: Sanguinaria. - Synonym. - Bloodroot. The rhizome of Sangui-naria canadensis Linne (nat. ord. Papaveraceae), collected in autumn. Habitat North America, in rich woods. Characters Of horizontal grow...

Pulsatilla: Pulsatilla. - The herb of Anemone Pulsatilla and of Anemone pratensis Linne (nat. ord. Ranunculacea), collected soon after flowering. Habitat Europe. Characters Leaves radical, petiolate, silky-vi...

Ipecacuanha. Ipecacuanha. Ipecac: The root of Cephaelis Ipecacuanha (Brotero) A. Richard (nat. ord. Rubiaceae). Habitat Brazil to Bolivia and New Granada, in damp forests; cultivated in India. Characters About 10 cm. long, and 4 o...

Ipecacuanha. Ipecacuanha. Ipecac. Continued: Action Of Ipecacuanha External Ipecacuanha powder is a powerful irritant to the skin, producing redness, vesication, and pustulation. It has some antiseptic powers, for it can destroy anthrax bacil...

Allium. Garlic: The bulb of Allium sativum Linne (nat. ord. Liliacecae). Habitat Asia and Southern Europe, cultivated. Characters Bulb subglobular, compound, consisting of about eight compressed, wedge-shaped bul...

Lobelia. Indian Tobacco: Lobelia. - The leaves and tops of Lobelia inflata Linne (nat. ord. Lobeliaceae), collected after a portion of the capsules have become inflated. Synonym. - Indian Tobacco. Habitat North America, in ...

Asclepias. Pleurisy Root: Asclepias. - Synonym. - Pleurisy root. The root of Asclepias tube-rosa Linne (nat. ord. Asclepiadeae). Habitat United States, near the Atlantic Coast. Characters Root large and fusiform, dried in ...

Castanea. Chestnut: Castanea. - Synonym. - Chestnut. The leaves of Castanea dentata (Marshall) Sudworth (nat. ord. Cupuliferae), collected in September or October, while still green. Habitat North America, from Ontario...

Inula. Elecampane: Inula. - Synonym. - Elecampane. The root of Inula Helenium Linne (nat. ord. Compositae). Habitat Central and Southern Europe, and eastward to central Asia; spontaneously in the United States; cultiv...

Aspidosperma. Quebracho. Iron Wood: Aspidosperma. - Synonyms. - Quebracho. Iron Wood. The bark of Aspidosperma Quebracho-bianco Schlechtendal (nat. ord. Apocynaceae). Habitat Argentine Republic. Characters In nearly flat pieces, abo...

Eriodictyon. Yerba Santa. Mountain Balm. Consumptive's Weed: Eriodictyon. - Synonyms. - Yerba Santa. Mountain Balm. Consumptive's Weed. The leaves of Eriodictyon glutinosum, Bentham (nat. ord. Hydrophyllaceae). Habitat, - California. Characters Oblong lanceo...

Cocillana: Cocillana. (Not official). - The bark of Sycocarpus Rusbyi (nat. ord. Mcliaceae). Habitat Bolivia. Characters The bark is thick, and ash-colored, becoming rough only with considerable age; inner s...

Prunus Virginiana. Wild Cherry: The bark of Prunus serotina Ehrhart (nat ord. Rosacea), collected in autumn. Habitat North America, westward to Minnesota and Louisiana; in woods. Characters In curved pieces or irregular fragment...

Group IV. Vegetable Drugs Having Antiperiodic, Antipyretic, And Antiseptic Properties: Cinchona, Quinine, Salicin, Salicylic Acid, Gaultheria, Salol, Salophen. ...

Cinchona: Cinchona. - The bark of Cinchona Calisaya Weddell, Cinchona officinalis Linne and of hybrids of these and of other species of Cinchona (nat. ord. Rubiaceae), yielding, when assayed, not less than 5 pe...

Cinchona Rubra. Red Cinchona: The bark of Cinchona succirubra Pavon (nat. ord. Hubiaceae), containing not less than 5 per cent. of its peculiar alkaloids. Habitat Ecuador, west of Chimborazo. Characters In quills or incurved p...

Quinina: 1. Quinine. - C20H24N2O2+3H.2O=377.22. An Alkaloid obtained from the bark of various species of Cinchona (nat. ord. Rubiaceae). Source By adding to a solution of the Sulphate a sufficient quantity o...

Action Of Cinchona And Its Alkaloids: The action of cinchona bark is due almost entirely to the quinine in it; the other alkaloids act in much the same way as this alkaloid, the sulphate, bisulphate, hydrobromate and hydro-chlorate of whi...

Therapeutics Of Cinchona And Its Alkaloids: External Quinine is too expensive for use as an antiseptic. Internal Gastro-intestinal tract. - It is very largely used on account of its stomachic properties, chiefly for that variety of indigesti...

Salicinum. Salicin. Willow: C13H18O7=285.33. A neutral principle (glucoside) obtained from several species of Salix and Populus (nat. ord. Salicaceae). Synonym. - Willow. Habitat Europe, naturalized in North America; cultivate...

Action Of Salicin, Salicylic Acid And Of Sodium And Lithium Salicylates: External Salicin and salicylic acid are antiseptics rather more powerful than carbolic acid. They are stimulant and mildly irritant to the skin. Locally applied, they check sweating. The salts of sal...

Therapeutics Of Salicin, Salicylic Acid And Of Sodium And Lithium Salicylates: External The ointment official in B. P., 1 part of the acid to 9 of hard, and 18 of soft paraffin may be used when an antiseptic stimulating ointment is required. A collodion composed of salicylic ac...

Oleum Betulae Volatile. Volatile Oil Of Betula. Oil Of Sweet Birch: Synonym. - Oil of Sweet Birch. A volatile oil obtained by distillation from the bark of Betula lenta Linne (Sweet Birch); (nat. ord. Betulaceae). Habitat Northern United States. It is identical with...

Oleum Gaultheriae. Oil Of Gaultheria. Oil Of Wintergreen: A volatile oil distilled from the leaves of Gaultheria procumbens Linne (Winter-green); (nat. ord. Ericaceae), consisting almost entirely of Methyl Salicylate (Ch8c7h5o3=151.64) and nearly identical w...

Methyl Salicylas. Methyl Salicylate. Artificial Oil Of Wintergreen: Methyl Salicylas. Methyl Salicylate. - Ch3c7h5o3=151.64. Synonym. - Artificial (or Synthetic) Oil of Wintergreen. Methyl Salicylate, produced synthetically by distilling Salicylic Acid, or a Salicylat...

Salol. Phenyl Salicylate: Salol. - C6H5C7H5O3=213.49. Synonym. - Phenyl Salicylate. The Salicylic Ether of Phenol. Source By heating Salicylic Acid with Phenol in the presence of Phosphorous Pentachloride; this action dehydr...

Salophen. Acetylparamidophenol Salicylate: Salophen. (Not official. ) - C6H4(OH)Co2c6h4nhcoch3=270.40. Synonym. - Acetylparamidophenol Salicylate. Source From Paranitrophenol Salicylate by a complicated process, and purifying by crystallizat...

Group V. Vegetable Purgatives: Class I. - Laxatives. Prune, Fig, Tamarind, Cassia Fistula, Manna, Phytolacca, Eupatorium, Castor Oil (small doses). Class II. - Simple purgatives Castor Oil, Rhubarb, Juglans, Senna, Frangula, Rha...

Prunum. Prune: (The fruit of Prunus Domestica Linne (nat. ord. Rosaceae). Habitat Western Asia; cultivated in many varieties. Characters Oblong or subglobular, about 3 cm. long, shrivelled blackish-blue, glaucou...

Ficus. Fig: Fig. - The fleshy receptacle of Ficus Carica Linne (nat. ord. Urticaceae), bearing fruit upon its inner surface. Habitat Western Asia; cultivated in subtropical countries. Characters Compressed, o...

Tamarindus. Tamarind: The preserved pulp of the fruit of Tamarindus indica Linne (nat. ord. Leguminosae). Habitat India and tropical Africa; naturalized in the West Indies. Characters A reddish-brown, sweet, subacid, p...

Cassia Fistula. Purging Cassia: Cassia Fistula. - Synonym. - Purging Cassia. The fruit of Cassia Fistula Linne (nat. ord. Leguminosae). Habitat East India; naturalized in tropical Africa and America. Characters Cylindrical, 40 t...

Manna: Manna. - The concrete, saccharine exudation of Fraxinus Ornus Linne (nat. ord. Oleacea). Habitat Basin of the Mediterranean. Characters In flattish, somewhat three-edged pieces, occasionally 20 cm...

Phytolacca. Phytolaccae Fructus. Poke Berry: Phytolacca Fruit. Synonym. - Poke Berry. The fruit of Phytolacca decandra Linne (nat. ord. Phytolaccaceae.) Habitat North America; naturalized in Europe. Characters A depressed globular, dark purp...

Eupatorium. Thoroughwort. Boneset: Eupatorium. - Synonyms. - Thoroughwort. Boneset. The leaves and flowering tops of Eupatorium perfoliatum Linne (nat. ord. Compositae). Habitat North America, west to Dakota; in low grounds. Charact...

Oleum Ricini. Castor Oil: A fixed oil expressed from the seed of Ricinus communis Linne (nat. ord. Euphorbiaceae). Habitat India; cultivated. Characters A pale yellowish or almost colorless, transparent, viscid liquid, hav...

Rheum. Rhubarb. Rhein: The root of Rheum officinale Baillon (nat. ord. Poly-gonaceae). Habitat Western and Central China. Characters In cylindrical, conical or flattish segments, deprived of the dark brown, corky layer,...

Rheum. Rhubarb. Rhein. Continued: Action Of Rhubarb External Probably rhubarb would have, to a mild degree, the same action as chrysarobin, but it is never applied externally. Internal Alimentary canal. - In the mouth, rhubarb inc...

Juglans. Butternut: Juglans. - Synonym. - Butternut. The bark of the root of Juglans cinerea Linne (nat. ord. Juglandaceae), collected in autumn. Habitat North America. Characters In flat or curved pieces, about 5 mm...

Senna. India Senna. Tinnivelly Senna: Senna. - The leaflets of Cassia acutifolia Delile (Alexandria Senna), and of Cassia angustifolia Vahn (India Senna); (nat. ord. Leguminosae). Characters Alexandria Senna consists of leaflets about 2...

Frangula. Buckthorn: Frangula. - Synonym. - Buckthorn. The bark of Rhamnus Frangula Linne (nat. ord. Rhamneae), collected at least one year before being used. Habitat Europe and Northern Asia. Characters Quilled, abou...

Rhamnus Purshiana. Sacred Bark. Chittem Bark: Cascara Sagrada. - Synonyms. - Sacred Bark. Chittem Bark. The bark of Rhamnus Purshiana De Candolle (nat. ord. Rhamneae). Habitat Northern Idaho, and westward to the Pacific Coast. Characters In q...

Aloe. Aloe Barbadensis. Curacoa Aloes: Barbadoes Aloes. Synonym. - Curacoa Aloes. The inspissated juice of the leaves of Aloe vera (Linne) Webb (nat. ord. Liliaceae). Habitat Island of Barbadoes. Characters In hard masses, orange-brown...

Aloe. Aloe Barbadensis. Curacoa Aloes. Continued: Aloinum. Aloin A neutral principle obtained from several varieties of Aloes, chiefly Barbadoes Aloes (yielding Barbaloin) and Socotrine Aloes (yielding Soca/oin), - differing more or less in chemical...

Scammonium. Scammony: A resinous exudation from the living root of Convolvulus Scammonia, Linne (nat. ord. Covolvulaceae). Habitat Western Asia. Characters In irregular, angular pieces or circular cakes, greenish-gray ...

Jalapa. Jalap: The tuberous root of Ipomaea Jalapa, Nuttall (nat. ord. Con-volvulacece). Habitat Eastern Mexico. Characters Napiform, pyriform or oblong, varying in size, the large roots incised, more or less wr...

Bryonia. Bryony: Bryonia. - Synonym. - Bryony. The root of Bryonia alba, and of Bryonia dioica Linne (nat. ord. Cucurbitaceae). Habitat Central and Southern Europe. Characters In transverse sections about 5 cm. in...

Oleum Tiglii. Croton Oil: Croton Oil. - A fixed oil expressed from the seed of Croton Tig-Hum Linne (nat. ord. Euphorbiaceae). Habitat India and Philippine Islands; cultivated. Characters A pale yellow or brownish-yellow, ...

Colocynthis. Colocynth. Bitter Apple. Bitter Gourd. Bitter Cucumber: Synonyms. - Bitter Apple. Bitter Gourd. Bitter Cucumber. The fruit of Citrullus Colocynthis, Schrader (nat. ord. Cucurbitaceae), deprived of its rind. Habitat Southern and Western Asia, Northern and...

Elaterinum. Elaterin. Squirting Cucumber: C20H28O5=347.20. A neutral principle obtained from Elaterium, a substance deposited by the juice of the fruit of Ecballium Elaterium (Linne) A. Richard (nat. ord. Cucurbitaceae). Synonym. - Squirting ...

Gambogia. Gamboge: A gum resin obtained from Garcinia Hanburii Hooker filius (nat. ord. Guttiferae). Habitat Anam, Camboja and Siam. Characters In cylindrical pieces, sometimes hollow in the centre, 2 to 5 cm. in di...

Podophyllum. May Apple. Mandrake: Podophyllum. - Synonyms. - May Apple. Mandrake. The rhizome and Roots of Podophyllum peltatum Linne (nat ord. Berberideae). Habitat North America, in rich woods and thickets. Characters Of horizon...

Leptandra. Culver's Root: Leptandra. - Synonym. - Culver's Root. The rhizome and roots of Veronica virginica Linne (nat. ord. Scrophularineae). Habitat United States, south to Georgia, and west to Minnesota, in low grounds. ...

Chelidonium. Celandine: Chelidonium. - Synonym. - Celandine. The entire plant, Chel-idonium majus Linne (nat. ord. Papaveraceae). Habitat Europe; naturalized in North America. Characters Root several-headed, branching, r...

Iris. Blue Flag: Iris. - Synonym. - Blue Flag. The rhizome and roots of Iris versicolor Linne (nat. ord. Irideae). Habitat North America, in swampy localities. Characters Rhizome of horizontal growth, consisting o...

Euonymus. Wahoo. Spindle Tree: Euonymus. - Synonyms. - Wahoo. Spindle Tree. The bark of the root of Euonymus atropurpureus Jacquin (nat. ord. Celastrineae). Habitat United States, southward to Florida, and westward to Wisconsin, ...

Group VI. Volatile Oils: These, when applied externally, stimulate the skin, and thus cause redness, sometimes even vesication, tingling, and subsequent numbness. Taken internally, they stimulate the gastro-inteslinal tract, ...

Terebinthina. Turpentine: A concrete oleoresin obtained from Pinus palusiris Miller, and from other species of Pinus (nat. ord. Coniferae). Habitat United States; in the Atlantic and Gulf States from Virginia to Texas. Char...

Action Of Turpentine: External Oil of turpentine has, to a marked degree, the action of other volatile oils. Thus applied to the skin, especially if rubbed in, it causes the vessels to dilate, there is a sense of warmth, ...

Action Of Turpentine. Continued: Therapeutics Of Turpentine External Oil of turpentine is very largely employed as an irritant or counter-irritant in various forms of chronic inflammation, such as osteo-arthritis, bronchitis, or pl...

Oleum Erigerontis. Oil Of Erigeron. Oil Of Fleabane: Synonym. - Oil of Fleabane. A volatile oil distilled from the fresh, flowering herb of Erigeron canadense Linne (nat. ord. Compositae.) Habitat North America, in fields and waste places; naturalized...

Pix Liquida. Tar: Tar. - An empyreumatic oleoresin obtained by the destructive distillation of the wood of Pinus palustris, Miller, and of other species of Pinus (nat. ord. Coniferae). Habitat United States. Charact...

Oleum Cadinum. Oil Of Cadk. Huile De Cade. Juniper Tar Oil: Synonyms. - Huile de Cade. Juniper Tar Oil. A product of the dry distillation of the wood of Juniperus Oxycedrus Linne (nat. ord. Coniferae). Habitat Mediterranean districts of North Africa, Spain, ...

Pix Burgundica. Burgundy Pitch: The prepared, resinous exudation of Abies excelsa Poiret (nat. ord. Coniferae). Habitat Europe, in the Southern parts, in mountainous districts. Characters Hard, yet gradually taking the form of t...

Resina. Resin. Colophony. Rosin: Synonyms. - Colophony. Rosin. The residue left after distilling off the Volatile Oil from Turpentine. Characters A transparent, amber-colored substance, hard, brittle, pul-verizable; fracture glossy...

Thus Americanum. Frankincense: B. P., not official. - The concrete oleo-resin scraped off the trunks of Pinus taeda, Frankincense Pine, and Pinus australis, the Swamp Pine (nat. ord. Coniferae). Habitat Southern United States. C...

Terebinthina Canadensis. Canada Turpentine. Canada Balsam. Balsam Of Fir: Balsam of Fir. A liquid oleo-resin obtained from Abies balsamea (Linne) Miller (nat. ord. Coniferae). Habitat Canada and Northern United States, west to Minnesota, and south along the mountains to V...

Sinapis. Mustard: 1. Sinapis Alba. - White Mustard. The seed of Brassica alba (Linne) Hooker filius et Thompson (nat ord. Cruciferae). Habitat Asia and Southern Europe; cultivated. Characters About 2 mm. in diamete...

Sinapis. Mustard. Continued: Action Of Mustard External Mustard is a typical powerful local irritant. Thus it first produces dilatation of the vessels, which causes redness of the skin (rubefacient effect) and a sensation of wa...

Oleum Cajuputi. Oil Of Cajuput: A volatile oil distilled from the leaves of Melaleuca Leucadendron Linne (nat. ord. Myrtaceae). Habitat East Indian Islands. Characters A light, thin, bluish-green, or after rectification, colorle...

Eucalyptus: Eucalyptus. - The leaves of Eucalyptus globulus Labillardiere (nat. ord. Myrtaceae), collected from the older parts of the tree. Habitat Australia; cultivated in subtropical countries. Characters ...

Oleum Rosmarini. Oil Of Rosemary: A volatile oil distilled from the leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis Linne (nat. ord. Labiatae). Habitat Basin of the Mediterranean; cultivated. Characters A colorless or pale yellow, limpid liquid,...

Arnica. Arnicae Flores. Leopardsbane: Arnica Flowers. The flower heads of Arnica montana Linne (nat. ord. Compositae). Synonym. - Leopardsbane. Habitat Europe and Northern Asia; in mountainous districts. Characters Heads about 3 cm. b...

Mezereum. Mezereon: Mezereum. - Synonym. - Mezereon. The bark of Daphne Mezereum Linne, and other species of Daphne (nat. ord. Thymelceaceae). Habitat Europe in mountainous regions, eastward to Siberia; spontaneous in ...

Elemi. Manilla Elemi: (not official) - A concrete resinous exudation, probably from Canarium commune (nat. ord. Bursaraceae). Habitat Manilla. Characters A soft unctuous mass, becoming harder and yellowish by age. Str...

Pyrethrum. Pellitory: Pyrethrum. - Synonym. - Pellitory. The root of Anacyclus Py-rethrum (Linne) De Candolle (nat. ord. Compositae). Habitat Highlands of Northern Africa. Characters From 5 to 10 cm. long, and 1 to 2 c...

Caryophyllus. Cloves: The unexpanded flowers of Eugenia aromatica (Linne) O. Kuntze (nat. ord. Myrtaceae). Habitat Molucca Islands; cultivated in tropical countries. Characters About 15 mm. long, dark brown, consisting...

Pimenta. Allspice: Pimenta. - Synonym. - Allspice. The nearly ripe fruit of Pimenta officinalis Lindley (nat. ord. Myrtaceae). Habitat Tropical America; cultivated. Characters About 5 mm. in diameter, nearly globula...

Piper. Pepper. Black Pepper: Synonym. - Black Pepper. The unripe fruit of Piper Nigrum, Linne (nat. ord. Piperaceae). Habitat India; cultivated in the tropics. Characters Globular, about 4 mm. in diameter, reticulately wrinkl...

Myristica. Nutmeg: The seed of Myristica Fragrans Houttuyn (nat. ord. Myrislicacea), deprived of its testa. Habitat Molucca Islands; cultivated in tropical countries. Characters Oval or roundish-ovate, about 25 mm. ...

Macis. Mace: Mace. - The arillode of the seed of Myristica fragrans Houttuyn (nat. ord. Myristicacea). Habitat Molucca Islands; cultivated in the tropical countries. Characters In narrow bands, 25 mm. or more ...

Cinnamomum. Cinnamomum Saigonicum: Saigon Cinnamon. The bark of an undetermined species of Cinnamomum (nat. ord. Laurineae). Habitat China. Characters In quills about 15 cm. long, and 10 to 15 mm. in diameter, the bark 2 or 3 mm. t...

Armoracia. Horseradish: B. P., not official. - The fresh root of the Coch-learia armoracia (nat. ord. Cruciferae). Habitat Cultivated in the United States and Britain. It is most active in the autumn and early spring, befo...

Capsicum. Cayenne Pepper. Guinea Pepper. African Pepper: Capsicum. - Synonyms. - Cayenne Pepper. Guinea Pepper. African Pepper. The fruit of Capsicum fastigiatum Blume (nat. ord. Solanaceae). Habitat Tropical America; cultivated in tropical countries. Ch...

Zingiber. Ginger: The rhizome of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (nat. ord. Sci-laminea). Habitat India; cultivated in the tropics. Characters About 5 to 10 cm. long, 10 to 15 mm. broad, and 4 to 8 mm. thick, flattish, ...

Cardamomum. Cardamom: The fruit of Elettaria repens (Sonnrat) Baillon (nat. ord. Scitamineae). Habitat Malabar; cultivated in India. Characters Ovoid or oblong, from 10 to 15 mm. long, obtusely triangular, rounded at t...

Sumbul. Musk Root: Sumbul. - Synonym. - Musk Root. The root of Ferula Sumbul (Kauffmann) Hooker filius (nat. ord. Umbelliferae). Habitat Central and Northeastern Asia. Characters In transverse segments, varying in d...

Oleum Lavandulae Florum. Oil Of Lavender Flowers: A volatile oil distilled from the fresh flowers of Lavandula officinalis Chaix (nat. ord. Labiatae). Habitat Southern Europe; cultivated. Characters A colorless or yellowish liquid, having the fra...

Oleum Bergamottae. Oil Of Bergamot. Oleum Bergamii: A volatile oil obtained by expression from the rind of the fresh fruit of Citrus Bergamia, Risso et Poiteau (nat. ord. Rutaceae). Habitat Sicily; naturalized in subtropical countries. Characters A...

Mentha Piperita. Peppermint: The leaves and tops of Mentha piperita Smith (nat. ord. Labiata. Habitat Wild in Asia, Europe, and North America; cultivated. Characters Leaves about 5 cm. long, petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, acute...

Mentha Viridis. Spearmint: The leaves and tops of Mentha viridis Linne (nat. ord. Labiatae). Habitat Wild in Europe and North America; cultivated. Characters Leaves about 5 cm. long, subsessile, lance-ovate, acute serrate, ...

Anisum. Anise: The fruit of Pimpinella Anisum Linne (nat. ord. Umbelli-ferce). Habitat Western Asia, Egypt, Southeastern Europe; cultivated. Characters About 4 or 5 mm. long, ovate, compressed at the sides, gray...

Coriandrum. Coriander: The fruit of Coriandrum sativum Linne (nat. ord. Umbelliferae). Habitat Central Asia and Southern Europe; cultivated. Characters Globular; about 4 mm. in diameter; crowned with the calyx-teeth and...

Fceniculum. Fennel: The fruit of Fceniculum capillaceum Gilibert (nat. ord. Umbelliferae). Habitat Levant and Southern Europe; cultivated. Characters Oblong, nearly cylindrical, slightly curved, from 4 to 8 mm. long,...

Carum. Caraway: The fruit of Carum Carvi Linne (nat. ord. Umbelli-fera). Habitat Central and Western Asia; cultivated. Characters Oblong, laterally compressed, about 4 or 5 mm. long, usually separated into the tw...

Anethum: Dill. - B. P., not official. - The dried fruit of Peucedanum grav-eolens (nat. ord. Umbelliferae). Habitat Middle and Southern Europe; cultivated. Characters Broadly oval, 12 mm. long, brown, flat...

Sambucus. Elder: Sambucus. - Synonym. - Elder. The flowers of Sambucus canadensis Linne (nat ord. Caprifoliacea). Habitat North America, west to the Rocky Mountains, in damp places. Characters The flowers, when fr...

Hedeoma. Pennyroyal: Hedeoma. - Synonym. - Pennyroyal. The leaves and tops of He-deoma pulegioides (Linne) Persoon (nat. ord. Labiate). Habitat North America, south to Georgia, and west to Dakota; in sandy fields. Char...

Absinthium. Wormwood: Absinthium. - Synonym. - Wormwood. The leaves and tops of Artemisia Absinthium Linne (nat ord. Composite). Jfabitat. - Northern Asia, Europe and Northern Africa; naturalized in North America; cultivat...

Anthemis. Chamomile: Anthemis. - Synonym. - Chamomile. The flower-heads of Anthe-mis nobilis Linne (nat. ord. Composite), collected from cultivated plants. Habitat Southern and Western Europe; cultivated; naturalized in...

Matricaria. German Chamomile: Matricaria. - Synonym. - German Chamomile. The flower-heads of Matricaria Chamomilla, Linne (nat. ord. Composite). Habitat Europe and Western Asia. Characters About 15 to 20 mm. broad, composed of...

Rosa Gallica. Red Rose: The petals of Rosa gallica Linne (nat. ord. Rosaceae), collected before expanding. Habitat Asia Minor and Southern Europe; cultivated. Characters Usually in small cones, consisting of numerous imb...

Valeriana. Valerian: The rhizome and roots of Valeriana officinalis Linne (nat. ord. Valerianeae). Habitat Europe and Northern Asia; naturalized in England; cultivated. Characters Rhizome from 2 to 4 cm. long, and 1 t...

Valeriana. Valerian. Continued: Quininae Valerianas. Quinine Valerianate C20H24N2O2 C5H10O2+H2O=443.07. Source By decomposing Quinine Sulphate by Ammonia, combining directly with Valerianic Acid, and crystallizing from a cold so...

Cypripedium. Ladies' Slipper: Cypripedium. - Synonym. - Ladies' Slipper. The rhizome and roots of Cypripedium pubescens Swartz, and of Cypripedium parviflorum Salisbury (nat. ord. Orchideae). Habitat North America; in swampy pla...

Asafoetida. Asafetida: A gum-resin obtained from the root of Ferula foetida (Bunge) Regel (nat. ord. Umbelli/erae). Habitat Persia, Turkestan and Afghanistan. Characters In irregular masses composed of whitish tears, wh...

Galbanum: Galbanum. B. P., not official. - A gum-resin obtained from Ferula galbaniflua, Ferula rubricaulis (nat. ord. Umbelliferae), and probably other species. Habitat Persia and the Levant. Characters Te...

Ammoniacum. Ammoniac: A gum-resin obtained from Dorema Ammoniacum Don (nat. ord. Umbelliferiae). Habitat Eastern Persia and Turkestan. Characters In roundish tears, from 2 to 6 mm. or more in diameter; externally pale ...

Myrrha. Myrrh: A gum-resin obtained from Commiphora Myrrha (Nees) Engler (nat. ord. Burseraceae). Habitat Eastern Africa and Southwestern Arabia. Characters In roundish or irregular tears or masses, brownish-yel...

Terebenum. Terebene: C10H16=135.7. A liquid consisting chiefly of Pinene, and containing not more than very small proportions of Terpinene and Dipen-tene. Source From acting upon Oil of Turpentine with Sulphuric Acid, a...

Terpini Hydras. Terpin Hydrate: C10H18(OH)2+H2O=189.58. The Hydrate of the Diatomic Alcohol Terpin. Source Rectified Oil of Turpentine, Alcohol and Nitric Acid are allowed to stand together for three or four days in shallow porcel...

Balsamum Peruvianum. Balsam Of Peru: A balsam obtained from Toluifera Pereirae (Royle) Baillon (nat. ord. Leguminosae). It is obtained from the bark after it has been beaten, scorched and removed. Habitat Central America. Balsam of Per...

Balsamum Tolutanum. Balsam Of Tolu: A balsam obtained from Toluifera Balsa-mum Linne (nat. ord. Leguminosae). Habitat Venezuela and New Granada. Characters A yellowish-brown, semi-fluid or nearly solid mass, becoming more brittle wh...

Styrax. Storax: Storax.-A balsam prepared from the inner bark of Liquidambar orientalis Miller (nat. ord. Hamamelaceae). Habitat Asia Minor. Characters A semi-liquid, gray, sticky, opaque mass, depositing on stan...

Oleum Pini. Oil Of Pine. Pinol. Pumiline: B. P., not official. - The oil is distilled from the fresh leaves of Pinus pumilio (nat. ord. Coni/erae). Synonyms. - Pinol. Pumiline. Habitat Russia. Characters Almost colorless. Odor aromatic. T...

Grindelia: Grindelia. - The leaves and flowering tops of Grindelia robusta Nuttall, and of Grindelia squarrosa Dunal (nat. ord. Compositae). Habitat (1) G. robusta, North America, west of the Rocky Mountains...

Oleum Juniperi. Oil Of Juniper: A volatile oil distilled from the fruit (berry) of Juniperus communis Linne (nat. ord. Coniferae). Habitat North America throughout Canada, the Northern United States, and in the Rocky Mountains sou...

Buchu. Bucco: Buchu. - Synonym. - Bucco. The leaves of Barosma betulina (Thunberg) Battling et Wendland, and Barosma crenulata (Linne) Hooker (nat. ord. Rutaceae). Habitat Southern Africa. Characters About 15 m...

Copaiba. Copaiva. Balsam Of Copaiba: Copaiba. - Synonyms. - Copaiva. Balsam of Copaiba. (This is not a true balsam because it does not contain cinnamic or benzoic acid). The oleo-resin of Copaiba Langsdorffii (Desfontaines) O. Kuntze, an...

Copaiba. Copaiva. Balsam Of Copaiba. Continued: Therapeutics Of Copaiba Internal Genito-urinary tract. - Copaiba, or more usually its oil, is largely used to stimulate and disinfect this part of the body in cases of pyelitis, vaginitis, and gonor...

Oleum Thymi. Oil Of Thyme: A volatile oil distilled from the leaves and flowering tops of Thymus vulgaris Linne (nat. ord. Labiatae). Habitat Southern France. Characters A yellowish or yellowish-red liquid, having a strong ...

Cubeba. Cubeb: The unripe fruit of Piper Cubeba Linne Alius (nat. ord. Piperaceae). Habitat Java; cultivated. Characters Globular, about 4 or 5 mm. in diameter, contracted at the base into a rounded stipe about ...

Oleum Santali. Oil Of Santal. Oil Of Sandal Wood: Synonym. Oil Of Sandal Wood A volatile oil distilled from the wood of Santalum album Linne (nat. ord. Santalaceae). Habitat, - Southern India. Characters A pale yellowish or yellow, somewhat thick...

Matico: Matico. - The leaves of Piper angustifolium Ruiz et Pavon (nat. ord. Piperaceae). Habitat Tropical America. Characters From 10 to 15 cm. long, short petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, apex pointed, bas...

Damiana: Damiana. (Not official.) - The leaves of several plants, principally Bigelovia veneta Gray and Turnera microphylla De Candolle, var., aphro-disiaca (nat. ord. Turneraceae). Habitat Western North Ame...

Sabina. Savine: The tops of Juniperns Sabina Linne (nat. ord. Coniferae). Habitat Siberia, Europe, Canada and Northern United States. Characters Short, thin, subquadrangular branchlets; leaves rather dark green, ...

Tanacetum. Tansy: The leaves and tops of Tanacetum vulgare Linne (nat. ord. Compositae). Habitat Asia and Europe; naturalized in North America; cultivated. Characters Leaves about 15 cm. long; bipinnatifid, the seg...

Oleum Rutae. Oil Of Rue: (Not official.) - The volatile oil distilled from the fresh herb of Ruta graveolens (nat. ord. Rutaceae). Habitat Britain. Characters A light yellow oil, becoming brown on keeping. Taste bitter. O...

Group VII. Vegetable Bitters: All these substances contain a bitter principle which stimulates the functions of the stomach. Calumba, Canella, Calamus, Gentian, Quassia, Cascarilla, Chirata, Cusparia, Serpentaria, Cimicifuga, Dan...

Calumba. Columbo: Calumba. - Synonym. - Columbo. The root of Jateorrhiza palmata (Lamarck) Miers (nat. ord. Menispermaceae). Habitat Eastern Africa; cultivated in some East Indian Islands. Characters In nearly circ...

Canella. Canellae Cortex: (Not official.) - Canella Bark. The bark of Canella alba (nat. ord. Canellaceae) deprived of its corky layer and dried. Habitat South Florida and the Bahamas. Characters Quills, 8 to 20 cm. long, ...

Calamus. Sweet Flag: Calamus. - Synonym. - Sweet Flag. The rhizome of Acorus Calamus Linne (nat. ord. Aroideae). Habitat Europe and North America, on the banks of streams and ponds. Characters In sections of various l...

Gentiana. Gentian: The root of Gentiana lutea Linne (nat. ord. Gentianeae). Habitat Mountains of Central and Southern Europe. Characters In nearly cylindrical pieces or longitudinal slices, about 25 mm. thick, the u...

Quassia: Quassia. - The wood of Picraena excelsa (Swartz) Lindley (nat. ord. Simarubeae). Habitat Jamaica. Characters In billets of various sizes, dense, tough, of medium hardness, porous, with a minute pi...

Cascarilla: Cascarilla. - The bark of Crolon Eluteria Bennett (nat. ord. Euphorbiaceae). Habitat Bahama Islands. Characters In quills or curved pieces about 2 mm. thick, having a grayish, somewhat fissured, e...

Chirata. Chiretta: Chirata. - Synonym. - Chiretta. The entire plant, Swertia Chirata Hamilton (nat. ord. Gentianeae). Habitat Mountains of Northern India. Characters Root nearly simple, about 7 cm. long; stem branch...

Cusparia. Cuspariae Cortex. Cusparia Bark. Angustura Bark: B. P., not official. - Cusparia Bark. Synonym. - Angustura Bark. The bark of Cusparia febrifuga (nat. ord. Rutaceae). Habitat Tropical South America. Characters Flat or curved pieces or quills, 16...

Serpentaria. Virginia Snakeroot: Serpentaria. - Synonym. - Virginia Snakeroot. The rhizome and roots of Aristolochia Serpentaria Linne, and of Aristolochia reticulata Nuttall (nat. ord. Aristolochiaceae). Habitat United States, in ...

Cimicifuga. Black Snakeroot. Black Cohosh: Cimicifuga. - Synonyms. - Black Snakeroot. Black Cohosh. The rhizome and roots of Cimicifuga racemosa (Linne) Nuttall (nat ord. Ranun-culaceae). Habitat North America; in rich woodlands, westward to...

Taraxacum. Taraxacum. Dandelion: Taraxacum. Taraxacum. - Synonym. - Dandelion. The root of Taraxaum officinale Weber (nat. ord. Compositae), gathered in autumn. Habitat Grassy places and roadsides in Europe; naturalized in the Unit...

Aurantii Cortex. Aurantii Amari Cortex. Bitter Orange Peel: Bitter Orange Peel. The rind of the fruit of Citrus vulgaris Risso (nat. ord. Rutaceae). Habitat Northern India; cultivated in subtropical countries. Characters In narrow, thin bands, or in quarte...

Group VIII. Vegetable Drugs Containing Tannic Acid: These are all astringent. Oak Bark, Nutgall, Tannic Acid, Gallic Acid, Pyrogallol, Catechu, Krameria, Kino, Haematoxylon, Hamamelis, Rhus Glabra, Geranium, Rubus, Rumex, Eucalyptus Gum, Coto. ...

Quercus Alba. White Oak: The bark of the Quercus alba Linne (nat. ord. Cupuliferae). Habitat North America, westward to Minnesota, Kansas, and Mississippi; in woods. Characters In nearly flat pieces, deprived of the corky...

Galla. Nutgall: An excrescence on Quercus lusitanica Lamarck (nat. ord. Cupuliferae), caused by the punctures and deposited ova of Cynips Galls tinctoriae Olivier (class Insecta; order Hymenoptera. Habitat - Levant....

Acidum Tannicum. Tannic Acid. Tannin. Gallotannic Acid. Digallic Acid: 2, Hc14h9o9=321.2. Synonyms. - Tannin. Gallotannic Acid. Digallic Acid. An organic acid extracted from Nutgall. Source 1) Expose powdered Nutgall to a damp atmosphere for twenty-four hours. (2) Add ...

Tannic Acid. Tannin. Gallotannic Acid. Digallic Acid. Continued: Therapeutics Of Tannic Acid The therapeutical applications of tannic acid are very numerous. It is used as an astringent for ulcers, sores, various moist eruptions, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, nasal ca...

Acidum Gallicum. Gallic Acid: Hc7h5o5+H2O=187.55. An organic acid, usually prepared from Tannic Acid. Source By exposing a mixture of Nutgall and distilled water in the form of a thin paste, to the air for a month, expressing an...

Pyrogallol. Pyrogallol. Pyrogallic Acid: Pyrogallol. Pyrogallol. - C6H3(OH)3,=125.7. Synonym. - Pyrogallic Acid. Source A triatomic phenol obtained chiefly by the dry distillation of Gallic Acid. Hc7h5o5=C6H3(OH)3+Co2. Characters Light w...

Catechu. Cutch: Catechu. - Synonym. - Cutch. An extract prepared from the wood of Acacia Catechu (Linne filius) Willdenow (nat. ord. Legurninosae). Habitat India. Characters In irregular masses, containing fragme...

Krameria. Rhatany: Krameria. - Synonym. - Rhatany. The root of Krameria triandra Ruiz et Pavon, and of Krameria Ixina Linne (nat. ord. Polygaleae). Habitat Peru and Bolivia. Characters From 1 to 3 cm. thick, knotty ...

Kino: Kino. - The inspissated juice of Pterocarpus Marsupium Roxburgh (nat. ord. Leguminosae). Habitat East Indies. Characters Small, angular, dark brownish-red, shining pieces, brittle, in thin layers ...

Haematoxylon. Logwood: Haematoxylon. - Synonym. - Logwood. The heart-wood of Haematoxylon campechianum Linne (nat. ord. Leguminosae). Habitat Central America; naturalized in the West Indies. Characters Heavy, hard, exte...

Hamamelis. Witchhazel: Hamamelis. - Synonym. - Witchhazel. The leaves of Hamamelis virginiana Linne (nat. ord. Hamamelaceae), collected in autumn. Habitat North America, in thickets. Characters Short petiolate, about 10...

Rhus Glabra. Sumach: Rhus Glabra. - Synonym. - Sumach. The fruit of Rhus glabra Linne (nat. ord. Anacardieae). Habitat North America, west to Colorado and Idaho; in barren soil. Characters Subglobular, about 3 mm. in ...

Geranium. Cranesbill: Geranium. - Synonym. - Cranesbill. The rhizome of Geranium maculatum Linne (nat. ord. Geraniaceae). Habitat North America, in woods and thickets. Characters Of horizontal growth, cylindrical, 5 to...

Rubus. Blackberry: Rubus. - Synonym. - Blackberry. The bark of the root of Rubus vil-losus Aiton, Rubus canadensis Linne, and Rubus trivialis Michaux (nat. ord. Rosacea). Habitat North America, in fields and thickets....

Rumex. Yellow Dock: Rumex.Synonym. - Yellow Dock. The root of Rumex crispus Linne, and of some other species of Rumex (nat. ord. Polygonaceae). Habitat Europe; naturalized in North America, in grassy places and along ...

Eucalypti Gummi. Eucalyptus Gum. Red Gum: B. P., not official. Synonym. - Red Gum. A ruby-colored exudation from the bark of Eucalyptus rostrata (nat. ord. Myrtaceae) and from other species. Habitat Australia. Characters An inspissated se...

Coto. Coto Bark: Not official.. - The bark of Drimys Winteri, Foster, var. granatensis, Eichler. Habitat Venezuela. Characters In irregular pieces, outer surface irregular as well as the inner surface; color cinna...

Group IX. Vegetable Demulcent Substances: Many of these are nutritive. Olive Oil, Soap, Chondrus, Glycerin, Oleic Acid, Althaea, Almond, Tragacanth, Acacia, Ulmus, Liquorice, Linseed, Pearl Barley, Sugar, Malt, Soja Bean, Cetraria, Raisins...

Oleum Olivae. Olive Oil. Sweet Oil: Synonym. - Sweet Oil. A fixed oil expressed from the ripe fruit of Olea europaea Linne (nat ord. Oleaceae). Habitat Asia and Southern Europe; cultivated. Characters A pale yellow, or light greenis...

Sapo. White Castile Soap. Hard Soap: Soap. - Sodium Oleate, NaC18H33O2. Synonyms. - White Castile Soap, Hard Soap. Source Soap is prepared from Soda and Olive Oil. C3H5(C18H33O2)3+ 3NaOH=2NaC18H33O2 (Hard Soap)+C3H5(OH)3 (Glycerin). C...

Chondrus. Chondrus. Irish Moss. Carragheen: Synonyms. - Irish Moss. Carragheen. The entire plant of Chondrus crispus Stackhouse, and Gigartina mamillosa J. Agardh (class Alga). Habitat Atlantic Ocean. Characters Yellowish or white, horny, t...

Glycerinum. Glycerin. Glycerol: C3H5(OH), - 91.79. A triatomic alcohol. Synonym. -Glycerol. Source A liquid obtained by the decomposition of vegetable or animal fats or fixed oils (see pp. 13 and 605), and containing not less than...

Acidum Oleicum. Oleic Acid: Hc18h33o2=281.38. Source An organic acid, prepared in a sufficiently pure condition by cooling commercial Oleic Acid to about 4I0 F.; 50 C, then separating and preserving the liquid portion. In case...

Althaea. Marshmallow: Althaea. - Synonym. - Marshmallow. The root of Althaea officinalis Linne (nat. ord. Malvaceae). Habitat Europe, Western and Northern Asia; naturalized in the Eastern United States and in Australia, ...

Amygdala. Amygdala Amara. Bitter Almond: Bitter Almond. The seed of Prunus Amygdalus, var. amara De Candolle (nat. ord. Rosacea). Habitat Western Asia; naturalized in the Mediterranean basin; cultivated. Characters About 25 mm. long, obl...

Amygdala Dulcis. Sweet Almond. Jordan Almond: Synonym. - Jordan Almond. The seed of Prunus Amygdalus, var. dulcis De Candolle (nat. ord. Rosacea.) Habitat Western Asia; naturalized in the Mediterranean basin; cultivated. Characters Closely re...

Tragacantha. Tragacanth: A gummy exudation from Astragalus gummifer Labillardiere, and from other species of Astragalus (nat. ord. Leguminosae). Habitat Western Asia. Characters In narrow or broad bands, more or less curv...

Acacia. Gum Arabic: Acacia. - Synonym. - Gum Arabic. A gummy exudation from Acacia Senegal Willdenow (nat. ord. Leguminosae). Habitat Eastern Africa, principally Kordofan; Western Africa, near the river Senegal. Chara...

Ulmus. Elm. Slippery Elm Bark: Elm. - Synonym. - Slippery Elm Bark. The inner bark of Ulmus fulva Michaux (nat. ord. Urticaceae). Habitat North America, west to Louisiana and Nebraska, in woods. Characters In flat pieces, varyi...

Glycyrrhiza. Liquorice Root: Glycyrrhiza. - Synonym. - Liquorice Root. The root of Gly-cyrrhiza glabra Linne, and of the variety glandulifera (Waldstein et Kittai-bel) Reger et Herder (nat. ord. Leguminosae). Habitat Southern E...

Linum. Linseed. Flaxseed: Synonym. - Flaxseed. The seed of Linum usitatissimum Linne (nat ord. Lineae). Habitat Levant and Southern Europe; cultivated and spontaneous in most temperate countries. Characters About 4 or 5 mm...

Saccharum. Sugar. Cane Sugar. Sucrose: C12H22O11=34l.2. Synonyms. - Cane Sugar. Sucrose. The refined Sugar obtained from Saccharum officinarum Linne, and from various species or varieties of Sorghum (nat. ord. Gramineae); also from one or ...

Hordeum Decorticatum. Pearl Barley: (Not official.) - The dried seed of Hordeum dis-tichum (nat. ord. Graminaceae) divested of its integuments. Habitat Britain. Characters White, rounded, with a light longitudinal furrow. Action ...

Maltum. Byne. Malt: Malt. (Not official.) Synonym. - Byne. The seed of common barley, Hordeum distichum (nat. ord. Graminaceae), caused to enter the incipient state of germination by artificial means, and dried. It conta...

Soja. Soja Bean: (Not official.) - The bean of Soja hispida. Habitat Japan; cultivated in Southern Asia. Composition Soluble Casein, 30; Albumin, 0.5; Insoluble Casein, 7; Fat, 18; Cholesterin, 2; Water, 10; Dextr...

Cetraria. Iceland Moss. Cetraria Islandica. Acharius: Cetraria. - Synonym. - Iceland Moss. Cetraria islandica (Linne). Acharius (class Lichenes). Habitat Northern Hemisphere. Characters From 5 to 10 cm. long, foliaceous, irregularly branched into fri...

Raisins: Raisins. (Not official.) - The ripe fruit of Vitis vinifera (nat. ord. Ampelidae), the grape-vine, dried in the sun, or partly by artificial heat. Habitat Spain. Composition The chief constituents...

Group X. Vegetable Drugs Which Are Used To Kill Parasites: Class I. Anthelmintics for the various species of Tapeworm. Aspidium, Pomegranate, Kousso, Kamala, Pepo. Class II. Anthelmintics for the Roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides). Santonica, Spigelia, Chenop...

Aspidium. Male Fern: Aspidium. - Synonym. - Male Fern. The rhizome of Dryopteris Filix-mas Schott, and of Dryopteris marginalis Asa Gray (nat. ord. Filices). Habitat North America, Northern Asia, Europe. Characters Fr...

Granatum. Pomegranate: The bark of the stem and root of Punica Granatum Linne (nat. ord. Lytkrariea). Habitat India and Southwestern Asia; cultivated and naturalized in subtropical countries. Characters In the quills or...

Cusso. Kousso. Brayera. Kooso: Synonyms. - Brayera. Kooso. The female inflorescence of Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) Gmelin (nat. ord. Rosacea). Habitat Abyssinia. Characters In bundles, rolls, or compressed clusters, consisting o...

Kamala. Rottlera: Kamala. - Synonym. - Rottlera. The glands and hairs from the capsules of Mallotus philippinensis (Lamarck) Mueller Arg. (nat. ord. Euphorbiaceae). Habitat India, China and Philippine Islands. Chara...

Pepo. Pumpkin Seed: The seed of Cucurbita Pepo Linne (nat. ord. Cucurbitaceae). Habitat Tropical Asia and America; cultivated. Characters About 2 cm. long, broadly ovate, flat, white, or whitish, nearly smooth, with ...

Santonica. Levant Wormseed: Santonica. - Synonym. - Levant Wormseed. The unexpanded flower-heads of Artemisia pauciflora Weber (nat. ord. Compositae). Habitat Turkestan. Characters From 2 to 4 mm. long, oblong-ovoid, obtuse,...

Spigelia. Pinkroot. Carolina Pink: Spigelia. - Synonyms. - Pinkroot. Carolina Pink. The rhizome and roots of Spigelia marilandica Linne (nat. ord. Loganiaceae). Habitat Southern United States; westward to Texas and Wisconsin, in rich...

Chenopodium. American Wormseed: Chenopodium. - Synonym. - American Wormseed. The fruit of Chenopodium ambrosioides Linne, and variety anthelminticum Gray (nat. ord. Chenopodiaceae). Habitat West India and Central America; naturali...

Staphisagria. Stavesacre: Staphisagria. - Synonym. - Stavesacre. The seed of Delphinium Staphisagria Linne (nat. ord. Ranunculaceae). Habitat Basin of the Mediterranean; cultivated. Characters About 5 mm. long, 3 or 4 mm. ...

Picrotoxinum. Picrotoxin. Cocculus Indicus. Fishberry: C30H34O13=600.58. A neutral principle obtained from the seed of Anamirta patticulata Colebrooke (nat. ord. Menispermaceae). Synonyms. - Cocculus Indicus. Fishberry. Habitat East India. Source Obta...

Group XI. Vegetable Drugs Apparently Having Only A Diuretic Action: Uva Ursi, Apocynum, Zea, Triticum, Marrubium, Pareira, Dulcamara, Chirnaphila, Fabiana. ...

Uva Ursi. Bearberry: Uva Ursi. - Synonym. - Bearberry. The leaves of Arctostaphylos Uva Ursi (Linne) Sprengel (nat. ord. Ericaceae). Habitat Northern Hemisphere, in dry and sandy or rocky places; in the United States, s...

Apocynum. Canadian Hemp: Apocynum. - Synonym. - Canadian Hemp. The root of Apocynum cannabinum Linne (nat. ord. Apocynaceae). Habitat United States, on the border of thickets and in grassy places. Characters Long, cylindr...

Zea. Cornsilk: Zea. - Synonym. - Corn-silk. The styles and stigmas of Zea Mays Linne (nat. ord. Gramineae). Habitat Tropical America; cultivated in the warm, temperate zone. Characters Thread-like; about 15 cm. ...

Triticum. Couchgrass: Triticum. - Synonym. - Couch-Grass. The rhizome of Agropyrum repens (Linne) Beauvois (nat. ord. Gramineae), gathered in the spring and deprived of the roots. Habitat Europe and North America. Chara...

Marrubium. Horehound: Marrubium - Synonym. - Horehound. The leaves and tops of Marrubium vulgare Linne (nat. ord. Labiatae). Habitat Europe, Central Asia; naturalized in North America; cultivated. Characters Leaves ab...

Pareira. Pareira Brava: Pareira. - Synonym. - Pareira Brava. The root of Chondodendron tomentosum Ruiz et Pavon (nat. ord. Menispermaceae). Habitat Brazil. Characters Subcylindrical, somewhat tortuous pieces, about 10 to...

Dulcamara. Bittersweet. Woody Nightshade: Dulcamara. - Synonyms. - Bittersweet. Woody Nightshade. The young branches of Solanum Dulcamara Linne (nat. ord. So/anaceae). Habitat Europe and Asia; naturalized in North America. Characters Abou...

Chimaphila. Pipsissewa. Prince's Pine: Chimaphila. - Synonyms. - Pipsissewa. Prince's Pine. The leaves of Chimaphila umbellata (Linne) Nuttall (nat. ord. Ericaceae). Habitat Northern Continent. Characters About 5 cm. long, oblanceolate...

Fabiana. Pichi: (Not official.) - The branches of the woody shrub, Fabiana imbricata (nat. ord. Solanaceae). Habitat Peru and Chili. Characters A woody shrub growing on rocky hill-tops, with plumelike sprays, the...

Group XII. Vegetable Drugs Acting Locally On Unstriped Muscle, Especially That Of The Uterus: Ergot, Hydrastis, Cotton Root Bark, Caulophyllum, Viburnum, Apiol. ...

Ergota. Ergot. Ergot Of Rye: Synonym. - Ergot of Rye. The sclerotium of Claviceps purpurea (Fries) Tulasne (class Fungi), replacing the grain of rye, Secale cereale Linne (nat. ord. Gramineae). Habitat Spain and Russia. Charac...

Action Of Ergot: The chief action of cornutine is on voluntary and involuntary muscle, which is stimulated to contract, hence prolonged muscle curves, increased peristalsis of the intestines, tonic contraction of the ...

Hydrastis. Golden Seal. Yellow Puccoon: Hydrastis. - Synonyms. - Golden Seal. Yellow Puccoon. The rhizome and roots of Hydrastis canadensis Linne (nat. ord. Ranunrulaceae.) Habitat North America, west to Missouri and Arkansas, in woodland...

Gossypii Radicis Cortex. Cotton Root Bark: The bark of the root of Gossypium herbaceum Linne, and of other species of Gossypium (nat. ord. Malvaceae). Habitat Subtropical Asia and Africa; cultivated in the United States. Characters In thin...

Caulophyllum. Blue Cohosh. Squaw Root: Caulophyllum. - Synonyms. - Blue Cohosh. Squaw Root. The rhizome and roots of Caulophyllum thalictroides (Linne) Michaux (nat, ord. Berberidaceae). Habitat North America, southward to Kentucky, in r...

Viburnum. Viburnum Prunifolium. Black Haw: Synonym. - Black Haw. The bark of Viburnum prunifolium Linne (nat. ord. Caprifoliaceae). Habitat United States, westward to Kansas and Mississippi; in thickets. Characters In thin pieces or quills...

Viburnum Opulus. Cramp Bark. High Bush Cranberry: Viburnum Opulus. - Synonyms. - Cramp Bark. High Bush Cranberry. The bark of Viburnum Opulus Linne (nat. ord. Caprifoliaceae). Habitat North America, from New Brunswick westward, and southward to Pen...

Apiolum. Apiol. Parsley: (Not official.) - C12H14O4=221.48. A substance obtained from the fruit of Petroselinum sativum (nat. ord. Umbelliferae). Synonym.- Parsley. Habitat Southern Europe; cultivated. Source The fruit is...

Group XIII. Colchicum: The sole value of this drug is that it is generally a specific for gout. ...

Colchicum. Colchici Radix. Meadow Saffron: Colchicum Root. The corm of Colchicum au-tumnale Linne (nat. ord. Liliaceae). Synonym. - Meadow Saffron. Habitat Southern and Central Europe. Characters About 25 mm. long, ovoid, flattish and with...

Colchicum. Colchici Radix. Meadow Saffron. Continued: Therapeutics Of Colchicum Colchicum is hardly ever used except for gout. Given during the attack, it most markedly relieves the pain; in smaller doses given between the attacks it diminishes their se...

Group XIV. The Stearoptens: The three bodies in this group are white solids, all very closely related to volatile oils, all are antiseptic (two very powerfully so) and two at least, and probably all three, are local anaesthetics...

Camphora. Camphor. Gum Camphor, Laurel Camphor: Synonyms. - Gum Camphor, Laurel Camphor, C10Hi6o =151.66. A stearopten (having the nature of a ketone) obtained from Cin-namomum Camphora) (Linne) Nees et Ebermaier (nat. ord. Laurineae), and purified...

Action Of Camphor: External Camphor, although not a volatile oil, acts very much like one. Thus it is a direct cutaneous stimulant, dilating the vessels of the skin, and at first causing a sensation of warmth, but subs...

Thymol: Thymol. - C10H14O=149.66. A phenol (classified in the B. P. as a stearopten) occurring in the volatile oils of (1) Thymus vulgaris Linne, (2) Monarda punctata Linne (nat. ord. Labiatae), and (3) Carum...

Menthol: Menthol. - C10H19OH=155.66. A stearopten (having the character of a secondary Alcohol), obtained from the official oil of peppermint (from Mentha piperita Smith), or from Japanese or Chinese oil of pe...

Group XV. Vegetable Drugs Acting By Virtue Of Important Acids They Contain: Lemon juice (Citric Acid), Laurocerasus (Hydrocyanic Acid), Benzoin (Benzoic Acid), Chrysarobinum (Chrysophanic Acid), Rhus Toxicodendron (Toxicodendric Acid). Wild Cherry (see p. 462) and Bitter Almo...

Lemon. Limonis Cortex. Lemon Peel: The rind of the recent fruit of Citrus Limonum Risso (nat. ord. Rutaceae). Habitat, - Northern India; cultivated in subtropical countries. Characters In narrow, thin bands or in elliptical segments...

Laurocerasus. Cherry Laurel: B. P., not official. - The fresh leaves of Primus laurocerasus (nat. ord. Rosaceae). Habitat Europe. Characters Thick coriaceous, on short, strong petioles. Oblong or ovate, 12 to 16 cm. long, tap...

Benzoinum. Benzoin. Gum Benjamin: Synonym. - Gum Benjamin. A balsamic resin obtained from Styrax Benzoin Dryander (nat. ord. Styraceae). Habitat Sumatra, Java, probably also Siam. Characters In lumps consisting of agglutinated, ye...

Action Of Benzoic Acid: So far as is known, the action of benzoic acid, its salts, and benzoin, is the same. We shall therefore here describe only the action of benzoic acid. External Benzoic acid is a powerful antiseptic....

Chrysarobinum. Chrysarobin. Rhein: A neutral principle, in its commercial, more or less impure form, extracted from Goa or Araroba Powder, a substance found deposited in the wood of Andira Araroba Aguiar (nat. ord. Leguminosae). Habit...

Rhus Toxicodendron. Poison Ivy. Poison Oak: Rhus Toxicodendron. - Synonyms. - Poison Ivy. Poison Oak. The fresh leaves of Rhus radicans Linne (nat. ord. Anacardieae). Habitat North America, west to Wyoming and Texas; in thickets. Characters ...

Group XVI. Vegetable Drugs Only Used As Flavoring Agents: Balm, Raspberry, Vanilla, Sage, Oil of Bay, Oil of Sesamum. ...

Melissa. Balm: Melissa. - Synonym. - Balm. The leaves and tops of Melissa officinalis Linne (nat. ord. Labiatae). Habitat Asia Minor, Southern Europe; naturalized in the United States; cultivated. Characters Lea...

Rubus Idaeus. Raspberry: The fruit of Rubus idaeus Linne (nat. ord. Rosaceae). Habitat Europe and Asia; cultivated. Characters Deprived of the conical receptacle, and therefore hollow at the base; hemispherical, red, fine...

Vanilla: Vanilla. - The fruit of Vanilla planifolia Andrews (nat ord. Or-chideae). Habitat Eastern Mexico, in hot, damp woods; cultivated in the tropics. Characters From 15 to 25 cm. long, and about 8 mm. ...

Salvia. Sage: Salvia. - Synonym. - Sage. The leaves of Salvia officinalis Linn6 (nat. ord. Labiata). Habitat Southern Europe; cultivated. Characters About 5 cm. long, petiolate, ovate-oblong, obtuse or subacute...

Oleum Myrciae. Oil Of Myrcia. Oil Of Bay: A volatile oil distilled from the leaves of Myrcia acris De Candolle (nat. ord. Myrtaceae). Habitat West Indies. Characters A yellow or brownish-yellow liquid, having an aromatic, somewhat clove-l...

Oleum Sesami. Oil Of Sesamum. Sesame Oil. Teel Oil. Benne Oil: Synonyms. - Sesame Oil. Teel Oil. Benne Oil. A fixed oil expressed from the seed of Sesamum indicum Linne (nat. ord. Pedaliaceae). Habitat India; cultivated. Characters A yellowish or yellow, oily...

Crocus. Saffron: The stigmas of Crocus sativus Linne (nat. ord. Irideae). Habitat Western Asia; cultivated in Spain and France. Characters Separate stigmas, or three, attached to the top of the style, about 3 cm. ...

Santalum Rubrum. Red Saunders: The wood of Pterocarpus santalinus Linne filius (nat. ord. Leguminosae). Habitat Madras; cultivated. Characters A hard, heavy, dark reddish-brown, coarsely splintery wood, deprived of the light-co...

Group XVIII. Vegetable Substances Whose Action Is Mechanical: Cotton, Pyroxylin, Cotton Seed Oil, Oil of Theobroma, Mastic, India-rubber, Starch, Lycopodium, Quillaja. ...

Gossypium Purificatum. Purified Cotton. Absorbent Cotton: The hairs of the seed of Gossypium herbaceum Linne, and of other species of Gos-sypium (nat. ord. Malvaceae), freed from adhering impurities, and deprived of fatty matter. Habitat Tropical Asia and ...

Oleum Gossypii Seminis. Cotton Seed Oil: A fixed oil expressed from the seed of Gossypium herbaceum Linne, and other species of Gossypium (nat. ord. Mai-vaceae), and subsequently purified. Habitat Asia and Africa; cultivated. Characters ...

Oleum Theobromatis. Oil Of Theobroma. Cacao Butter: Synonym. - Cacao Butter. A fixed oil expressed from the seed of Theobroma Cacao Linne (nat ord. Sterculiaceae). Habitat South America. Characters A yellowish-white solid, having a faint, agreeable...

Mastiche. Mastic: A concrete resinous exudation from Pistacia Lentiscus Linne (nat. ord. Anacardieae). Habitat Mediterranean basin. Characters Globular or elongated tears, of about the size of a pea, sometimes cove...

Elastica. Indiarubber. Caoutchouc: Synonym. - Caoutchouc. The prepared milk-juice of various species of Hevea (nat. ord. Euphorbiaceae), known in commerce as Para Rubber. Habitat In tropical countries. Characters In cakes, balls, o...

Amylum. Starch: The fecula of the seed of Zea Mays Linne (nat. ord. Gra-mineae). Habitat Tropical Asia and Africa; cultivated in tropical and subtropical countries. Characters In irregular, angular masses, which ...

Lycopodium. Lycopodium. Vegetable Sulphur. Club Moss: Synonyms. - Vegetable Sulphur. Club Moss. The spores of Lycopodium clavatum Linne, and of other species of Lycopodium (nat. ord. Lycopodiaceae). Habitat Europe, Asia, and North America, in dry woods...

Quillaja. Panama Bark. Soap Bark: Quillaja. - Synonyms. Panama Bark. Soap Bark. The inner bark of Quillaja Saponaria Molina (nat. ord. Rosacea). Habitat Chili and Peru. Characters Flat, large pieces, about 5 mm. thick; outer surfa...

Group XIX. Vegetable Substances Acting On Metabolism: Guaiacum Xanthoxylum, Sarsaparilla, Menispermum, Stillingia, Lappa, Sassafras, Hemidesmus, Calendula, Scutellaria, Tonga, Bael Fruit, Oleum Gynocardiae. ...

Guaiacum. Guaiaci Lignum. Lignum Vitae: Guaiacum Wood. Synonym. - Lignum vitae. The heart-wool of Guaiacum officinale Linne, and of Guaiacum sanctum Linne (nat. ord. Zygophylleae). Habitat West Indies, North and South America. Characters...

Xanthoxylon. Prickly Ash Bark: Xanthoxylon. - Synonym. - Prickly Ash Bark. The bark of Xan-thoxylum americanum Miller, and of Xanthoxylum Clava-Herculis Linne (nat. ord. Rutaceae). Habitat North America. Characters Xanthoxylum ...

Sarsaparilla: Sarsaparilla. - The root of Smilax officinalis Kunth, Smilax medica Chamisso et Schlechtendal, Smilax papyracea Duhamel, and of other undetermined species of Smilax (nat. ord. Liliaceae). Habitat Tr...

Menispermum. Canadian Moonseed. Yellow Parilia: The rhizome and roots of Menispermum canadense Linne (nat. ord. Menispermaceae). Habitat North America, in moist thickets. Characters Rhizome several feet long, about 5 mm. thick, brown or yellowi...

Stillingia. Queen's Root. Queen's Delight: Stillingia. - Synonyms.. - Queen's Root. Queen's Delight. The root of Stillingia sylvalica Linne (nat. ord. Euphorbiaceae). Habitat Southern United States, in sandy soil. Characters About 30 cm. l...

Lappa. Burdock: Lappa. - Synonym. - Burdock. The root of Arctium Lappa Linne and some other species of Arctium (nat. ord. Compositae). Habitat Europe and Northern Asia; naturalized in North America, in waste places...

Sassafras: Sassafras. - The bark of the root of Sassafras variifolium (Salisbury) O. Kuntze (nat. ord. Laurineae). Habitat North America from Eastern Texas and Kansas eastward to Florida and Ontario; in woods....

Hemidesmus. Indian Sarsaparilla: Hemidesmus. B. P., not official. - The dried root of Hemides-mus Indicus (nat. ord. Asclepiadaceae). Synonym. - Indian Sarsaparilla. Habitat India. Characters Cylindrical, twisted, longitudinally ...

Calendula. Marigold: Calendula. - Synonym. - Marigold. The florets of Calendula officinalis Linne (nat. ord. Compositae). Habitat Levant and Southern Europe; cultivated. Characters Florets about 12 mm. long, linear an...

Scutellaria. Skullcap: Scutellaria. - Synonym. - Skullcap. The herb of Scutellaria lateriflora Linne (nat. ord. Labiatae). Habitat North America; west to Alabama, New Mexico and Oregon, in damp thickets. Characters Abou...

Tonga. The Bark Of Raphidorphora Vitiensis: Tonga. - The bark of Raphidorphora vitiensis (nat. ord. Araceae) and Premna taitensis (nat. ord. Verbenaceae). Habitat Fiji Islands. Composition The chief constituents are - (1) Tongine, a volatil...

Belae Fructus. Bael Fruit: B. P., not official. - The dried half-ripe fruit of AEgle marmelos (nat. ord. Rutaceae). Habitat Malabar and Coromandel. Characters Roundish fruit the size of a large orange, usually imported in f...

Oleum Gynocardiae. Chaulmoogra Oil: Not official. - The expressed oil from the seed of Gynocardia odorata (nat. ord. Bixineae). Habitat East India. Characters This is a whitish substance which is solid at 107o F., 42o C., and is of ...

Moschus. Musk: Musk. - The dried secretion from the preputial follicles of Moschus moschiferus Linne (class Mammalia; order Ruminantia). Habitat Central Asia. Characters In irregular, crumbly somewhat unctuous g...

Fel Bovis. Oxgall. Fel Tauri: Synonym. - Fel Tauri. The fresh bile of Bos Taurus Linne (class Mammalia; order Buminantia). Habitat Domesticated. Characters A brownish-green or dark-green, somewhat viscid liquid, having a pecul...

Mel. Honey: A saccharine secretion deposited in the honey-comb by Apis mellifica Linne (class Insecta; order Hymenoptera). Habitat Domesticated. Characters A syrupy liquid of a light yellowish to pale yellowi...

Pepsinum. Pepsin: A proteolytic ferment or enzyme obtained from the glandular layer of fresh stomachs from healthy pigs, (Sus scrofa Linne; class Mammalia; order Pachydermata), and capable of digesting not less than 30...

Pancreatinum. Pancreatin. Zymine: Synonym. - Zymine. A mixture of the enzymes naturally existing in the pancreas of warm-blooded animals, usually obtained from the fresh pancreas of healthy pigs (Sus scrofa Linne; class Mammalia; orde...

Oleum Morrhuae. Cod Liver Oil. Oleum Jecoris Aselli: A fixed oil obtained from fresh livers of Gadus Morrhua Linne, and of other species of Gadus (class Pisces: order Teleostia; family Gadida.) Habitat North Atlantic Ocean. An oil obtained from the Ca...

Oleum Morrhuae. Cod Liver Oil. Oleum Jecoris Aselli. Continued: Therapeutics Of Cod Liver Oil External The smell of cod liver oil is so disagreeable that it should not be rubbed in externally unless this treatment be absolutely necessary. Internal Cod liver oi...

Lac. Milk: Milk. - Not official. - The fresh milk of the cow, Bos Taurus. (Ord. Ruminantia.) Habitat Domesticated. Artificial Human Milk. - (Not official.) Preparation Take half a pint 240. c.c. of skimmed...

Peptonized Milk: (Not official) Preparation Mix a pint 480. c.c. of milk with 5 fl. oz. 150. c.c. of water. Heat to 1400 F. 60 C., and add Liquor Pancreatis, B. P. 1 fl. dr. 4. c.c.; and Sodium Bicarbonate, 20 ...

Kumyss. Koumiss: Kumyss. - (Not official). - This is frequently written, Koumiss. Preparation. - Dissolve 4 dr. 15 gm. of grape sugar in 4 fl. oz. 120. c.c. of water and 20 gr. 1.20 gm. of yeast in 4 fl. oz. 120. c.c....

Extractum Carnis. Extract Of Meat: (Not official). - This preparation has for its object the obtaining the nutritive matters of the flesh of animals in a permanent concentrated state. Source Equal parts of meat and cold water. Strain...

Adeps. Lard: Lard. - The prepared internal fat of the abdomen of Sus scrofa Linne (class Mammalia; order Pachydermata), purified by washing with water, melting, and straining. Habitat Domesticated. Characters ...

Cetaceum. Spermaceti: A peculiar, concrete, fatty substance, obtained from the sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus Linne (class Mammalia; order Cetacea. Habitat Pacific and Indian Oceans. Characters White, somewhat tra...

Vitellus. Yolk Of Egg: The yolk of the egg of Gallus Bankiva, var. do-mestica Temminck (class Aves; order Gallinae). Habitat Java and Cochin China; domesticated. Composition 1) Vitellin, 16 per cent. (2) Fat, 30 per cen...

Ovi Albumin. Egg Albumin: Not official. - The liquid white of egg of Gallus Bankiva, var. domestica. Habitat Java and Cochin China; domesticated. Action And Therapeutics Of Egg Albumin Egg albumin is an antidote to poiso...

Coccus. Cochineal. Cochineal Bug. Red Scale Insect: Synonyms. - Cochineal Bug. Red Scale Insect. The dried female of Coccus cacti Linne (class Insecta; order Hemiptera). Habitat Mexico and Central America; upon Opuntia cochinillifera, Miller and othe...

Sevum. Suet. Mutton Suet: The internal fat of the abdomen of Ovis Aries Linne (class Mammalia; order Ruminantia), purified by melting and straining. Habitat Domesticated. Characters A white, solid fat, nearly inodorous, an...

Sapo Animalis. Curd Soap: B. P., not official. - Soap made with sodium hydrate and a purified animal fat consisting principally of Stearin. It is chiefly Sodium Stearate, but contains some Sodium Palmitate and about 30 per cen...

Acidum Stearicum. Stearic Acid: Hc18h35o2=283.38. Source An organic acid, in its commercial, more or less impure form, usually obtained from the more solid fats, chiefly tallow from the ox, Bos Taurus Linne; (class Mammalia; order...

Adeps Lanae. Wool Fat: B. P., not official. - The purified cholesterin fat obtained as a bye-product in the dressing of sheep's wool. Source Sheep's wool, washed with cold water, then subjected to heat and pressure, yield...

Adeps Lanae Hydrosus. Hydrous Woolfat. Lanolin. Cesypum: Synonyms. - Lanolin. Cesypum. The purified fat of the wool of sheep ( Ovis Aries, Linne; class Mammalia; order Huminantia), mixed with not more than 30 per cent. of water. Habitat Domesticated. Sou...

Ichthyocolla. Isinglass: The swimming-bladder of Acipenser Huso Linne, and of other species of Acipenser (class Pisces; order Sturiones). Habitat Caspian and Black Seas and tributary rivers. Characters In separate sheets,...

Saccharum Lactis. Sugar Of Milk. Lactose: Synonym. - Lactose. C12H22O11+H2O=359.16. A peculiar, crystalline sugar, obtained from the whey of cow's milk by evaporation, and purified by re-crystallization (Bos Taurus Linne; class Mammalia; orde...

Cera. Cera Flava: Yellow Wax. A peculiar, concrete substance, prepared by Apis mellifica Linne (class Insecta; order Hymenoptera). Characters A yellowish to brownish-yellow solid, having an agreeable, honey-like odor...

Gelatinum. Gelatin: B. P., not official. - The air-dried product of the action of boiling water on gelatinous tissues, as skin, tendons, ligaments. and bone. Characters In translucent sheets or shreds. The solution in ...

Cantharis. Cantharides. Spanish Flies. Blister Beetles: Synonyms. - Spanish Flies. Blister Beetles. The Cantharis vesicatoria De Geer (class Insecta; order Coleoplera.) Habitat Southern and Central Europe, mainly on 01eaceae and Caprifoliacae. Character...

Cantharis. Cantharides. Spanish Flies. Blister Beetles. Continued: Therapeutics Of Cantharides External Cantharides is the basis of many preparations the object of which is to stimulate the growth of hair, such as the following: Acetum cantharidis B. P., cantharide...

Ichthyolum. Ichthyol. Ammonium Ichthyolsulphonate: Not official. - Synonym. - Ammonium Ichthyol-Sulphonate. Source A bituminous quartz containing the fossil remains of fish is distilled with concentrated Sulphuric Acid, and the distillate is treated...

Hirudo. The Leech: B. P., not official. - Two species are employed: (1) Sanguisuga medicinalis, the speckled leech (belly greenish-yellow, spotted with black); (2) Sanguisuga officinalis, the green leech (belly olive-gr...

Group VIII. The Organic Extracts: Thyroid, Suprarenal, and Brain Extracts, and Testicular Juice. None of these are official. ...

Thyroideum Siccum. Dry Thyroid: B. P., not official. A powder prepared from the fresh and healthy thyroid gland of the sheep. Source Remove the fat and connective tissue directly the sheep is killed. Reject cystic, hypertrophied o...

Suprarenal Extract: Suprarenal Extract (Not official) is prepared from the supra renal capsules of the sheep, ox and pig. The active principle exists only in the medulla of the gland. It may be given in tablets. - Dose, ...

Brain Extract: (Not official) The gray matter of a sheep's brain is sterilized, macerated in aseptic glycerin and filtered by the method of D' Arsonval, being sterilized under carbon dioxide gas of a pressure of th...

Testicular Juice: Testicular Juice (Not official) is prepared in the same way as brain extract. Dose, 10 to 20 m.; .60 to 1.20 c.c., hypodermatically. Uses of Testicular Juice. Brown-Sequard believed that certain or...

Group IX. The Antitoxins And Serums: The Antitoxins and Serums. Diphtheria and Tetanus Antitoxins, Antistreptococcic, Antipneumococcic, and Antivenomous Serums, Plague, Cholera and Typhoid Serums and Inoculations, Nutrient Serum, and Hyd...

Diphtheria Antitoxin: Diphtheria Antitoxin. - Not official. - When the bacillus of diphtheria grows in the body it produces toxins, albumoses, and an organic acid, and provokes the formation of a substance (called an antit...

Diphtheria Antitoxin. Continued: Action And Therapeutics Of Diphtheria Antitoxin Antitoxin serum diminishes all the symptoms of diphtheria, and in particular it greatly lessens the liability to sudden heart failure. If the diphtheri...

Tetanus Antitoxin: Tetanus Antitoxin. - Not official. - This is prepared on the same principles as diphtheria antitoxin, and is administered in the same way or directly into the brain. No marked success has attended its...

Antistreptococcic Serum: Antistreptococcic Serum. - (Not official.) Streptococci do not cause the diseases due to them by developing a toxin which circulates in the blood, but by being themselves carried all over the body, wh...

Antipneumococcic, And Antivenomous Serums, Plague, Cholera And Typhoid Serums And Inoculations, Nutrient Serum: Antipneumococcic Serum. - (Not official.) This is prepared in the same way as antistreptococcic serum, and like it is antibactericidal, not antitoxic. It has been used for diseases due to the pneumoco...

Hydrophobia Antidote: Hydrophobia Antidote. - Although this is not an antitoxin nor a serum it is conveniently considered here. A rabbit is inoculated from the spinal cord of an animal dead of hydrophobia, other rabbits ar...

Appendix I. The Pharmacopoeial Vegetable Drugs Arranged According To Their Natural Orders: Nat. Order. Nam of Plant. Part of Plant. Name of Drug. Ranunculaceae..... Aconitum Napellus Tuber Aconite. Anemone Pulsatilla Herb Pulsa...

Appendix II. The Pharmacopoeial Animal Drugs Arranged According To Their Natural Orders: Vertebrata. Class. Nat. Order. Name Op Animal. Part Of Animal. Name Of Drug Mammalia Ruminantia Moschus moschiferus Dried secretion from prep...

Appendix III. A List Of Latin Phrases Commonly Used In The Writing Of Prescriptions: ML Ana of each. Ad. Adde add. Adhib. Adhibendus to be administered. Admov. Admove apply. Ad lib. Ad libitum ...

Notices of the Press of Previous American Editions: From the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal. - This book is a model of its kind. It gives a concise and thorough review of the subject of materia medica, just such an one as should be of most use to ...

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Materia Medica, Pharmacy, Pharmacology And Therapeutics | by W. Hale White

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