Henley's Twentieth Century Formulas Recipes Processes Vol3

Impregnation of Papers with Zapon Varnish

For the protection of important papers against the destructive influences of the atmosphere, of water fungi, and ...

Slate Parchment

Soak good paper with linseed-oil varnish (boiled oil) and apply the following mass, mentioned below, ...

Metallic Paper

This paper, made by transferring, pasting, or painting a coating of metal on ordinary ...

Paraffine

Rendering Paraffine Transparent A process for rendering paraffine and its mixtures with other bodies ...

Passe-Partout Framing

It is hardly correct to call the passe-partout a frame, as it is merely a binding together of the print, the glass,...

Razor Pastes

I From jewelers' rouge, plumbago, and suet, equal parts, melted together and stirred until ...

Perfumes

Dry Perfumes: Sachet Powders I Orris root......... 6 ounces ...

Smelling Salts

I Fill small glasses having ground stopper with pieces of sponge free from sand and saturate with a mixture of ...

Violet Smelling Salts

I Moisten coarsely powdered ammonia carbonate, contained in a suitable bottle, with a mixture of ...

To Scent Advertising Matter, etc.

The simplest way of perfuming printed matter, such as calendars, cards, etc., is to stick them in strongly odorous sachet powder. Although the effect of a strong perfume is obtained thereby, there ...

Coloring Liquid Perfumes

Chlorophyll is a suitable agent for coloring liquid perfumes green. Care must be taken to ...

Fixing Agents in Perfumes

The secret of making perfumery lies mainly in the choice of the fixing agentsi. e., those ...

General Directions for Making Perfumes

It is absolutely essential for obtaining the best results to see that all vessels are perfectly clean. Always employ ...

Tinctures for Perfumes

a. Ambergris, 1 part; alcohol, 96 per cent, 15 parts. b. Benzoin, ...

Bay Rum

Bay rum, or more properly bay spirit, may be made from the oil with weak ...

Colognes

In making cologne water, the alcohol used should be that obtained from the distillation of ...

Cologne Spirits or Deodorized Alcohol

This is used in all toilet preparations and perfumes. It is made thus: ...

Lavender Water

This, the most famous of all the perfumed waters, was originally a distillate from a mixture of spirit and ...

Liquid Perfumes For The Handkerchief, Person, Etc.

Acacia Extract French acacia...... 400 parts Tincture of amber (l ...

Navy Bouquet

Spirit of sandalwood.. 10 ounce s Extract of patchouli. . 10 ounces ...

Handkerchief Perfumes

I Lavender oil...... 10 parts Neroli oil......... 10 parts Bitter ...

Marechal Niel Rose

In the genus of roses, outside of the hundred-leaved or cabbage rose, the Maréchal Niel rose (Rosa Noisetteana ...

Artificial Violet

Ionone is an artificial perfume which smells exactly like fresh violets, and is therefore an extremely important product. Although before it was discovered compositions were known which gave fair ...

Double Extract

By weight Cassia extract, 2d pomade........ 100 parts Violet extract, 2d pomade........ 150 parts Jasmine extract, 2d pomade..... 100 parts ...

Toilet Waters

Toilet waters proper are perfumed liquids designed more especially as refreshing applications to the ...

Eau de Merveilleuse

Alcohol........... 3 quarts ...

Lilac Water

Terpineol.......... 2 drachms Heliotropin........ 8 grains Bergamot oil....... 1 drachm Neroli oil.......... &...

Perfumed Pastilles

These scent tablets consist of a compressed mixture of rice starch, magnesium carbonate, and powdered orris ...

Perfumes for Hair Oils

I -Heliotropin........ 8 grains Coumarin......... 1 grain Oil of orris......... 1 drop Oil of ...

Soap Perfumes

See also Soap. I Oil of lavender..... 0.5 ounce Oil of cassia............

The Preparation of Emulsions of Crude Petroleum

Kerosene has long been recognized as a most efficient insecticide, but its irritating action, as well as the very considerable ...

Petroleum for Spinning

In order to be able to wash out the petroleum or render it saponifiable, the following process is recommended: Heat the ...

Glow Pictures

These can be easily produced by drawing the outlines of a picture, writing, etc., on a piece of white paper with a solution of 40 parts of saltpeter and 20 parts of gum arabic in 40 parts of warm <...

Phosphate Substitute

An artificial phosphate is thus prepared: Melt in an oven a mixture of 100 parts of phosphorite, ground coarsely, 70 parts of acid sulphate of soda; 20 parts of carbonate of ...

Phosphorescent Mass

See also Luminous Bodies and Paints. Mix 2 parts of dehydrated sodium carbonate, 0.5 parts of sodium chloride, and 0.2 parts of manganic sulphate with 100 parts of strontium carbonate and ...

Phosphorus Substitute

G. Graveri recommends persul focyanic acid = H2(CN)aS3 as meeting all the requirements of phosphorus on matches. It resists shock and friction, it is readily friable, and will mix with other ...

Photography Developers And Developing Of Plates

No light is perfectly safe or non-actinic, even that coming through a combined ...

Pyro and Soda Developer

I Pure water......... 30 ounces Sulphite ...

Rodinal Developer

One part rodinal to 30 parts pure water. Use repeatedly, adding fresh as required.<...

Metol Developer

I Water............. 8 ounces Metol.............100 grains ...

Tolidol Developer

Standard formula for dry plates and films: Water......... &...

Pyrocatechin Developer (One Solution)

Dissolve in the following range: Sulphite of soda crystallized.......... 25....

Hauff's Adurol Developer

One solution. Water............. 10 ounces Sulphide of sodium, crystals......

Developing Powders

By weight I Pyrogallol......... 0.3 parts Sodium bisulphite .. 1.2 parts Sodium carbonate .. 1.2 parts II Eikonogen......... 1.1 ...

Developing Papers

Light The paper can be safely handled 8 feet from the source of light, which may be Welsbach ...

Pyrocatechin Formula

Solution A Pyrocatechin...... 2 parts Sulphite of ...

Platinum Papers: General Instructions

To secure the most brilliant results the sensitized paper, before, during, and after its ...

"Water Tone" Platinum Paper

Water tone platinum paper is very easily affected by moisture; it will, ...

The Glycerine Process

The glycerine process, or the process of developing platinotype prints by application of ...

The Carbon Process

The paper used is coated on one surface with a mixture of gelatin and some pigment (the color of which depends ...

Lantern Slides

The making of a good slide begins with the making of the negative, the operations in both cases being closely allied, and he who has mastered the first, which is the corner stone to all ...

Lantern Slides. Continued

As to time of exposure, very little can be said. That varies with the different makes of plates, with ...

Negatives: How To Utilize Waste Material

Undoubtedly spoiled negatives form the greatest waste. The uses to which a ruined negative may be put are manifold. Cut down to 3.25 inches square and the films cleaned off, they make excellent ...

Fixing And Clearing Photo Baths: The Acid Fixing and Clearing Bath

Add 2 ounces of S. P. C. clarifier (acid bisulphite of sodium) solution to 1 quart of hypo solution 1 in 5. Combined Alum and Hypo Bath Add saturated solution of sulphite of ...

Reducer for Gelatin Dry-Plate Negatives

I Saturated solution of ferricyanide of potassium ........... 1 part Hyposulphite of sodium solution (1 in 10) 10 parts II Perchloride of ...

Photo Paper-Sensitizing Processes

Blueprint Paper I The ordinary blue photographic print in which ...

How to Make Picture Postal Cards and Photographic Letter Heads

I Well-sized paper is employed. If the sizing should be insufficient, resizing can be done with a 10 per cent ...

A Simple Emulsion for Mat or Printing-Out Paper

One of the very best surfaces to work upon for coloring in water color is the carbon print....

How to Sensitize Photographic Printing Papers

I The older form of paper is one in which the chemicals are held by albumen. Silver is said to combine with this, forming an albuminate. Pictures printed on this would be too sharp in ...

Ferro-Prussiate Paper

The following aniline process of preparing sensitive paper is employed by the Prussian and Hessian railway administrations. ...

Pigment Paper for Immediate Use

Pigment paper is usually sensitized in the bichromate solution on the evening before it is desired for use. If it is not then used it will spoil. By proceeding as follows the paper may be used ...

Photographing on Silk

China silk is thoroughly and carefully washed to free it from dressing, and then immersed in ...

Toning Baths For Paper

The chief complaints made against separate baths are (1) the possibility of double tones, and (2) that the prints sometimes turn yellow and remain so. Such obstacles may easily be removed by ...

Toning Baths for Silver Bromide Paper

The picture, which has been exposed at a distance of 1.5 feet for about 8 to 10 seconds, is developed in the customary manner and fixed in an acid ...

Combined Toning And Fixing Baths

The combined toning and fixing bath consists essentially of five parts (1) ...

Photo Enlargements

The object of this table is to enable any manipulator who is about to enlarge (or reduce) a copy any given number of times to do so without troublesome calculation. It is assumed that the ...

Varnishes

Cold Varnish I Pyroxylin.......... 10 grains Amyl alcohol.....

Restoring Faded Photographs

I As a precaution against a disaster first copy the old print in the same size. Soak the faded photograph for several hours in clean ...

Faded Photographs Treatment: Mountants

See also Adhesives. I If buckling of the mount is to be cured, the prints must be mounted in a dry state, and the film of mountant borne by the print must be just sufficient to ...

Transparent Photographs

I The following mixture may be employed at 176 F., to render photographs transparent. It consists of 4 parts ...

The Gum - Bichromate Photo - Printing Process

Gum bichromate is not a universal printing method. It is not suited for all subjects or for all negatives, but where there is simplicity and breadth in sizes of 8.5 x 6.5 and upward, direct or ...

Photography: Comparative Exposures of Various Subjects

Seconds Open panorama, with fields and trees......................... 1 Snow, ice, ...

To Reduce Photographs

When one wishes to copy a drawing or photograph he is usually at a loss to know how high the plate will be when any particular base is selected. A plan which has the merit of being simple and ...

Color Photography: A Three-Color Process

Prepare 7 solutions, 4 of which are used for color screens, the remaining 3 serving as dyes for the plates. ...

Solution for Preparing Color Sensitive Plates

H. Vollenbruch maintains that plates sensitized with erythrosin silver citrate are not only more sensitive to color impressions, but also have better keeping qualities than ...

Microphotographs

The instruments used are an objective of very short focus and a small camera with a movable holder. This camera and the original negative to be reduced are fastened to the opposite ends of a long, ...

Photographs on Brooches

These may be produced by means of a paper (celuidin paper) whose upper layer after exposure by means ...

Flashlight Powders And Apparatus

Flash powders to be ignited by simply applying the flame of a match or laying on an oiled paper and igniting that, may be made by the following formulas: I ...

Intensifiers And Reducers

Intensifier (Mercuric) with Sodium Sulphite, for Gelatin Dry Plates Whiten the negative in the saturated solution of mercuric chloride, wash and -blacken with a solution of sulphite of ...

Renovating a Camera

The following formula should be applied to the mahogany of the camera by means of a soft rag, rubbing it ...

Exclusion of Air from Solutions

Water is free from air only when it has been maintained for several minutes in bubbling ...

Bottle Wax

Many ready-prepared solutions, such as developers and other preparations from which light has to be ...

Bleaching Photographic Prints White

To make a salt print, ink over it with waterproof ink, then bleach out white all but the black lines. ...

To Render Negatives Permanent

A fine negative, one that we would like to preserve, may be rendered permanent by placing it, after it has been fixed, in a 10 per cent solution of ...

Stripping Photograph Films

This is generally done by immersing the plate in formaldehyde solution until the film has become almost insoluble and impermeable. Then it is placed in a solution of sodium carbonate until the ...

Phosphorescent Photographs

The necessary chemicals belong to the class of phosphorescent bodies, among others, calcium sulphite, strontium sulphite, barium sulphide, calcareous spar, fluorspar. These placed in the ...

Printing Names on Photographs

The name or other matter to be printed on the photograph is set up in type, and printed on cardboard; from this make an ...

Spots on Photographic Plates

Spots on photographic plates may be caused by dust or by minute bubbles in the emulsion, ...

To Remove Pyro Stains from the Fingers

Make a strong solution of chlorinated lime; dip the fingers which are stained in ...

Nature, Source, and Manufacture of Pigments

A pigment is a dry earthy or clayey substance that, when mixed with oil, water, etc., ...

Mixing Oil Colors and Tints

It must not be expected that the formulas given will produce the exact effect desired, because the strength of the various brands of colors vary to a great extent, and therefore the painter must ...

Positive Oil Colors

Blue Twelve parts borate of lime; 6 parts oxide of zinc; 10 parts ...

Positive Oil Colors. Continued

Royal Blue, Dark Eighteen parts ultramarine blue and 2 parts Prussian blue. To lighten use as much white ...

Oil Colors: Red Tints

Cardinal Red Equal parts of white lead and scarlet lake. Carnation Red ...

Oil Colors: Green Tints

Apple Green Fifty parts white lead; 1 part chrome green, light or medium shade. ...

Oil Colors: Brown Tints

Chocolate Twenty-five parts white lead; 3 parts burnt umber. ...

Oil Colors: Gray Tints

Ash Gray Thirty parts white lead; 2 parts ultramarine blue; 1 part burnt ...

Testing Body Colors for Gritty Admixtures

The fineness of the powdered pigment is not a guarantee of the absence of gritty admixtures. The latter differ from the pigment proper in their specific gravity. If consisting of metallic oxides ...

To Determine the Covering Power of Pigments

To determine the covering power of white lead, or any other pigment, take equal ...

Pile Ointments

I Extract witch-hazel.......... 2 fluidounces Lanum.......... 2 ounces Petrolatum...... 6 ounces ...

Temperature of Water for Watering Plants

Experiments were made several years ago at the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station to determine whether cold ...

Plaster Formulas

(See also Gypsum.) Therapeutic Grouping of Medicinal Plasters The ...

Solution of Rubber in Fixed Solvent: Petrolatum and Incorporation with Lead Acetate

India rubber dissolves, though with difficulty, in petrolatum. The heat required to melt the rubber being comparatively high, usually considerably more than 212 F., as stated in the U. S. P., ...

Court Plaster or Sticking Plaster

I. Brush silk over with a solution of isinglass, in spirits or warm water, dry and ...

Coloring of Modeling Plaster

I If burnt gypsum is stirred up with water containing formaldehyde and with ...

Treatment of Fresh Plaster

Freshly plastered cement surfaces on walls may be treated as follows: The freshly ...

Hardening and Toughening Plaster of Paris

I Plaster of Paris at times sets too rapidly; therefore the following recipe for toughening and delaying drying will be useful. To calcined plaster of Paris add 4 per cent of its weight ...

Preservation of Plaster Casts

Upon complete drying, small objects are laid for a short while in celluloid varnish of 4 per cent, while large articles are painted with it, from the top downward, using a soft brush. Articles set ...

Plating Of Metal Surfaces

The plating of metal surfaces is accomplished in four different ways: (1) By oxidation, ...

Plating Of Metal Surfaces: Bronzing

Art Bronzes These are bronzes of different tints, showing a great variety according to the taste and ...

Bronzing of Gas Fixtures

Gas fixtures which have become dirty or tarnished from use may be improved in appearance by painting with ...

Bronzing Metals

I The following composition is recommended for bronzing metal objects exposed to the air: Mix ...

Plating Of Metal Surfaces: Coloring Of Metals

Direct Coloration of Iron and Steel by Cupric Selenite Iron precipitates copper and selenium from their ...

Production of Rainbow Colors on Metals (iron, copper, brass, zinc, etc.)— I

The following process of irisation is due to Puscher. It allows of covering the metals with a thick layer of metallic sulphide, similar to that met with in naturein galena, for example. ...

Coloration by Electrolysis

I Colored Rings by Electrolysis (Nobili, Becquerel).In order to obtain the Nobili rings it is necessary to concentrate the current coming from one of the poles of the battery ...

Coloring of Brass

I (a) Brown bronze: Acid solution of nitrate of silver and bismuth or nitric acid. (6) ...

Production of Rainbow Hues

Various colors.I.Dissolve tartrate of antimony and ...

Bronzing of Brass

The object is boiled with zinc grains and water saturated with ammoniacal chlorhydrate. A ...

Plating of Aluminum

The light metal may be plated with almost any other metal, but copper is most commonly employed. Two ...

Coppering of Aluminum

I This is the Dessolle process for the galvanic application of copper. The special advantage claimed is that strong currents can be used, and a deposit obtained of 0.004 inch in 11 hours....

Cobaltizing of Metals

Following are various processes for cobaltizing on copper or other metals previously coppered: I.Cobalt, 50 parts, by weight; sal ammoniac, 25 parts; liquid ...

Replating with Battery

It is well known to electro-metallurgists that metals deposited by electricity do not adhere so firmly to their kind as to other metals. Thus gold will adhere more tenaciously to silver, copper, ...

Silver Plating

The term silver deposit designates a coating of silver which is deposited upon glass, porcelain, china, or other ...

Steel Plating

The following is a solution for dipping steel articles before electroplating:...

Tin Plating by Electric Bath

Most solutions give a dead-white film of tin, and this has to be brightened by friction of some sort, either by scratch brushing, burnishing, polishing, or rubbing with whiting. The bright tin ...

Plating Of Metal Surfaces: Gilding And Gold Plating

Genuine gilding readily takes up mercury, while imitation gilding does not or only very slowly. Any coating of varnish present should, however, be removed before conducting the test. Mercurous ...

Aluminum Gilding

I Dissolve 6 parts of gold in aqua regia and dilute the I solution with ...

Amalgam Gold Plating

Gold amalgam is chiefly used as a plating for silver, copper, ...

Brass Gilding

On brass, which is an electropositive metal, an electromagnetic metal, such as gold, can be deposited very cheaply ...

Copper and Brass Gilding

The solutions used to gild copper can be generally used also for brass articles. Copper gilding acquires ...

Cold Chemical Gilding

The chemical gilding by the wet process is accomelished by E. E. Stahl with the aid of three baths: A gold bath, a neutralization bath, and a reduction bath. The gold bath is prepared from pure ...

Colored Gilding

A variety of shades of green and red gold can be obtained by the electro-chemical process, which method may be employed for the decoration of various objects of art. In order to produce red gold ...

Gilding of Glass

I In order to produce a good gilding on glass, the gold salt employed must be free from acid. Prepare ...

Green Gilding

This can be obtained conveniently by the galvanic process, by means of anodes of sheet platinum with the following composition: ...

Incrusting with Gold

The article is first made perfectly bright, and those places which are to be gilt are covered with a matt consisting of white ...

Ivory Gilding

I The pattern is painted with a fine camel's-hair pencil, moistened with gold chloride. Hold the ivory ...

Mat Gilding

To obtain a handsome mat gilding the article, after having been neatly polished, is passed through a sand-...

Dead-Gilding of an Alloy of Copper and Zinc

The parts which are to be deadened must be isolated from those which are to be polished, and also from those which are to be concealed, and which therefore are not to be gilded. For this purpose ...

Powder for Gilding Metals

I In a solution of perchloride of gold soak small pieces of linen which are dried over the solution so that the drops falling therefrom are saved. When the rags are dry burn them, ...

Regilding Mat Articles

In order to regenerate dead gold trinkets without having to color them againwhich is, as a rule, impossible, because the gold is too weak to stand a second coloringit is advisable to ...

Wood Gilding

I. The moldings, ledges, etc., to be gilded are painted with a strong solution of joiners' glue, which is left to harden well, whereupon 8 to 10 coatings of glue mixed with whitening are ...

Plating Of Metal Surfaces: Oxidizing Processes

Aluminum Plating I To plate iron and other metals with pure aluminum, deoxidize the pieces with ...

Brassing

I To brass small articles of iron or steel drop them into a quart ...

Green or Gold Color for Brass

French articles of brass, both cast and made of sheet brass, mostly exhibit a golden color, which is produced by a ...

Nickeling by Oxidation

I Nickeling may be performed on all metals cold, by means of nickelene by the Mitressey process, without employing electrical apparatus, and any desired thickness deposited. It is said ...

Pickling Solutions

Oxidized copper, brass, and German silver articles must be cleansed by acid solutions. In the case of brass ...

Metal Browning by Oxidation

The article ought first to be cleaned with either nitric acid or muriatic acid, then immersed in an acid affecting the metal and dried in a warm place. A ...

Silvering by Oxidation

The oxidizing of silver darkens it, and gives an antique appearance that is highly prized. I The salts of silver are colorless when the acids, the elements of which enter into ...

Oxidized Steel

I Mix together bismuth chloride, 1 part; mercury bichloride, 2 parts; copper chloride, 1 part; hydrochloric acid, 6 parts; ...

Plating Of Metal Surfaces: Patina Oxidizing Processes

Patina of Art Bronzes For all patinas, whether the ordinary brown of ...

Patina Oxidizing Processes. Continued

Green Patina Upon Copper To produce a green patina upon copper take ...

Plating Of Metal Surfaces: Platinizing

Platinizing Aluminum Aluminum vessels coated with a layer of platinum are recommended in place of platinum vessels, when not exposed to very high temperatures. The process of platinizing ...

Plating Of Metal Surfaces: Silvering, Silver-Plating, And Desilvering

See also Silvering by Oxidation, under Oxidation Processes, under Plating. Antique SilverThere ...

Silvering, Silver-Plating, And Desilvering. Continued

To Silver-Plate Metals I Nitrate of silver, 30 parts, by weight; caustic ...

Plating Of Metal Surfaces: Tin Silver-Plating

Prepare a solution of 3 parts, by weight, of bismuth subnitrate in 10 parts of nitric acid of 1.4 specific gravity, to which add a solution of 10 parts of tartar and 40 parts of hydrochloric acid ...

Plating Of Metal Surfaces: Various Recipes

To Ascertain whether an Article is Nickeled, Tinned, or Silvered When necessary to ascertain quickly and accurately the nature of the white metal covering an object, the following ...

To Make Plush Adhere to Metal

Wash off with ordinary soda water the bottom of a tin box, wiping it dry with cloth. Coat ...

Polishes for Aluminum

I. M. Mouray recommends the use of an emulsion of equal parts of rum and olive ...

Polishes For Brass, Bronze, Copper, Etc.

Objects of polished copper, bronze, brass, and other alloys of copper tarnish through ...

Polishes For Floors

I Throw a handful of permanganate potash crystals ...

Colored Floor Polishes

Yellow: Caustic soda solution, 7.5 parts, mixed with 1.5 to 2 parts of ...

Polishes For Furniture

First make a paste to fill cracks as follows: Whiting, plaster of Paris, pumice stone, litharge, equal ...

Polishes for Glass

I Mix calcined magnesia with purified benzine to a semiliquid paste. Rub the ...

Polishes for Ivory, Bone, etc

I First rub with a piece of linen soaked with a paste made of Armenian bole and oleic acid. Wash with Marseilles soap, dry, rub with a chamois skin, and finally render it bright with an ...

Marble Polishing

Polishing includes five operations. Smoothing the roughness left on the surface is done by rubbing the marble with a piece of moist sandstone; for moldings either wooden or ...

Polishing Powders

Polishing powders are advantageously prepared according to the following recipes: I ...

Liquid Polishes

I Malt vinegar....... 4 gallons Lemon juice....... ...

Polishing Soaps

I Powdered pipe clay 112 pounds Tallow soap....... 16 pounds ...

Metal Polishes: Polishing Pastes

I White petroleum jelly............ 90 pounds Kieselguhr......... 30 ...

Non-Explosive Liquid Metal Polish

Although in a liquid form, it does not necessarily follow that a liquid polish is less economical than ...

Miscellaneous Metal Polishes

I Articles of polished copper, such as clocks, stove ornaments, etc., become tarnished very quickly. To restore their brilliancy dip a brush in strong ...

Polishes for Pianos

I Alcohol, 95 per cent.. 300 parts Benzol.............. ...

Polishes for Silverware

The best polish for silverwarethat is, the polish that, while it cleans, does not too rapidly abrade the surfaceis levigated chalk, either alone or with some vegetable acid, like ...

Polishes For Steel And Iron

The polishing of steel must always be preceded by a thorough smoothing, ...

Stove Polish

The following makes an excellent graphite polish: I Ceresine........... 12 parts Japan wax........ 10 parts Turpentine oil..... 100 parts Lampblack, ...

Polishes For Wood

See also Polishes for Furniture, Floors and Pianos. In the usual method of French ...

Hard Wood Polish

In finishing hard wood with a wax polish the wood is first coated with a filler, which is omitted in the case of soft wood. The filler is made from some hard substance, very finely ...

Miscellaneous Polishing Agents

Polishing Agent which may also be used for Gilding and Silvering The following mediums hitherto ...

Miscellaneous Polishing Agents. Continued

To Polish Paintings on Wood According to the statements of able cabinet makers who frequently had occasion to cover decorations on wood, especially aquarelle painting, with a polish, a ...

Porcelain Formulas

See also Ceramics. Mending Porcelain by Riveting (see Adhesives for methods of mending Porcelain by means of ...

Preservatives

(See also Foods.) Preservative Fluid for Museums Formaldehyde solution............. 6 parts Glycerine.......... 12 parts ...

Preserving: Canning

There should be no trouble in having canned fruit keep well if perfect or chemical cleanliness is observed in regard to jars, lids, etc., and if the fruit or vegetables are in good ...

Canning without Sugar

I In order to preserve the juices of fruit merely by sterilization, put the juice into the bottles in ...

Crushed Fruit Preserving

Crushed Pineapples Secure a good brand of canned grated pineapple and drain off about one-half of the liquor by placing on a strainer. Add to each pound of pineapple 1 pound of ...

Fruit Preserving

Express the juice and filter at once, through two thicknesses of best white Swedish paper, into a container that has been sterilized immediately before letting the juice run into it, by ...

Raspberry Juice

A dark juice is obtained by adding to the crushed raspberries, before the fermentation, slight quantities of sugar in layers. The ethyl-...

Strawberries Preserving

Carefully remove the stems and calyxes, place the strawberries on a sieve, and move the latter about in a tub of ...

Hydrogen Peroxide as a Preservative

Hydrogen peroxide is one of the best, least harmful, and most convenient agents for preserving syrups, wine, beer,...

Powdered Cork as a Preservative

Tests have shown that powdered cork is very efficacious for packing and preserving fruits and vegetables. A bed of cork is placed at the bottom of the case, and the fruits or vegetables and the ...

Pumice Stone

While emery is used for polishing tools, polishing sand for stones and ...

Putty

(See also Lutes, under Adhesives and Cements.) Common ...

Putty. Continued

To Soften Glaziers' Putty I Glaziers' putty which has become hard can be softened with the ...

Pyrotechnics: Fireworks

The chief chemical process is, of course, oxidation. Oxidation may be produced by the atmosphere, but in many cases this is not enough, and then the pyrotechnist must employ his knowledge of ...

Pyrotechnics: Rockets

First and foremost among atmospheric fireworks are rockets, made in different sizes, each requiring a slightly different percentage composition. A good formula is Sulphur............ 1 ...

Pyrotechnics: Colored Fires

The compounds should be ignited in a small pill box resting on a plate. All the ingredients must be dried and powdered separately, and then lightly mixed on a sheet of paper. Always bear in mind ...

Pyrotechnic Magic

Caution When about to place any lighted material in the mouth be sure that the mouth is well coated with saliva, and that you are exhaling the breath continuously, with greater or less ...

Pyrotechnic Magic. Part 2

Demon Bowls of Fire The performer has three 6.5-inch brass bowls on a table, and openly pours ordinary ...

Pyrotechnic Magic. Part 3

To Eat Burning Coals In the first place make a good charcoal fire in the furnace. Just before commencing the act throw in three or four pieces of soft pine. When burnt to a coal one ...

Rat Poisons

(See also Turpentine.) Poisons for rats may be divided into two classes, quick and slow. Potassium cyanide and strychnine belong to the first, and phosphorus and arsenic to the second. ...

Squill Poisons

The preparation of the squill as a rat poison can be effected in several different ways. Usually, after ...

Phosphorus Poisons

Next to the squill in value as a poison comes phosphorus in the shape of an electuary, or in pills. For readily preparing the electuary, when needed or ordered, it is a good plan to keep on hand ...

Arsenical Poisons

The following are some of the formulas given by Hager for preparing globules, or pills, of arsenic: I Arsenic, white, powdered...........100 parts Soot from the kitchen....

Strychnine Poisons

The strychnine preparations are also valuable in the destruction of rats and mice. The first of these in point of usefulness is strychnine-wheat, or strychnine-oats Strychninweizen or ...

Razor Paste Formulas

See also Pastes. The ...

Refrigerants

I Potassium nitrate... 2 pounds Ammonium chloride 2 pounds ...

Home-Made Refrigerators

I Partly fill with water a shallow granite-ware pan. Place it in an open, shady ...

Roller Compositions For Printers

Rollers for transferring ink to types have to possess special properties, which have ...

Ropes

To protect ropes, cordage, and cloths made of flax and hemp against rot, it has been recommended to leave them for ...

Remedies for Dry Rot

A good remedy for dry rot is petroleum. The sick parts of the wood are painted with it, which ...

Rouge For Buff Wheels

The rouge employed by machinists, watchmakers, and jewelers, is obtained by directly subjecting ...

Artificial Rubber

Austin G. Day tried hundreds of experiments and took out many patents for rubber substitutes. He was in a measure successful, his Kerite compound proving of great value and being a ...

Artificial Rubber. Continued

Another line of experimenting that is interesting, and that will yet produce good results, although so far it has not amounted to much, is in the use of cellulose. A very simple formula is of ...

Rubber and Rubber Articles

As regards the action of coal gas on rubber tubes, it has been observed that it is weakest on ...

Repairing Rubber Goods

First, clean off all adherent mafter, and dry thoroughly. Varnish or lacquer, as for instance on rubber shoes, may be removed with sand or ...

Softening Rubber

The hardening of gum articles is generally referable to these having been kept for a long time in some warm, dry place, though keeping them in the cold will produce the same effect. Hardness and ...

Treatment and Utilization of Rubber Scraps

The scraps, assorted according to their composition, are first cleaned by boiling to remove the adhering dirt, absorbed and adhering acids, salts, etc., as well as to eliminate the free sulphur. ...

Rubber Vulcanization

Besides the Goodyear, Mason, and other patented processes, the process now usually followed in vulcanizing ...

Rubber Stamps

Set up the desired name and address in common type, oil the type and place a guard about 0.5 inch high around the form. Mix plaster of Paris to the proper consistence, pour in and allow it to set. ...

Rust Preventives

(See also Enamels, Glazes, Paints, Varnishes, Waterproofing.) In spite of the numerous endeavors to ...

Rust Preventives. Continued

Emaille de fer contre-oxide is the name of an enamel which is said to protect iron pipes cheaply. The ...

Black Sheet Rust Preventive

Before black plate is ready to receive a rust protective coating, it is necessary to render the surface free from grease and scales, for which purpose the sheet ...

Magnetic Oxide

A layer of magnetic oxide is a good preservative from rust. To obtain it the objects are placed in the ...

Rust Paper

Rust paper is produced by coating strong packing paper with linseed-oil varnish, size, or any other binder, ...

Effervescent Salts

Granulated effervescent salts are produced by heating mixtures of powdered citric acid, tartaric acid,...

Basis for Effervescent Salts

Sodium bicarbonate, dried and powdered 53 parts Tartaric acid, dried and powdered..... 28 parts Citric acid, uneffloresced crystals...... 18 parts Powder the citric acid ...

Effervescent Powder Formulas

Magnesian Lemonade Powder Fine white sugar..... 2 pounds Magnesium carbonate 6 ...

Smelling Salts Formulas

I Moisten coarsely powdered ammonium carbonate with a mixture of Strong tincture of orris root........... 2.5 ounces Extract of violet..... 3 drachms ...

Sand Formulas

Colored Sand Sift fine white sand from the coarser particles and color it as follows: I Blue.Boil 106 parts of sand and 4 of Berlin blue with a small quantity ...

Sarsaparilla

Each fluidounce of Ayer's sarsaparilla represents ...

To Prevent Screws from Rusting and Becoming Fast

Screws will sometimes rust in their seats, even when carefully oiled before driving them to their seats, but if they are anointed with a mixture of graphite and soft tallow they will remain ...

Sea Sickness Prevention

I To prevent sea sickness, take 2 or 3 grams of potassium bromide dissolved in plain or carbonated ...

Pharaoh's Serpents

An old form consisted of pellets of a very poisonous mercurial compound which gave off dangerous fumes when heated. ...

Shaving Paste

An emulsion of paraffine wax, melting at 131 F., should be used. This is prepared with 25 per cent of wax ...

Shellac

See Varnishes. Shellac Bleaching In bleaching, ...

Shims In Engine Brasses

In taking up the wear of engine brasses on wrist pin or crosshead pin when the key is driven clear down, back out the key and instead of putting in sheet-...

Shoe Dressings

(See also Leather.) Acid-Free Blacking Lampblack...... 27-36 parts Bone black.......

Shoe Dressings. Continued

Boot-Top Liquid Solution of muriate of tin............... 3 drachms French chalk (in powder) .............. 1 ounce Salt of sorrel........ &...

Liquid Shoe Blackings

The following formulas make a product of excellent quality: I Ivory black....... 120 ...

Patent-Leather Polish

Yellow wax or ceresine 3 ounces Spermaceti.......... 1 ounce Oil of turpentine..... 11 ounces Asphaltum varnish.. . 1 ounce ...

Preservatives for Shoe Soles

I This preparation, destined for impregnating leather shoe soles, is produced as follows: Grind ...

Tan And Russet Shoe Polishes: To Renovate and Brighten Russet and Yellow Shoes

First, clean off all dirt and dust with a good stiff brush, then with a sponge dipped in benzine go over the ...

Paste Dressings for Russet Shoes

The paste dressings used on russet leather consist of mixtures of wax with oil and other ...

Waterproof Shoe Dressings

I Caoutchouc....... 10 parts Petroleum........ 10 parts Carbon disulphide. 10 parts ...

Waterproof Varnish for Beach Shoes

Yellow Water............. 150 parts ...

White Shoe Dressing

I Cream of tartar..... 3 ounces ...

Show Cases

Dents in show cases and counters, and, indeed, almost all forms of bruises on shop and other ...

Siccatives

The oldest drier is probably litharge, a reddish-yellow powder, consisting of lead and ...

Testing Siccatives

Since it was discovered that the lead and manganese compounds of rosin acids ...

To Remove Black Letters from White Enameled Signs

It frequently happens that a change has to be made on such signs, one name having to be taken off and another substituted. Priming with white ...

Silk Formulas

Artificial Rubbered Silk A solution of caoutchouc or similar gum in acetone is added, in any desired proportion, to a solution of nitro-cellulose in acetone, and the mixture ...

Silver Formulas

Antique Silver (see also Plating) Coat the polished silver articles with a thin paste of powdered graphite, 6 parts; powdered bloodstone, 1 part; and oil of turpentine. After the drying ...

Frosting Polished Silver

Articles of polished silver may be frosted by putting them into a bath of nitric acid diluted with an equal volume of distilled ...

Ornamental Designs on Silver

Select a smooth part of the silver, and sketch on it a monogram or any other design with a sharp ...

Silver Testing

For this purpose a cold saturated solution of potassium bichromate in pure nitric acid of 1.2 specific gravity is employed. After the article to be tested has been treated with ...

Artificial Slate

The artificial slate coating on tin consists of a mixture of finely ground slate, lampblack, and a ...

Snake Bites

About 25 years ago, Dr. S. Weir Mitchell and Dr. Reichert published results of their investigations of snake venom which indicated that permanganate of potassium may prove of material value as an ...

Soaps

(See also Cleaning Compounds and Polishes.) Antiseptic Soap I ...

Coloring Soap

The first point to be observed is to select the proper shade of flower corresponding with the perfume used, for instance, an almond soap is left white; ...

Garment-Cleaning Soap

The following is excellent: I White soap, rasped or shaved........ 12 parts Ammonia ...

Glycerine Soaps

Dr. Sarg's liquid glycerine soap consists of 334 parts of ...

Iodine Soaps

In British hospitals, preference is given to oleic acid over alcoholic preparations for iodine soaps, as ...

Liquid Soaps

Liquid soaps, or, as they are sometimes called, soap essences, are made from pure olive-oil soap by ...

Medicated Soaps

First make up a suitable soap body and afterwards add the medicament. For instance, carbolic soaps may be made as ...

Liquid Tar Soap

Mix 200 parts of tar with 400 parts of oleic acid, warm lightly and filter. In this way the aqueous content produces no trouble. Now warm the filtrate on the ...

Massage Soaps

I An excellent recipe for a massage soap is: Special cocoanut oil ground soap, 2,500 ...

Metallic Soaps

Metallic soaps are obtained by means of double decomposition. First a soap solution is produced which is ...

Petroleum Soap

I Beeswax, refined. .. 4 parts Alcohol........... 5 parts ...

Perfumes for Soap

From 1 to 2 ounces of the following mixtures are to be used to 10 pounds of soap: I Oil of rose<...

Pumice-Stone Soaps

These soaps are always produced by the cold process, either ...

Shaving Soaps

I Palm oil soap....... 5 pounds Oil of cinnamon. . .. 10 drachms Oil ...

Soap Powders

The raw materials of which soap powder is made are soap and soda, to which ...

Soap Powders. Continued

The best filling material to be employed when it is desired to produce a cheaper article is talcum, and in most cases this is preferred to water ...

Toilet Soaps

The question as to the qualities of toilet soaps has a high therapeutical significance. Impurity of complexion and ...

Recipes For Cold-Stirred Toilet Soaps

Parts by weight I Cocoanut oil............ 30 ...

Soft Toilet Soaps

Soft toilet soaps or creams may be prepared from fresh lard with a small addition of cocoanut oil and ...

Transparent Soaps

The mode of production is the same for all. The fats are melted together, sifted into a double boiler, and the lye ...

Miscellaneous Soap Formulas

Szegedin Soap Tallow, 120 parts; palm kernel oil, 80 parts. Saponify well with about 200 parts of lye of 24 Bé. and add, with constant stirring, the following fillings in rotation, ...

Miscellaneous Soap Formulas. Part 2

Soap Substitutes I Linseed oil......... 28 pounds Sulphur...........

Miscellaneous Soap Formulas. Part 3

Sand Soap Cocoa oil, 24 parts; soda lye, 38 Be., 12 parts; ...

Soap-Bubble Liquids

I White hard soap.. . 25 parts Glycerine......... 15 parts ...

Soldering Of Metals And The Preparation Of Solders

The object of soldering is to unite two portions of the same metal or of different metals by means of a more fusible metal or metallic alloy, applied when melted, and known by the name of solder. ...

Soldering of Metallic Articles

In a recently invented process the parts to be united are covered, on the surfaces not to be soldered, with a protective mass, which prevents an immediate contact of the solder with the surfaces ...

Soldering Acid

A very satisfactory soldering acid may be made by the use of the ordinary ...

Aluminum Solders

To solder aluminum it is necessary previously to tin the parts to be soldered. This tinning is done with the iron, ...

Brass Solders

Brass solder consists of brass fusible at a low temperature, and is made by melting together copper and zinc, the ...

Yellow Hard Solders

Applebaum's Compositions I Copper....... 58 parts Zinc......... 42 parts II Sheet ...

Copper Solders

The copper solders which are used for soldering copper as well ...

Fats For Soldering

I Soldering fat or grease is commonly a mixture of rosin and tallow with the addition of a small quantity of sal ammoniac. It is particularly adapted to the soldering of tinned ware, ...

Fluids For Soldering

I To the ordinary zinc chloride, prepared by digesting chips of zinc in ...

Fluxes For Soldering

The fluxes generally used in the soft-soldering of metals are powdered rosin or a ...

Gas Soldering

The soldering of small metallic articles where the production is a wholesale one, is almost exclusively done by the use of gas, a pointed flame being produced by air pressure. The air pressure is ...

German-Silver Solders

Because of its peculiar composition German-silver solder is related to the ordinary hard solders. Just as ...

Hard Solder for Gold

The hard solder or gold solder which the jeweler frequently requires for the execution of various ...

Solders For Glass

I Melt tin, and add to the melted mass enough copper, with constant stirring, until the melted metal consists of 95 per cent of tin and 5 per cent of copper. In order to render the ...

Hard Solders

Hard solders are distinguished as brass, German silver, copper, gold, silver, etc., according to the ...

Silver Solders

Silver solder is cast in the form of ingots, which are hammered or rolled into thin sheets. From these small chips or links, as they are called, are cut off. The melted solder can also ...

Silver Solders for Soldering Iron, Steel, Cast Iron, and Copper

I Silver............ 10 parts Brass............ 10 parts II Silver............

Soft Silver Solders

I A soft silver solder for resoldering parts already soldered is made of silver, 3 parts; copper, 2 parts, and zinc, 1 part. II Silver, 1 part, and ...

Solder for Silver-Plated Work

I Fine silver, 2 parts; bronze, 1 part. II Silver, 68 parts; copper, 24 parts;...

Steel Soldering

Dissolve scraps of cast steel in as small a quantity as possible of nitric ...

Platinum Solders

There are many platinum solders in existence, but the main principle to be borne in mind in jewelry ...

Various Recipes For Soldering

To Conceal Soldering Visible soldering may be obviated by the following methods: For copper goods a concentrated solution of blue vitriol is prepared and applied to the places by means ...

Various Recipes For Soldering. Continued

Soldering a Ring Containing a Jewel I Fill a small crucible with wet sand and bury the part with the jewel in the sand. Now solder with ...

Spirit

INDUSTRIAL AND POTABLE ALCOHOL: SOURCES AND MANUFACTURE. Abstract of a Farmers' ...

Extracts and Essences of Spices and Fruits

Extract of Tea It has been proposed to make an aqueous extract of the tea leaf, but the loss of flavor inevitably incident thereto would undoubtedly give an inferior beverage. From China ...

Sponges

Bleaching Sponges I Soak in dilute hydrochloric acid to remove the ...

Stamping

(See also Dyes.) Stamping Colors for Use with Rubber Stamps Blue: 0.3 parts of ...

Starches

Black Starch Add to the starch a certain amount of logwood extract be- fore the starch mixture is boiled. The quantity varies according to the depth of the black and the amount ...

Annealing Steel

See also Hardening Steel and Tempering Steel. This work requires the use of substances which ...

Coloring Steel

Black I Oil or wax may be employed on hard steel tools; ...

To Temper Small Coil Springs and Tools

To temper small coil springs in a furnace burning wood the springs are exposed to the heat of the flame and are quenched in a composition of the following ...

Tempering Steel

To Case harden Locally In case-hardening certain articles it is sometimes necessary, or desirable, to leave spots or sections in the original soft uncarbonized condition while the ...

Tempering Steel. Part 2

To Temper a Tap After the tap has been cut and finished heat it in a pair of tongs to a blood-red heat over a charcoal fire or the blue flame of a Bunsen burner or blow pipe, turning it ...

Various Steel Recipes

To Put an Edge on Steel Tolls Aluminum will put an' edge on fine cutting instruments such as surgical knives, razors, etc. It acts exactly like a razor-hone of the finest quality. When ...

Various Steel Recipes. Continued

Softening Steel Heat the steel to a brown red and plunge into soft water, river <...

Stereochromy

Stereochromatic colors can be bought ground in a thickly liquid water-glass solution. They are only diluted with ...

Manufacturing Artificial Stones

The following is a process of manufacture in which the alkaline silicates prepared industrially are employed. The function of the alkaline silicates, or soluble ...

Making Sand-Lime Bricks

In a French patent for making bricks from pitch and coal tar, powdered coke and sea sand are gently heated in a suitable vessel, and 20 per cent of pitch and 10 per cent of coal tar added, with ...

Making Concrete

Concrete is the name applied to an artificial combination of various mineral substances which under chemical action become incorporated into a solid mass. There are one or two compositions of ...

Concrete Voids

The strength of concrete depends greatly upon its density, and this is secured by using coarse material which contains the smallest amount of voids or empty spaces. Different kinds of sand gravel,...

Materials for Concrete Building Blocks

In the making of building blocks the spaces to be filled with concrete are generally too narrow to permit the use of very coarse material, and the block-maker is limited to gravel or stone not ...

Proportions for Concrete Building Blocks

There are three important considerations to be kept in view in adjusting the proportions of materials for block concrete-strength, permeability, and ...

Proportion of Water for Concrete Building Blocks

This is a matter of the utmost consequence, and has more effect on the quality of the work than is generally supposed. Blocks made from too dry concrete will always remain soft and weak, no matter ...

Concrete Building: Facing

Some blockmakers put on a facing of richer and finer mixture, making the body of the block of poorer and coarser material. As will be explained later, the advantage of the practice is, in most ...

Concrete Mixers

Hand mixing is always imperfect, laborious, and slow and it is impossible by this method to ...

Block Machines

There are many good machines on the market, most of which are of the same general type, and differ only in mechanical details. They may be divided into two classes: those with vertical and those ...

Tamping of Concrete Blocks

This is generally done by means of hand rammers. Pneumatic tampers, operated by an air compressor, are in use at a few plants, apparently with considerable saving in time and labor and ...

Properties of Concrete Blocks — Strength

In the use of concrete blocks for the walls of buildings, the stress to which they are subjected is almost entirely one of compression. In compressive strength well-made concrete does not differ ...

Concrete Blcoks Waterproof Qualities

The chief fault of concrete building blocks, as ordinarily made, is their tendency to absorb ...

General Hints on Concrete Blocks Waterproof Qualities

To obtain good water-resisting properties the first precaution is to make the concrete ...

Cost

Concrete blocks can be sold and laid up at a good profit at 25 cents per cubic foot of wall. Common red ...

Artificial Marbles

I The mass used by Beaumel consists of alum and heavy spar (barium sulphate) with addition of ...

Making Glass Stopper

I To make an anti-leak and lubricating mixture for plug-cocks use 2 parts of tried suet and 1 part of beeswax melted together; stir thoroughly, strain, and cool. II A ...

Stove Polish Formulas

See also Polishes. The following formula gives a liquid stove blacking: Graphite, ...

Styptics

Styptics are substances which arrest local bleeding. Creosote, tannic acid, alcohol, ...

Syrups

(See also Essences and Extracts.) The syrups should either be made from the best granulated sugar, ...

Preservation of Syrups

The preservation of syrups is purely a pharmaceutical question. They must be made right in order to keep right. ...

How to Make Simple Syrups

Hot Process Put 25 pounds granulated sugar in a large pail, or kettle, and pour on and stir hot ...

Colors For Syrups

Caramel Place 3 pounds of crushed sugar in a kettle with 1 pint of water, and ...

Alcohol Dilution Table

The following 'able gives the percentage, by weight, of alcohol of 95 per cent and of ...

Capacities of Common Utensils Table

For ordinary measuring purposes a wineglass may be said to hold 2 ounces. A ...

Cook's Table

Two teacupfuls (well heaped) of coffee and of sugar weigh 1 pound. Two teacupfuls (level) of granulated ...

Table of Drops

Used in estimating the amount of a flavoring extract necessary to flavor a gallon of syrup. Based on the assumption of 450 drops being equal to 1 ounce. One drop of extract to an ounce of ...

Fluid Measure

U. S. Standard, or Wine Measure.Sixty minims are equal to 1 fluidrachm. Eight fluidrachms are equal to 1 fluid-ounce. Sixteen fluidounces are equal to 1 pint. Two ...

Percentage Solutions

To prepare the following approximately correct solutions, dissolve the amount of medicament indicated in sufficient ...

Pressure Table

This table shows the amount of commercial sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and sodium bicarbonate necessary to produce a given pressure: 120 Pounds Pressure. ...

Syrup Table

The following table shows the amount of syrup obtained from 1. The addition of pounds of sugar to 1 gallon of ...

To Estimate Contents of a Circular Tank

The capacity of a circular tank may be determined by multiplying the diameter in inches by itself and by .7854 and by the length (or depth) in inches, which gives the capacity of the tank in ...

To Remove Broken Taps

First clean the hole by means of a small squirt gun filled with kerosene. All broken pieces of the tap can be removed with a pair of tweezers, which should be as large as possible. Then ...

Removal Of Tattoo Marks

Apply a highly concentrated tannin solution on the tattooed places and treat them with the tattooing needle as the tattooer does. Next vigorously rub the places with a lunar caustic stick and ...

To Whiten Discolored Teeth

Moisten the corner of a linen handkerchief with hydrogen peroxide, and with it rub the teeth, repeating the rubbing occasionally. Use some exceedingly finely pulverized infusorial earth, or pumice ...

Terra Cotta Substitute

A substance, under this name, designed to take the place of terra cotta and plaster of Paris in the manufacture of small ornamental objects, consists of Albumen............ 10 parts <...

Dressing for Sewing Thread

For colored thread: Irish moss, 3 pounds; gum arabic, 2.5 pounds; Japan wax, 0.5 pound; stearine, 185 grams; ...

Tinfoil

See also Metal Foil. By pouring tin from a funnel with a very long and narrow ...

Tires

Anti-Leak Rubber Tire Pneumatic tires can be made quite safe from punctures by using a liberal amount of ...

Tool Setting

The term setting (grinding) is applied to the operation of giving an edge to the tools designed for cutting, scraping, or sawing. Cutting tools are rubbed either on flat sandstones or ...

Toothache Remedies

TOOTHACHE GUMS: See also Pain Killers. I Paraffine......... 94 grains Burgundy ...

Transparencies

See also Photography. A good method of preparing handsome London ...

Transfer Processes

To Transfer Designs Designs can be transferred on painted surfaces, cloth, leather, velvet, oil cloth, and linen sharply and in all the details with little trouble. Take the original ...

Twine

See also Thread and Cordage. Tough twine may be greatly strengthened by dissolving plenty of alum in water ...

Permanent (Record) Ink

Any finely divided, non-fading color may be used as the pigment; vaseline is the best vehicle and wax the best corrigent. In order to make the ribbon last a long time with one inking, as much ...

Valves Fitting

The manufacturers of valves test each valve under hydraulic pressure before it is sent out from the factory, yet they frequently leak when erected in the pipe lines. This is due to the misuse of ...

Vanilla

(See also Essences and Extracts.) The best Mexican vanilla yields only in the neighborhood of 1.7 per ...

To Detect Artificial Vanillin in Vanilla Extracts

(see also Foods) There is no well-defined test for vanillin, but one can get ...

To Detect Tonka in Vanilla Extract

The following test depends on the chemical difference between coumarin and vanillin, ...

Varnish Solutions

(See also Enamels, Glazes, Oils, Paints, Rust Preventives, Stains, and ...

Coloring "Spirit" Varnishes

In modern works the following coloring substances are used, separately and in blends: Saffron (...

The Gums Used in Making Varnish

Juniper gum or true sandarac comes in long, yellowish, dusty tears, and requires a high temperature for its ...

Rules for Varnishing

1. Avoid as far as possible all manipulations with the varnishes; do not dilute them with oil of turpentine, ...

Amber Varnish

This varnish is capable of giving a very superior polish or surface, and is ...

Asphalt Varnishes

Natural asphalt is not entirely soluble in any liquid. Alcohol dissolves only a small ...

Varnish Formulas

I A solution of 1 part of caoutchouc in 16 parts of oil of turpentine or kerosene is mixed with a solution of 16 parts of copal in 8 parts of linseed-oil varnish. To the mixture is added ...

Bicycle Varnish

This is a spirit varnish, preferably made by a cold process, and requires less technical knowledge than the ...

Black Varnishes

Black spirit lacquers are employed in the wood and metal industries. Different kinds are produced according to ...

Bottle Varnish

Bottles may be made to exclude light pretty well by coating them with asphaltum lacquer or varnish. A formula ...

Copal Varnish

Very fine copal varnish for those parts of carriages which require the highest polish, is prepared as ...

A Color Enamel

On the piece to be enameled apply oil varnish or white lead, and add a powder giving ...

Enamel for Vats, etc

Two different enamels are usually employed, viz., one for the ground and one for the top, the latter being somewhat harder than the former. Ground enamel is prepared by melting in an enameled ...

Finishing Enamel for White Furniture

Various methods are practiced in finishing furniture in white enamel, and while numerous preparations intended for the purpose named are generally purchasable of local dealers in paint supplies, ...

Quick-Drying Enamel Colors

Enamel colors which dry quickly, but remain elastic so that applied on tin they will stand stamping without ...

Quick-Drying Enamel Colors. Continued

VIII Pink, Dark.Carmine, 0.5 part, by weight; Turkey red, 1 part, by ...

Engravers' Varnishes

In copper-plate engraving the plate must be covered with a dark-colored coating which, though entirely unaffected by the etching fluid, must be soft enough to allow the finest lines to be drawn ...

Floor Varnishes

I Manila copal, spiritsoluble............ 12 parts Ruby shellac, powdered ............. 62 ...

French Varnish

So-called French varnish is made by dissolving 1 part of bleached or orange ...

Golden Varnishes

I Powdered benzoin. . 1 part Alcohol enough to make 10 parts. ...

Japanning Tin

The first thing to be done when a vessel is to be japanned, is to free it from all grease and oil, by rubbing it with turpentine. Should the oil, however, be linseed, it may be allowed to remain ...

Label Varnishes

I Sandarac........ 3 ounces av. Mastic.......... 3/4 ounce a v. Venice turpentine 150 grains ...

Leather Varnishes

I An excellent varnish for leather can be made from the following recipe: Heat 400 pounds of boiled ...

Metal Varnishes

The purpose of these varnishes is to protect the metals from oxidation and to render them glossy. ...

Brown Varnish

An excellent and quickly drying brown varnish for metals is made by dissolving 20 ounces of gum kino and 5 ...

Decorative Metal Varnishes

I II III IV ...

Gold Varnish

I A good gold varnish for coating moldings which produces great brilliancy is prepared as follows:...

Iron Varnishes

I A varnish obtained by dissolving wax in turpentine is useful. It gives a fairly hard coat, but has the drawback of filling up fine grooves, and so injuring the appearance of many metal ...

Stove Varnishes

Shellac............ 12 parts Manila copal....... 14&...

Varnish Substitutes

A substitute for varnish is produced by adding to 100 parts of casein 10 to 25 parts of a 1 to 10 per cent soap ...

Vasolimentum

This unguent is of two kinds, liquid and semi-solid. The former is prepared by mixing 500 parts of olein, 250 parts of alcoholic ...

Veterinary Formulas For Birds

Asthma in Canaries Tincture capsicum... 5 drachma Spirits chloroform... 90 minims Iron citrate, soluble....

Bird Food Recipes

Mocking-Bird Food Crackers............ 8 ounces Corn............... 9 ounces Rice................ 2 ounces ...

Veterinary Formulas For Horses And Cattle

Blistering Tincture cantharides, 1 ounce; camphorated oil, 0.5 ounce. Apply a portion with friction 3 times a day until a blister shows. As it subsides apply again. Horse-...

Veterinary Dose Table

For a colt 1 month old give 1/24 of the full dose; 3 months old, 1/12; 6 months old, 1/6; 1 year old, 1/3; 2 years old, 1/2; 3 years old, 3/4. Fluids for cattle usually the same dose as for the ...

Veterinary Formulas For Horses And Cattle. Part 2

Astringent I Opium............. 12 grains Camphor........... 1/2 drachm Catechu............ 1 ...

Horse and Cows: Cuts, Wounds, Sores

I Tincture opium, 2 ounces; tannin, 1/2 ounce. II Tincture aloes, 1 ounce; tincture of myrrh, 1/2 ounce; tincture of opium, 1/2 ounce; ...

Horse Embrocations And Liniments

I Camphor........... 1 ounce Acetic acid......... 15 ounces ...

Veterinary Formulas For Horses And Cattle. Part 3

Inflammation Of The Udder I Salicylic acid........ 40 grains Mercurial ointment.. 1 ounce Liniment of camphor 3.25 ounces Apply and rub the udder ...

Domestic Pets

The sarcoptic itch of the dog, as well as that of the cat, is transmissible to man. The Tinea tonsurans, the so-called barbers' itch, due to a trychophyton, and affecting both the dog and ...

Worms In Cats And Dogs

In cats and dogs, round worms, of which ascaris mystax is the most common in cats, are found chiefly in young animals. This worm has hirsute appendages somewhat resembling a mustache. To treat an ...

Domestic Pets Foot Itch

The itch that affects the feet of poultry is contagious in a most insidious way. The various birds of a poultry yard in which the disease is prevalent, rarely contract it until after a ...

Domestic Pet Foods

I Powdered egg shell or phosphate of lime. 4 ounces <...

Domestic Pet Powders

I Cayenne pepper..... 2 parts Allspice............ 4 parts Ginger..............

Roup or Gapes In Poultry

Roup in poultry is caused by the presence of parasites or entozoa in the windpipe. Young birds are most commonly affected. The best method of treatment is to expose the affected bird to the fumes ...

Veterinary Formulas For Sheep

Dips For the prevention of scab in sheep, which results from the burrowing of an acarus or the destruction of the parasite when present, various preparations of a somewhat ...

Vinegar Recipes

I Into a hogshead with a large bung-hole put 1,500 parts, by weight, of honey, 125 parts of carob-pods, ...

Aromatic Vinegar

I Sixteen ounces glacial acetic acid, 40 drops oil of cloves, 40 drops oil of rosemary, 40 drops oil of bergamot, 16 drops oil of neroli, 30 drops oil of ...

Wart Cure

The following is especially useful in cases where the warts are very numerous: I Chloral hydrate..... 1 part Acetic acid......... 1 part Salicylic acid...........

Watchmakers' Formulas

Watch Manufacturers' Alloys. Some very tenacious and hard alloys, for making the parts of watches which ...

Watchmakers' Formulas. Part 2

Replacing Rubies whose Settings have Deteriorated Enlarge, with the squarer (...

Watchmakers' Formulas. Part 3

Verification of the Depthings In the verge watches, the English watches, and those of analogous caliber, it is often difficult to verify the depthings, except by the touch. For this ...

Watchmakers' Formulas. Part 4

To Weaken a Balance Spring A balance spring may need weakening; this is effected by grinding the spring thinner. Remove the spring from the collet and place it upon a piece of pegwood ...

Natural and Artificial Water

In making an artificial mineral water it must be remembered that it is seldom possible to ...

Natural and Artificial Water: Explanation of Groups

The explanation of the use of these groups is simple. When about to prepare an artificial mineral ...

Natural and Artificial Waters

Apollinaris Water Sodium carbonate.. . . 2,835 grains Sodium sulphate..... 335 grains Sodium silicate...... 10 grains ...

Purifying Water

See also Filters. If an emulsion of clay is poured into a soap solution, the ...

Waterproofing

(See also Enamels, Glazes, Paints, Preservatives, Varnishes.) Waterproofing Brick Arches ...

Waterproofing Blue Prints

Use refined paraffine, and apply by immersing the print in the melted wax, or more conveniently as follows: ...

Waterproofing Canvas

I The canvas is coated with a mixture of the three solutions named below: 1. Gelatin, 50 parts,...

Waterproofing Fabrics

It will be convenient to divide waterproof fabrics into two classes, viz., those which are impervious to ...

Waterproofing Fabrics. Part 2

The next operation, after well drying, is to thoroughly masticate the shredded rubber between hot ...

Waterproofing Fabrics. Part 3

It now remains to apply the rubber to the fabric and vulcanize it. Up to this stage the sulphur has only been mechanically mixed with the rubber; the aid of heat is now required to bring about ...

Waterproofing Fabrics. Part 4

The different brands of rubber vary so much, especially with regard to solubility, that it is always advisable to treat each brand by itself, and not to make a solution of two or more kinds. ...

Waterproofing Fabrics. Part 5

Besides stearates of the metals, glues and gelatins have been used for proofing purposes, but owing to their stiffening effect, they are only of use in some few isolated cases. With glue and ...

Waterproofing Fabrics. Part 6

XII Cotton, linen, jute, and hemp fabrics are first thoroughly saturated in a bath of ammonio-cupric sulphate, of 10 Bé., at a temperature of 77 F., then put into a solution of ...

Waterproofing Leather

I. Tenning's process is as follows: Melt together equal parts of zinc and linseed oil, at a ...

Oilskins

The art of painting over textile fabrics with oily preparations to make them waterproof is probably nearly as old as textile manufacture itself, an industry of prehistoric, nay, geologic, origin. ...

Waterproofing Paper

Any convenient and appropriate machinery or apparatus may be employed; but the best method for ...

Waterproofing Paper. Continued

The paper may be dried in any convenient manner and is in condition for most commercial uses, it being greatly strengthened, more flexible, more impervious to moisture, acids, grease, or ...

Adulteration of Wax

Wax is adulterated with the following among other substances: Rosins, pitch, flowers of sulphur, starch, fecula, stearine, ...

Artificial Beeswax

This is obtained by mixing the following substances, in approximately the proportions stated: ...

Waxes for Floors, Furniture, etc

I White beeswax..... 16 parts Colophony........ 4 parts Venice turpentine.. 1 part Melt the articles together over a gentle fire, and when completely melted ...

Gilders' Wax

For the production of various colorings of gold in fire gilding, the respective places are frequently covered with so-called gilders' wax. These consist of mixtures of various chemicals which have ...

Grafting Wax

I Beeswax............ 7 parts Purified rosin....... 12 parts Turpentine......... 3 parts Rape oil............&...

Sealing Waxes

The following formulas may be followed for making sealing wax: Take 4 pounds of shellac, 1 pound of Venice ...

Colorful Waxes

Dark Blue Wax Three ounces Venetian turpentine, 4 ounces shellac, 1 ounce rosin, 1 ounce Prussian blue,...

Weather Forecasters

(See also Hygrometers and Hygroscopes.) I It is known that a leaf of ...

International Atomic Weights

The International Committee on Atomic Weights have presented this table as ...

United States Weights And Measures

(According to existing standards) LINEAL 12 inches = 1 foot. 3 feet = 1 yard. 5.5 yards =1 rod. 40 rods = 1 furlong. 8 furlongs= 1 mile. ...

United States Fluid Measure

Gallon. Pints. Ounces. Drachms. Minims. Cubic Centimeters. 1 = 8 = 128 - 1,024 = 61,...

Apothecaries' Weight

The pound, ounce, and grain are the same as in ...

English Weights And Measures

APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT . 20 grains = 1 scruple = 20 grains 3 scruples = 1 drachm = 60 grains 8 drachms = 1 ounce = 480 grains 12 ounces = 1 pound = 5,760 ...

Metric System Of Weights And Measures

Measures Of Length Denominations and Values. Equivalents in Use, ...

The Conversion Of Metric Into English Weight

The following table, which contains no error greater than one-tenth of a grain, will suffice for most practical purposes: 1 gram =...

The Conversion Of Metric Into English Measure

1 cubic centimeter = 17 minims 2 cubic centimeters = 34 ...

Welding Powders

See also Steel. Powder to Weld Wrought Iron at Pale-red Heat with ...

Whetstones

To make artificial whetstones, take gelatin of good quality, dissolve it in equal weight of ...

Whitewash Formulas

(See also Paint.) Wash the ceiling by wetting it twice with water, laying on as ...

Window Display

See also Sponges. An attractive ...

Window Perfume

In Paris an apparatus has been introduced consisting of a small tube which is attached lengthwise on the exterior of the shop windows. Through numerous little holes a warm, lightly perfumed ...

Wines and Liquors: Bitters

Bitters, as the name indicates, are merely tinctures of bitter roots and barks, with the addition of spices to flavor, and depend for their effect upon their ...

Cordials (Liquors)

Cordials, according to the Spatula, are flavored liquors containing from 40 to 50 per cent of ...

Cordials (Liquors). Continued

Curacoa Cordials I Curacoa orange peel.. 6 ounces Cinnamon.......... ...

Detannating Wine

According to Caspari, the presence of appreciable quantities of tannin in wine is decidedly objectionable if the wine is to be used in connection with ...

Prevention Of Wine Fermentation

Fermentation may be prevented in either of two ways: (1) By chemical methods, which consist in the addition of germ poisons or antiseptics, which either kill the germs or ...

Prevention Of Wine Fermentation. Continued

Then take enough fresh grape juice to fill the barrel one-third full, bung up tight, roll and agitate violently on the skid for a few minutes. Next burn more sulphur matches in it until no more ...

Sparkling Wines

An apparatus for converting still into foaming wines, and doing this efficiently, simply, and ...

Artificial French Brandy

I The following is Eugene Dieterich's formula for Spiritus vini Gallici artificialis: Tincture of gall-apples........... 10 parts Aromatic tincture... 5 parts ...

Making Liqueurs

Many are familiar with the properties of liqueurs but believe them to be very complex ...

Making Liqueurs. Part 2

Chartreuse I Elixir végétal de la Grande Chartreuse. Fresh balm mint ...

May Bowl or May Wine

The principal ingredient of May bowl, or that which gives it its flavor and bouquet, is fresh Waldmeisterkraut (Asperula odorata), the woodruff or sweet grass, star ...

Making Liqueurs. Part 3

Maraschino Liqueur Oil bitter almonds.... 15 minims Essence vanilla...... 1 ...

Medicinal Wines

Beef and Iron The following formula is recommended by the American Pharmaceutical Association: I Extract of beef.... 35 grams Tincture of citro chloride of ...

To Distinguish Methyl Salicylate From Oil Of Wintergreen

A quantity of the sample is mixed in a test tube with an equal volume of pure concentrated sulphuric acid. Under these conditions the artificial compound shows no rise in temperature and acquires ...

Wire Rope

See also Steel. A valuable anti-friction and preservative compound ...

Decorative Wood-Finish

Paint or stencil wood with white-lime paint. When it has dried slowly in the ...

Wood Fillers

The novice in coach painting is quite as likely to get bewildered as to be aided by much of the information given about roughstuff, the more so as the methods differ so widely. One authority tells ...

Wood Fillers. Part 2

This diversified matter consists of mineral salts and various organic substances, gelatinous in their nature and held in solution by a viscous liquid and containing nitrogenous matter in ...

Wood Fillers. Part 3

Close-grained wood contains less albumen and more lignin than open-grained varieties, and consequently does not take so much filler, which accounts for the finish invariably lasting longer than ...

Wood Fillers. Part 4

The only way to find the best materials to use in certain cases is to study and experiment with that end in view. If, by aid of a microscope, a certain piece of wood shows the same cellular ...

Removal of Heat Stains from Polished Wood

Fold a sheet of blotting paper a couple of times (making 4 thicknesses of the paper), cover ...

Preservation Of Wood

I An excellent way of preserving-wood is to cut it between August and October. The branches are removed, leaving only the leaves at the top. The trunks, carefully cut or sawn (so that ...

Preservation Of Wood. Part 2

IV Wooden objects remaining in the open air may be effectually protected against the inclemency of the weather by means of the following coating: Finely powdered zinc oxide is worked ...

Preservation Of Wood. Part 3

IX Recently the discovery has been made that wood may be preserved with dissolved betuline, a vegetable product of the consistency of paste, called also birchwood rosin. Betuline must ...

Preservation Of Wood. Part 4

XI Numerous experiments have been made with all kinds of wood, even with hard oak. In the ...

Preservation Of Wood. Part 5

XVII The vulcanizing process of treating timber consists essentially in subjecting it to a baking process in hot air which is heated to a temperature of about 500 F. by passing over ...

Preservation Of Wood. Part 6

XXII Tar paints, called also mineral or metallic paints, are sold in barrels or boxes, at varying prices. Some dealers color ...

To Prevent Warping of Wood

Immerse the wood to be worked upon in a concentrated solution of sea salt for a week or so. The wood thus prepared, after having been worked upon, will resist all changes of temperature. ...

Stains For Wood

In the staining of wood it is not enough to know merely how to prepare and how to apply the various staining solutions; a rational exercise of the art of wood staining demands rather a certain ...

Color Stains

Bronze I Prepare first a thin glue size by soaking good animal glue over night in cold ...

Color Stains. Continued

Oak I Water-color stains do not penetrate deep enough into wood to make the effect ...

Wood Stains Imitation

Yellow, green, blue, or gray staining on wood can be easily imitated with a little glazing color in oil or ...

Light-Fast Stains

Stains fast to light are obtained by saturating wood in a vacuum chamber, first with dilute sulphuric ...

Spirit Stains

Black I White shellac....... 12 ounces Vegetable black..... 6 ounces ...

Turpentine Stains

Turpentine stains are chiefly solutions of oil-soluble coal- ...

Varnish Stains

Shellac is the chief article forming the basis of varnish stains the coloring matter being usually coal ...

Water Stains

Water stains are solutions of chemicals, dye extracts, astringent substances, and coal-tar ...

Stains for Wood Attacked by Alkalies or Acids

Solution A Copper sulphate... 125 grams Potassium chlorate. 125 grains ...

Substitutes For Wood

I Acetic paraldehyde or acetic aldehyde respectively or polymerized formaldehyde is mixed with methylic alcohol and ...

Restoring Faded Writing

Writing on old manuscripts, parchments, and old letters that has faded into nearly or complete invisibility can be restored by rubbing over it a solution of ammonium sulphide, hydrogen sulphide or ...

Yeast Formulas

Dry Yeast Boil together for 1/2 hour, 95 parts of the finest, grated hops and 4,000 parts of ...

Henley's Book Of Recipes: A

ABRASION REMEDY: See Cosmetics and ...

Henley's Book Of Recipes: B

BABBITT METAL: See Alloys. BALANCE SPRING: See ...

Henley's Book Of Recipes: C

CADMIUM ALLOYS: See Alloys<...

Henley's Book Of Recipes: D

DANDRUFF CURE: See Hair Preparations. DEHORNERS See Horn. ...

Henley's Book Of Recipes: E

EARTHENWARE See Ceramics. EAU DE QUININE: See Hair Preparations. ...

Henley's Book Of Recipes: F

FABRIC CLEANERS See Cleaning Preparations and Methods and also Household Formulas. FABRICS, ...

Henley's Book Of Recipes: G

GALVANIZED PAPER See Paper, Metallic. GAMBOGE STAIN See ...

Henley's Book Of Recipes: H

HAIR REMOVERS See Depilatories. HAMBURG BITTERS See Wines and Liquors. HAMMER HARDENING See ...

Henley's Book Of Recipes: I

IMOGEN DEVELOPER See Photography. INCENSE See Fumigants. ...

Henley's Book Of Recipes: J

JAPAN BLACK See Paints. JAPANNING AND JAPAN ...

Henley's Book Of Recipes: K

KARATS, TO FIND NUMBER OF: See Jewelers' Formulas. KERAMICS See Ceramics. ...

Henley's Book Of Recipes: L

LABEL PASTES, GLUES, AND MUCILAGES See Adhesives. ...

Henley's Book Of Recipes: M

MACHINE OIL See Lubricants. MACHINERY, TO CLEAN See Cleaning Preparations and ...

Henley's Book Of Recipes: N

NAIL POLISHES See Cosmetics. NAPOLEON CORDIAL See Wines and Liquors. ...

Henley's Book Of Recipes: O

OAK: See Wood. ODONTER See Dentifrices. OIL, CASTOR: See ...

Henley's Book Of Recipes: P-Q

PACKAGE POP See Beverages, under Ginger ...

Henley's Book Of Recipes: R

RAGS FOR CLEANING AND POLISHING See Cleaning Preparations and Methods. ...

Henley's Book Of Recipes: S

SACCHARINE IN FOOD See Food. SADDLE GALLS See Veterinary Formulas. SADDLE SOAP See Soap. SALAMANDRINE DESSERT See Pyrotechnics. ...

Henley's Book Of Recipes: T

TABLE-TOPS, ACID-PROOF See Acid-Proofing. TABLES FOR PHOTOGRAPHERS See ...

Henley's Book Of Recipes: U-V

UDDER INFLAMMATION See Veterinary Formulas. VARNISH, HOW TO POUR OUT See Castor ...

Henley's Book Of Recipes: W

WAGON GREASE See Lubricants. WALLS, DAMP See Household Formulas. WALL ...