Henley's Twentieth Century Formulas Recipes Processes Vol3

Impregnation of Papers with Zapon Varnish

For the protection of important papers against the destructive influences of the atmosphere, of water fungi, and ...

Slate Parchment

Soak good paper with linseed-oil varnish (boiled oil) and apply the following mass, mentioned below, ...

Metallic Paper

This paper, made by transferring, pasting, or painting a coating of metal on ordinary ...

Paraffine

Rendering Paraffine Transparent A process for rendering paraffine and its mixtures with other bodies ...

Passe-Partout Framing

It is hardly correct to call the passe-partout a frame, as it is merely a binding together of the print, the glass,...

Razor Pastes

I From jewelers' rouge, plumbago, and suet, equal parts, melted together and stirred until ...

Perfumes

Dry Perfumes: Sachet Powders I Orris root......... 6 ounces ...

Smelling Salts

I Fill small glasses having ground stopper with pieces of sponge free from sand and saturate with a mixture of ...

Violet Smelling Salts

I Moisten coarsely powdered ammonia carbonate, contained in a suitable bottle, with a mixture of ...

To Scent Advertising Matter, etc.

The simplest way of perfuming printed matter, such as calendars, cards, etc., is to stick them in strongly odorous sachet powder. Although the effect of a strong perfume is obtained thereby, there ...

Coloring Liquid Perfumes

Chlorophyll is a suitable agent for coloring liquid perfumes green. Care must be taken to ...

Fixing Agents in Perfumes

The secret of making perfumery lies mainly in the choice of the fixing agentsi. e., those ...

General Directions for Making Perfumes

It is absolutely essential for obtaining the best results to see that all vessels are perfectly clean. Always employ ...

Tinctures for Perfumes

a. Ambergris, 1 part; alcohol, 96 per cent, 15 parts. b. Benzoin, ...

Bay Rum

Bay rum, or more properly bay spirit, may be made from the oil with weak ...

Colognes

In making cologne water, the alcohol used should be that obtained from the distillation of ...

Cologne Spirits or Deodorized Alcohol

This is used in all toilet preparations and perfumes. It is made thus: ...

Lavender Water

This, the most famous of all the perfumed waters, was originally a distillate from a mixture of spirit and ...

Liquid Perfumes For The Handkerchief, Person, Etc.

Acacia Extract French acacia...... 400 parts Tincture of amber (l ...

Navy Bouquet

Spirit of sandalwood.. 10 ounce s Extract of patchouli. . 10 ounces ...

Handkerchief Perfumes

I Lavender oil...... 10 parts Neroli oil......... 10 parts Bitter ...

Marechal Niel Rose

In the genus of roses, outside of the hundred-leaved or cabbage rose, the Maréchal Niel rose (Rosa Noisetteana ...

Artificial Violet

Ionone is an artificial perfume which smells exactly like fresh violets, and is therefore an extremely important product. Although before it was discovered compositions were known which gave fair ...

Double Extract

By weight Cassia extract, 2d pomade........ 100 parts Violet extract, 2d pomade........ 150 parts Jasmine extract, 2d pomade..... 100 parts ...

Toilet Waters

Toilet waters proper are perfumed liquids designed more especially as refreshing applications to the ...

Eau de Merveilleuse

Alcohol........... 3 quarts ...

Lilac Water

Terpineol.......... 2 drachms Heliotropin........ 8 grains Bergamot oil....... 1 drachm Neroli oil.......... &...

Perfumed Pastilles

These scent tablets consist of a compressed mixture of rice starch, magnesium carbonate, and powdered orris ...

Perfumes for Hair Oils

I -Heliotropin........ 8 grains Coumarin......... 1 grain Oil of orris......... 1 drop Oil of ...

Soap Perfumes

See also Soap. I Oil of lavender..... 0.5 ounce Oil of cassia............

The Preparation of Emulsions of Crude Petroleum

Kerosene has long been recognized as a most efficient insecticide, but its irritating action, as well as the very considerable ...

Petroleum for Spinning

In order to be able to wash out the petroleum or render it saponifiable, the following process is recommended: Heat the ...

Glow Pictures

These can be easily produced by drawing the outlines of a picture, writing, etc., on a piece of white paper with a solution of 40 parts of saltpeter and 20 parts of gum arabic in 40 parts of warm <...

Phosphate Substitute

An artificial phosphate is thus prepared: Melt in an oven a mixture of 100 parts of phosphorite, ground coarsely, 70 parts of acid sulphate of soda; 20 parts of carbonate of ...

Phosphorescent Mass

See also Luminous Bodies and Paints. Mix 2 parts of dehydrated sodium carbonate, 0.5 parts of sodium chloride, and 0.2 parts of manganic sulphate with 100 parts of strontium carbonate and ...

Phosphorus Substitute

G. Graveri recommends persul focyanic acid = H2(CN)aS3 as meeting all the requirements of phosphorus on matches. It resists shock and friction, it is readily friable, and will mix with other ...

Photography Developers And Developing Of Plates

No light is perfectly safe or non-actinic, even that coming through a combined ...

Pyro and Soda Developer

I Pure water......... 30 ounces Sulphite ...

Rodinal Developer

One part rodinal to 30 parts pure water. Use repeatedly, adding fresh as required.<...

Metol Developer

I Water............. 8 ounces Metol.............100 grains ...

Tolidol Developer

Standard formula for dry plates and films: Water......... &...

Pyrocatechin Developer (One Solution)

Dissolve in the following range: Sulphite of soda crystallized.......... 25....

Hauff's Adurol Developer

One solution. Water............. 10 ounces Sulphide of sodium, crystals......

Developing Powders

By weight I Pyrogallol......... 0.3 parts Sodium bisulphite .. 1.2 parts Sodium carbonate .. 1.2 parts II Eikonogen......... 1.1 ...

Developing Papers

Light The paper can be safely handled 8 feet from the source of light, which may be Welsbach ...

Pyrocatechin Formula

Solution A Pyrocatechin...... 2 parts Sulphite of ...

Platinum Papers: General Instructions

To secure the most brilliant results the sensitized paper, before, during, and after its ...

"Water Tone" Platinum Paper

Water tone platinum paper is very easily affected by moisture; it will, ...

The Glycerine Process

The glycerine process, or the process of developing platinotype prints by application of ...

The Carbon Process

The paper used is coated on one surface with a mixture of gelatin and some pigment (the color of which depends ...

Lantern Slides

The making of a good slide begins with the making of the negative, the operations in both cases being closely allied, and he who has mastered the first, which is the corner stone to all ...

Lantern Slides. Continued

As to time of exposure, very little can be said. That varies with the different makes of plates, with ...

Negatives: How To Utilize Waste Material

Undoubtedly spoiled negatives form the greatest waste. The uses to which a ruined negative may be put are manifold. Cut down to 3.25 inches square and the films cleaned off, they make excellent ...

Fixing And Clearing Photo Baths: The Acid Fixing and Clearing Bath

Add 2 ounces of S. P. C. clarifier (acid bisulphite of sodium) solution to 1 quart of hypo solution 1 in 5. Combined Alum and Hypo Bath Add saturated solution of sulphite of ...

Reducer for Gelatin Dry-Plate Negatives

I Saturated solution of ferricyanide of potassium ........... 1 part Hyposulphite of sodium solution (1 in 10) 10 parts II Perchloride of ...

Photo Paper-Sensitizing Processes

Blueprint Paper I The ordinary blue photographic print in which ...

How to Make Picture Postal Cards and Photographic Letter Heads

I Well-sized paper is employed. If the sizing should be insufficient, resizing can be done with a 10 per cent ...

A Simple Emulsion for Mat or Printing-Out Paper

One of the very best surfaces to work upon for coloring in water color is the carbon print....

How to Sensitize Photographic Printing Papers

I The older form of paper is one in which the chemicals are held by albumen. Silver is said to combine with this, forming an albuminate. Pictures printed on this would be too sharp in ...

Ferro-Prussiate Paper

The following aniline process of preparing sensitive paper is employed by the Prussian and Hessian railway administrations. ...

Pigment Paper for Immediate Use

Pigment paper is usually sensitized in the bichromate solution on the evening before it is desired for use. If it is not then used it will spoil. By proceeding as follows the paper may be used ...

Photographing on Silk

China silk is thoroughly and carefully washed to free it from dressing, and then immersed in ...

Toning Baths For Paper

The chief complaints made against separate baths are (1) the possibility of double tones, and (2) that the prints sometimes turn yellow and remain so. Such obstacles may easily be removed by ...

Toning Baths for Silver Bromide Paper

The picture, which has been exposed at a distance of 1.5 feet for about 8 to 10 seconds, is developed in the customary manner and fixed in an acid ...

Combined Toning And Fixing Baths

The combined toning and fixing bath consists essentially of five parts (1) ...

Photo Enlargements

The object of this table is to enable any manipulator who is about to enlarge (or reduce) a copy any given number of times to do so without troublesome calculation. It is assumed that the ...

Varnishes

Cold Varnish I Pyroxylin.......... 10 grains Amyl alcohol.....

Restoring Faded Photographs

I As a precaution against a disaster first copy the old print in the same size. Soak the faded photograph for several hours in clean ...

Faded Photographs Treatment: Mountants

See also Adhesives. I If buckling of the mount is to be cured, the prints must be mounted in a dry state, and the film of mountant borne by the print must be just sufficient to ...

Transparent Photographs

I The following mixture may be employed at 176 F., to render photographs transparent. It consists of 4 parts ...

The Gum - Bichromate Photo - Printing Process

Gum bichromate is not a universal printing method. It is not suited for all subjects or for all negatives, but where there is simplicity and breadth in sizes of 8.5 x 6.5 and upward, direct or ...

Photography: Comparative Exposures of Various Subjects

Seconds Open panorama, with fields and trees......................... 1 Snow, ice, ...

To Reduce Photographs

When one wishes to copy a drawing or photograph he is usually at a loss to know how high the plate will be when any particular base is selected. A plan which has the merit of being simple and ...

Color Photography: A Three-Color Process

Prepare 7 solutions, 4 of which are used for color screens, the remaining 3 serving as dyes for the plates. ...

Solution for Preparing Color Sensitive Plates

H. Vollenbruch maintains that plates sensitized with erythrosin silver citrate are not only more sensitive to color impressions, but also have better keeping qualities than ...

Microphotographs

The instruments used are an objective of very short focus and a small camera with a movable holder. This camera and the original negative to be reduced are fastened to the opposite ends of a long, ...

Photographs on Brooches

These may be produced by means of a paper (celuidin paper) whose upper layer after exposure by means ...

Flashlight Powders And Apparatus

Flash powders to be ignited by simply applying the flame of a match or laying on an oiled paper and igniting that, may be made by the following formulas: I ...

Intensifiers And Reducers

Intensifier (Mercuric) with Sodium Sulphite, for Gelatin Dry Plates Whiten the negative in the saturated solution of mercuric chloride, wash and -blacken with a solution of sulphite of ...

Renovating a Camera

The following formula should be applied to the mahogany of the camera by means of a soft rag, rubbing it ...

Exclusion of Air from Solutions

Water is free from air only when it has been maintained for several minutes in bubbling ...

Bottle Wax

Many ready-prepared solutions, such as developers and other preparations from which light has to be ...

Bleaching Photographic Prints White

To make a salt print, ink over it with waterproof ink, then bleach out white all but the black lines. ...

To Render Negatives Permanent

A fine negative, one that we would like to preserve, may be rendered permanent by placing it, after it has been fixed, in a 10 per cent solution of ...

Stripping Photograph Films

This is generally done by immersing the plate in formaldehyde solution until the film has become almost insoluble and impermeable. Then it is placed in a solution of sodium carbonate until the ...

Phosphorescent Photographs

The necessary chemicals belong to the class of phosphorescent bodies, among others, calcium sulphite, strontium sulphite, barium sulphide, calcareous spar, fluorspar. These placed in the ...

Printing Names on Photographs

The name or other matter to be printed on the photograph is set up in type, and printed on cardboard; from this make an ...

Spots on Photographic Plates

Spots on photographic plates may be caused by dust or by minute bubbles in the emulsion, ...

To Remove Pyro Stains from the Fingers

Make a strong solution of chlorinated lime; dip the fingers which are stained in ...

Nature, Source, and Manufacture of Pigments

A pigment is a dry earthy or clayey substance that, when mixed with oil, water, etc., ...

Mixing Oil Colors and Tints

It must not be expected that the formulas given will produce the exact effect desired, because the strength of the various brands of colors vary to a great extent, and therefore the painter must ...

Positive Oil Colors

Blue Twelve parts borate of lime; 6 parts oxide of zinc; 10 parts ...

Positive Oil Colors. Continued

Royal Blue, Dark Eighteen parts ultramarine blue and 2 parts Prussian blue. To lighten use as much white ...

Oil Colors: Red Tints

Cardinal Red Equal parts of white lead and scarlet lake. Carnation Red ...

Oil Colors: Green Tints

Apple Green Fifty parts white lead; 1 part chrome green, light or medium shade. ...

Oil Colors: Brown Tints

Chocolate Twenty-five parts white lead; 3 parts burnt umber. ...

Oil Colors: Gray Tints

Ash Gray Thirty parts white lead; 2 parts ultramarine blue; 1 part burnt ...

Testing Body Colors for Gritty Admixtures

The fineness of the powdered pigment is not a guarantee of the absence of gritty admixtures. The latter differ from the pigment proper in their specific gravity. If consisting of metallic oxides ...

To Determine the Covering Power of Pigments

To determine the covering power of white lead, or any other pigment, take equal ...

Pile Ointments

I Extract witch-hazel.......... 2 fluidounces Lanum.......... 2 ounces Petrolatum...... 6 ounces ...

Temperature of Water for Watering Plants

Experiments were made several years ago at the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station to determine whether cold ...

Plaster Formulas

(See also Gypsum.) Therapeutic Grouping of Medicinal Plasters The ...

Solution of Rubber in Fixed Solvent: Petrolatum and Incorporation with Lead Acetate

India rubber dissolves, though with difficulty, in petrolatum. The heat required to melt the rubber being comparatively high, usually considerably more than 212 F., as stated in the U. S. P., ...

Court Plaster or Sticking Plaster

I. Brush silk over with a solution of isinglass, in spirits or warm water, dry and ...

Coloring of Modeling Plaster

I If burnt gypsum is stirred up with water containing formaldehyde and with ...

Treatment of Fresh Plaster

Freshly plastered cement surfaces on walls may be treated as follows: The freshly ...

Hardening and Toughening Plaster of Paris

I Plaster of Paris at times sets too rapidly; therefore the following recipe for toughening and delaying drying will be useful. To calcined plaster of Paris add 4 per cent of its weight ...

Preservation of Plaster Casts

Upon complete drying, small objects are laid for a short while in celluloid varnish of 4 per cent, while large articles are painted with it, from the top downward, using a soft brush. Articles set ...

Plating Of Metal Surfaces

The plating of metal surfaces is accomplished in four different ways: (1) By oxidation, ...

Plating Of Metal Surfaces: Bronzing

Art Bronzes These are bronzes of different tints, showing a great variety according to the taste and ...

Bronzing of Gas Fixtures

Gas fixtures which have become dirty or tarnished from use may be improved in appearance by painting with ...

Bronzing Metals

I The following composition is recommended for bronzing metal objects exposed to the air: Mix ...

Plating Of Metal Surfaces: Coloring Of Metals

Direct Coloration of Iron and Steel by Cupric Selenite Iron precipitates copper and selenium from their ...

Production of Rainbow Colors on Metals (iron, copper, brass, zinc, etc.)— I

The following process of irisation is due to Puscher. It allows of covering the metals with a thick layer of metallic sulphide, similar to that met with in naturein galena, for example. ...

Coloration by Electrolysis

I Colored Rings by Electrolysis (Nobili, Becquerel).In order to obtain the Nobili rings it is necessary to concentrate the current coming from one of the poles of the battery ...

Coloring of Brass

I (a) Brown bronze: Acid solution of nitrate of silver and bismuth or nitric acid. (6) ...

Production of Rainbow Hues

Various colors.I.Dissolve tartrate of antimony and ...

Bronzing of Brass

The object is boiled with zinc grains and water saturated with ammoniacal chlorhydrate. A ...

Plating of Aluminum

The light metal may be plated with almost any other metal, but copper is most commonly employed. Two ...

Coppering of Aluminum

I This is the Dessolle process for the galvanic application of copper. The special advantage claimed is that strong currents can be used, and a deposit obtained of 0.004 inch in 11 hours....

Cobaltizing of Metals

Following are various processes for cobaltizing on copper or other metals previously coppered: I.Cobalt, 50 parts, by weight; sal ammoniac, 25 parts; liquid ...

Replating with Battery

It is well known to electro-metallurgists that metals deposited by electricity do not adhere so firmly to their kind as to other metals. Thus gold will adhere more tenaciously to silver, copper, ...

Silver Plating

The term silver deposit designates a coating of silver which is deposited upon glass, porcelain, china, or other ...

Steel Plating

The following is a solution for dipping steel articles before electroplating:...

Tin Plating by Electric Bath

Most solutions give a dead-white film of tin, and this has to be brightened by friction of some sort, either by scratch brushing, burnishing, polishing, or rubbing with whiting. The bright tin ...

Plating Of Metal Surfaces: Gilding And Gold Plating

Genuine gilding readily takes up mercury, while imitation gilding does not or only very slowly. Any coating of varnish present should, however, be removed before conducting the test. Mercurous ...

Aluminum Gilding

I Dissolve 6 parts of gold in aqua regia and dilute the I solution with ...

Amalgam Gold Plating

Gold amalgam is chiefly used as a plating for silver, copper, ...

Brass Gilding

On brass, which is an electropositive metal, an electromagnetic metal, such as gold, can be deposited very cheaply ...

Copper and Brass Gilding

The solutions used to gild copper can be generally used also for brass articles. Copper gilding acquires ...

Cold Chemical Gilding

The chemical gilding by the wet process is accomelished by E. E. Stahl with the aid of three baths: A gold bath, a neutralization bath, and a reduction bath. The gold bath is prepared from pure ...

Colored Gilding

A variety of shades of green and red gold can be obtained by the electro-chemical process, which method may be employed for the decoration of various objects of art. In order to produce red gold ...

Gilding of Glass

I In order to produce a good gilding on glass, the gold salt employed must be free from acid. Prepare ...

Green Gilding

This can be obtained conveniently by the galvanic process, by means of anodes of sheet platinum with the following composition: ...

Incrusting with Gold

The article is first made perfectly bright, and those places which are to be gilt are covered with a matt consisting of white ...

Ivory Gilding

I The pattern is painted with a fine camel's-hair pencil, moistened with gold chloride. Hold the ivory ...

Mat Gilding

To obtain a handsome mat gilding the article, after having been neatly polished, is passed through a sand-...

Dead-Gilding of an Alloy of Copper and Zinc

The parts which are to be deadened must be isolated from those which are to be polished, and also from those which are to be concealed, and which therefore are not to be gilded. For this purpose ...

Powder for Gilding Metals

I In a solution of perchloride of gold soak small pieces of linen which are dried over the solution so that the drops falling therefrom are saved. When the rags are dry burn them, ...

Regilding Mat Articles

In order to regenerate dead gold trinkets without having to color them againwhich is, as a rule, impossible, because the gold is too weak to stand a second coloringit is advisable to ...

Wood Gilding

I. The moldings, ledges, etc., to be gilded are painted with a strong solution of joiners' glue, which is left to harden well, whereupon 8 to 10 coatings of glue mixed with whitening are ...

Plating Of Metal Surfaces: Oxidizing Processes

Aluminum Plating I To plate iron and other metals with pure aluminum, deoxidize the pieces with ...

Brassing

I To brass small articles of iron or steel drop them into a quart ...

Green or Gold Color for Brass

French articles of brass, both cast and made of sheet brass, mostly exhibit a golden color, which is produced by a ...

Nickeling by Oxidation

I Nickeling may be performed on all metals cold, by means of nickelene by the Mitressey process, without employing electrical apparatus, and any desired thickness deposited. It is said ...

Pickling Solutions

Oxidized copper, brass, and German silver articles must be cleansed by acid solutions. In the case of brass ...

Metal Browning by Oxidation

The article ought first to be cleaned with either nitric acid or muriatic acid, then immersed in an acid affecting the metal and dried in a warm place. A ...

Silvering by Oxidation

The oxidizing of silver darkens it, and gives an antique appearance that is highly prized. I The salts of silver are colorless when the acids, the elements of which enter into ...

Oxidized Steel

I Mix together bismuth chloride, 1 part; mercury bichloride, 2 parts; copper chloride, 1 part; hydrochloric acid, 6 parts; ...

Plating Of Metal Surfaces: Patina Oxidizing Processes

Patina of Art Bronzes For all patinas, whether the ordinary brown of ...

Patina Oxidizing Processes. Continued

Green Patina Upon Copper To produce a green patina upon copper take ...

Plating Of Metal Surfaces: Platinizing

Platinizing Aluminum Aluminum vessels coated with a layer of platinum are recommended in place of platinum vessels, when not exposed to very high temperatures. The process of platinizing ...

Plating Of Metal Surfaces: Silvering, Silver-Plating, And Desilvering

See also Silvering by Oxidation, under Oxidation Processes, under Plating. Antique SilverThere ...

Silvering, Silver-Plating, And Desilvering. Continued

To Silver-Plate Metals I Nitrate of silver, 30 parts, by weight; caustic ...

Plating Of Metal Surfaces: Tin Silver-Plating

Prepare a solution of 3 parts, by weight, of bismuth subnitrate in 10 parts of nitric acid of 1.4 specific gravity, to which add a solution of 10 parts of tartar and 40 parts of hydrochloric acid ...

Plating Of Metal Surfaces: Various Recipes

To Ascertain whether an Article is Nickeled, Tinned, or Silvered When necessary to ascertain quickly and accurately the nature of the white metal covering an object, the following ...

To Make Plush Adhere to Metal

Wash off with ordinary soda water the bottom of a tin box, wiping it dry with cloth. Coat ...

Polishes for Aluminum

I. M. Mouray recommends the use of an emulsion of equal parts of rum and olive ...

Polishes For Brass, Bronze, Copper, Etc.

Objects of polished copper, bronze, brass, and other alloys of copper tarnish through ...

Polishes For Floors

I Throw a handful of permanganate potash crystals ...

Colored Floor Polishes

Yellow: Caustic soda solution, 7.5 parts, mixed with 1.5 to 2 parts of ...

Polishes For Furniture

First make a paste to fill cracks as follows: Whiting, plaster of Paris, pumice stone, litharge, equal ...

Polishes for Glass

I Mix calcined magnesia with purified benzine to a semiliquid paste. Rub the ...

Polishes for Ivory, Bone, etc

I First rub with a piece of linen soaked with a paste made of Armenian bole and oleic acid. Wash with Marseilles soap, dry, rub with a chamois skin, and finally render it bright with an ...

Marble Polishing

Polishing includes five operations. Smoothing the roughness left on the surface is done by rubbing the marble with a piece of moist sandstone; for moldings either wooden or ...

Polishing Powders

Polishing powders are advantageously prepared according to the following recipes: I ...

Liquid Polishes

I Malt vinegar....... 4 gallons Lemon juice....... ...

Polishing Soaps

I Powdered pipe clay 112 pounds Tallow soap....... 16 pounds ...

Metal Polishes: Polishing Pastes

I White petroleum jelly............ 90 pounds Kieselguhr......... 30 ...

Non-Explosive Liquid Metal Polish

Although in a liquid form, it does not necessarily follow that a liquid polish is less economical than ...

Miscellaneous Metal Polishes

I Articles of polished copper, such as clocks, stove ornaments, etc., become tarnished very quickly. To restore their brilliancy dip a brush in strong ...

Polishes for Pianos

I Alcohol, 95 per cent.. 300 parts Benzol.............. ...

Polishes for Silverware

The best polish for silverwarethat is, the polish that, while it cleans, does not too rapidly abrade the surfaceis levigated chalk, either alone or with some vegetable acid, like ...

Polishes For Steel And Iron

The polishing of steel must always be preceded by a thorough smoothing, ...

Stove Polish

The following makes an excellent graphite polish: I Ceresine........... 12 parts Japan wax........ 10 parts Turpentine oil..... 100 parts Lampblack, ...

Polishes For Wood

See also Polishes for Furniture, Floors and Pianos. In the usual method of French ...

Hard Wood Polish

In finishing hard wood with a wax polish the wood is first coated with a filler, which is omitted in the case of soft wood. The filler is made from some hard substance, very finely ...

Miscellaneous Polishing Agents

Polishing Agent which may also be used for Gilding and Silvering The following mediums hitherto ...

Miscellaneous Polishing Agents. Continued

To Polish Paintings on Wood According to the statements of able cabinet makers who frequently had occasion to cover decorations on wood, especially aquarelle painting, with a polish, a ...

Porcelain Formulas

See also Ceramics. Mending Porcelain by Riveting (see Adhesives for methods of mending Porcelain by means of ...

Preservatives

(See also Foods.) Preservative Fluid for Museums Formaldehyde solution............. 6 parts Glycerine.......... 12 parts ...

Preserving: Canning

There should be no trouble in having canned fruit keep well if perfect or chemical cleanliness is observed in regard to jars, lids, etc., and if the fruit or vegetables are in good ...

Canning without Sugar

I In order to preserve the juices of fruit merely by sterilization, put the juice into the bottles in ...

Crushed Fruit Preserving

Crushed Pineapples Secure a good brand of canned grated pineapple and drain off about one-half of the liquor by placing on a strainer. Add to each pound of pineapple 1 pound of ...

Fruit Preserving

Express the juice and filter at once, through two thicknesses of best white Swedish paper, into a container that has been sterilized immediately before letting the juice run into it, by ...

Raspberry Juice

A dark juice is obtained by adding to the crushed raspberries, before the fermentation, slight quantities of sugar in layers. The ethyl-...

Strawberries Preserving

Carefully remove the stems and calyxes, place the strawberries on a sieve, and move the latter about in a tub of ...

Hydrogen Peroxide as a Preservative

Hydrogen peroxide is one of the best, least harmful, and most convenient agents for preserving syrups, wine, beer,...

Powdered Cork as a Preservative

Tests have shown that powdered cork is very efficacious for packing and preserving fruits and vegetables. A bed of cork is placed at the bottom of the case, and the fruits or vegetables and the ...

Pumice Stone

While emery is used for polishing tools, polishing sand for stones and ...

Putty

(See also Lutes, under Adhesives and Cements.) Common ...

Putty. Continued

To Soften Glaziers' Putty I Glaziers' putty which has become hard can be softened with the ...

Pyrotechnics: Fireworks

The chief chemical process is, of course, oxidation. Oxidation may be produced by the atmosphere, but in many cases this is not enough, and then the pyrotechnist must employ his knowledge of ...

Pyrotechnics: Rockets

First and foremost among atmospheric fireworks are rockets, made in different sizes, each requiring a slightly different percentage composition. A good formula is Sulphur............ 1 ...

Pyrotechnics: Colored Fires

The compounds should be ignited in a small pill box resting on a plate. All the ingredients must be dried and powdered separately, and then lightly mixed on a sheet of paper. Always bear in mind ...

Pyrotechnic Magic

Caution When about to place any lighted material in the mouth be sure that the mouth is well coated with saliva, and that you are exhaling the breath continuously, with greater or less ...

Pyrotechnic Magic. Part 2

Demon Bowls of Fire The performer has three 6.5-inch brass bowls on a table, and openly pours ordinary ...

Pyrotechnic Magic. Part 3

To Eat Burning Coals In the first place make a good charcoal fire in the furnace. Just before commencing the act throw in three or four pieces of soft pine. When burnt to a coal one ...

Rat Poisons

(See also Turpentine.) Poisons for rats may be divided into two classes, quick and slow. Potassium cyanide and strychnine belong to the first, and phosphorus and arsenic to the second. ...

Squill Poisons

The preparation of the squill as a rat poison can be effected in several different ways. Usually, after ...

Phosphorus Poisons

Next to the squill in value as a poison comes phosphorus in the shape of an electuary, or in pills. For readily preparing the electuary, when needed or ordered, it is a good plan to keep on hand ...

Arsenical Poisons

The following are some of the formulas given by Hager for preparing globules, or pills, of arsenic: I Arsenic, white, powdered...........100 parts Soot from the kitchen....

Strychnine Poisons

The strychnine preparations are also valuable in the destruction of rats and mice. The first of these in point of usefulness is strychnine-wheat, or strychnine-oats Strychninweizen or ...

Razor Paste Formulas

See also Pastes. The ...

Refrigerants

I Potassium nitrate... 2 pounds Ammonium chloride 2 pounds ...

Home-Made Refrigerators

I Partly fill with water a shallow granite-ware pan. Place it in an open, shady ...

Roller Compositions For Printers

Rollers for transferring ink to types have to possess special properties, which have ...

Ropes

To protect ropes, cordage, and cloths made of flax and hemp against rot, it has been recommended to leave them for ...

Remedies for Dry Rot

A good remedy for dry rot is petroleum. The sick parts of the wood are painted with it, which ...

Rouge For Buff Wheels

The rouge employed by machinists, watchmakers, and jewelers, is obtained by directly subjecting ...

Artificial Rubber

Austin G. Day tried hundreds of experiments and took out many patents for rubber substitutes. He was in a measure successful, his Kerite compound proving of great value and being a ...

Artificial Rubber. Continued

Another line of experimenting that is interesting, and that will yet produce good results, although so far it has not amounted to much, is in the use of cellulose. A very simple formula is of ...

Rubber and Rubber Articles

As regards the action of coal gas on rubber tubes, it has been observed that it is weakest on ...

Repairing Rubber Goods

First, clean off all adherent mafter, and dry thoroughly. Varnish or lacquer, as for instance on rubber shoes, may be removed with sand or ...

Softening Rubber

The hardening of gum articles is generally referable to these having been kept for a long time in some warm, dry place, though keeping them in the cold will produce the same effect. Hardness and ...

Treatment and Utilization of Rubber Scraps

The scraps, assorted according to their composition, are first cleaned by boiling to remove the adhering dirt, absorbed and adhering acids, salts, etc., as well as to eliminate the free sulphur. ...

Rubber Vulcanization

Besides the Goodyear, Mason, and other patented processes, the process now usually followed in vulcanizing ...

Rubber Stamps

Set up the desired name and address in common type, oil the type and place a guard about 0.5 inch high around the form. Mix plaster of Paris to the proper consistence, pour in and allow it to set. ...

Rust Preventives

(See also Enamels, Glazes, Paints, Varnishes, Waterproofing.) In spite of the numerous endeavors to ...

Rust Preventives. Continued

Emaille de fer contre-oxide is the name of an enamel which is said to protect iron pipes cheaply. The ...

Black Sheet Rust Preventive

Before black plate is ready to receive a rust protective coating, it is necessary to render the surface free from grease and scales, for which purpose the sheet ...

Magnetic Oxide

A layer of magnetic oxide is a good preservative from rust. To obtain it the objects are placed in the ...

Rust Paper

Rust paper is produced by coating strong packing paper with linseed-oil varnish, size, or any other binder, ...

Effervescent Salts

Granulated effervescent salts are produced by heating mixtures of powdered citric acid, tartaric acid,...

Basis for Effervescent Salts

Sodium bicarbonate, dried and powdered 53 parts Tartaric acid, dried and powdered..... 28 parts Citric acid, uneffloresced crystals...... 18 parts Powder the citric acid ...

Effervescent Powder Formulas

Magnesian Lemonade Powder Fine white sugar..... 2 pounds Magnesium carbonate 6 ...

Smelling Salts Formulas

I Moisten coarsely powdered ammonium carbonate with a mixture of Strong tincture of orris root........... 2.5 ounces Extract of violet..... 3 drachms ...

Sand Formulas

Colored Sand Sift fine white sand from the coarser particles and color it as follows: I Blue.Boil 106 parts of sand and 4 of Berlin blue with a small quantity ...

Sarsaparilla

Each fluidounce of Ayer's sarsaparilla represents ...

To Prevent Screws from Rusting and Becoming Fast

Screws will sometimes rust in their seats, even when carefully oiled before driving them to their seats, but if they are anointed with a mixture of graphite and soft tallow they will remain ...

Sea Sickness Prevention

I To prevent sea sickness, take 2 or 3 grams of potassium bromide dissolved in plain or carbonated ...

Pharaoh's Serpents

An old form consisted of pellets of a very poisonous mercurial compound which gave off dangerous fumes when heated. ...

Shaving Paste

An emulsion of paraffine wax, melting at 131 F., should be used. This is prepared with 25 per cent of wax ...

Shellac

See Varnishes. Shellac Bleaching In bleaching, ...

Shims In Engine Brasses

In taking up the wear of engine brasses on wrist pin or crosshead pin when the key is driven clear down, back out the key and instead of putting in sheet-...

Shoe Dressings

(See also Leather.) Acid-Free Blacking Lampblack...... 27-36 parts Bone black.......

Shoe Dressings. Continued

Boot-Top Liquid Solution of muriate of tin............... 3 drachms French chalk (in powder) .............. 1 ounce Salt of sorrel........ &...

Liquid Shoe Blackings

The following formulas make a product of excellent quality: I Ivory black....... 120 ...

Patent-Leather Polish

Yellow wax or ceresine 3 ounces Spermaceti.......... 1 ounce Oil of turpentine..... 11 ounces Asphaltum varnish.. . 1 ounce ...

Preservatives for Shoe Soles

I This preparation, destined for impregnating leather shoe soles, is produced as follows: Grind ...

Tan And Russet Shoe Polishes: To Renovate and Brighten Russet and Yellow Shoes

First, clean off all dirt and dust with a good stiff brush, then with a sponge dipped in benzine go over the ...

Paste Dressings for Russet Shoes

The paste dressings used on russet leather consist of mixtures of wax with oil and other ...

Waterproof Shoe Dressings

I Caoutchouc....... 10 parts Petroleum........ 10 parts Carbon disulphide. 10 parts ...

Waterproof Varnish for Beach Shoes

Yellow Water............. 150 parts ...

White Shoe Dressing

I Cream of tartar..... 3 ounces ...

Show Cases

Dents in show cases and counters, and, indeed, almost all forms of bruises on shop and other ...

Siccatives

The oldest drier is probably litharge, a reddish-yellow powder, consisting of lead and ...

Testing Siccatives

Since it was discovered that the lead and manganese compounds of rosin acids ...

To Remove Black Letters from White Enameled Signs

It frequently happens that a change has to be made on such signs, one name having to be taken off and another substituted. Priming with white ...

Silk Formulas

Artificial Rubbered Silk A solution of caoutchouc or similar gum in acetone is added, in any desired proportion, to a solution of nitro-cellulose in acetone, and the mixture ...

Silver Formulas

Antique Silver (see also Plating) Coat the polished silver articles with a thin paste of powdered graphite, 6 parts; powdered bloodstone, 1 part; and oil of turpentine. After the drying ...

Frosting Polished Silver

Articles of polished silver may be frosted by putting them into a bath of nitric acid diluted with an equal volume of distilled ...

Ornamental Designs on Silver

Select a smooth part of the silver, and sketch on it a monogram or any other design with a sharp ...

Silver Testing

For this purpose a cold saturated solution of potassium bichromate in pure nitric acid of 1.2 specific gravity is employed. After the article to be tested has been treated with ...

Artificial Slate

The artificial slate coating on tin consists of a mixture of finely ground slate, lampblack, and a ...

Snake Bites

About 25 years ago, Dr. S. Weir Mitchell and Dr. Reichert published results of their investigations of snake venom which indicated that permanganate of potassium may prove of material value as an ...

Soaps

(See also Cleaning Compounds and Polishes.) Antiseptic Soap I ...

Coloring Soap

The first point to be observed is to select the proper shade of flower corresponding with the perfume used, for instance, an almond soap is left white; ...

Garment-Cleaning Soap

The following is excellent: I White soap, rasped or shaved........ 12 parts Ammonia ...

Glycerine Soaps

Dr. Sarg's liquid glycerine soap consists of 334 parts of ...

Iodine Soaps

In British hospitals, preference is given to oleic acid over alcoholic preparations for iodine soaps, as ...

Liquid Soaps

Liquid soaps, or, as they are sometimes called, soap essences, are made from pure olive-oil soap by ...

Medicated Soaps

First make up a suitable soap body and afterwards add the medicament. For instance, carbolic soaps may be made as ...

Liquid Tar Soap

Mix 200 parts of tar with 400 parts of oleic acid, warm lightly and filter. In this way the aqueous content produces no trouble. Now warm the filtrate on the ...

Massage Soaps

I An excellent recipe for a massage soap is: Special cocoanut oil ground soap, 2,500 ...

Metallic Soaps

Metallic soaps are obtained by means of double decomposition. First a soap solution is produced which is ...

Petroleum Soap

I Beeswax, refined. .. 4 parts Alcohol........... 5 parts ...

Perfumes for Soap

From 1 to 2 ounces of the following mixtures are to be used to 10 pounds of soap: I Oil of rose<...

Pumice-Stone Soaps

These soaps are always produced by the cold process, either ...

Shaving Soaps

I Palm oil soap....... 5 pounds Oil of cinnamon. . .. 10 drachms Oil ...

Soap Powders

The raw materials of which soap powder is made are soap and soda, to which ...

Soap Powders. Continued

The best filling material to be employed when it is desired to produce a cheaper article is talcum, and in most cases this is preferred to water ...

Toilet Soaps

The question as to the qualities of toilet soaps has a high therapeutical significance. Impurity of complexion and ...

Recipes For Cold-Stirred Toilet Soaps

Parts by weight I Cocoanut oil............ 30 ...

Soft Toilet Soaps

Soft toilet soaps or creams may be prepared from fresh lard with a small addition of cocoanut oil and ...

Transparent Soaps

The mode of production is the same for all. The fats are melted together, sifted into a double boiler, and the lye ...

Miscellaneous Soap Formulas

Szegedin Soap Tallow, 120 parts; palm kernel oil, 80 parts. Saponify well with about 200 parts of lye of 24 Bé. and add, with constant stirring, the following fillings in rotation, ...

Miscellaneous Soap Formulas. Part 2

Soap Substitutes I Linseed oil......... 28 pounds Sulphur...........

Miscellaneous Soap Formulas. Part 3

Sand Soap Cocoa oil, 24 parts; soda lye, 38 Be., 12 parts; ...

Soap-Bubble Liquids

I White hard soap.. . 25 parts Glycerine......... 15 parts ...

Soldering Of Metals And The Preparation Of Solders

The object of soldering is to unite two portions of the same metal or of different metals by means of a more fusible metal or metallic alloy, applied when melted, and known by the name of solder. ...

Soldering of Metallic Articles

In a recently invented process the parts to be united are covered, on the surfaces not to be soldered, with a protective mass, which prevents an immediate contact of the solder with the surfaces ...

Soldering Acid

A very satisfactory soldering acid may be made by the use of the ordinary ...

Aluminum Solders

To solder aluminum it is necessary previously to tin the parts to be soldered. This tinning is done with the iron, ...

Brass Solders

Brass solder consists of brass fusible at a low temperature, and is made by melting together copper and zinc, the ...

Yellow Hard Solders

Applebaum's Compositions I Copper....... 58 parts Zinc......... 42 parts II Sheet ...

Copper Solders

The copper solders which are used for soldering copper as well ...

Fats For Soldering

I Soldering fat or grease is commonly a mixture of rosin and tallow with the addition of a small quantity of sal ammoniac. It is particularly adapted to the soldering of tinned ware, ...

Fluids For Soldering

I To the ordinary zinc chloride, prepared by digesting chips of zinc in ...

Fluxes For Soldering

The fluxes generally used in the soft-soldering of metals are powdered rosin or a ...

Gas Soldering

The soldering of small metallic articles where the production is a wholesale one, is almost exclusively done by the use of gas, a pointed flame being produced by air pressure. The air pressure is ...

German-Silver Solders

Because of its peculiar composition German-silver solder is related to the ordinary hard solders. Just as ...

Hard Solder for Gold

The hard solder or gold solder which the jeweler frequently requires for the execution of various ...

Solders For Glass

I Melt tin, and add to the melted mass enough copper, with constant stirring, until the melted metal consists of 95 per cent of tin and 5 per cent of copper. In order to render the ...

Hard Solders

Hard solders are distinguished as brass, German silver, copper, gold, silver, etc., according to the ...

Silver Solders

Silver solder is cast in the form of ingots, which are hammered or rolled into thin sheets. From these small chips or links, as they are called, are cut off. The melted solder can also ...

Silver Solders for Soldering Iron, Steel, Cast Iron, and Copper

I Silver............ 10 parts Brass............ 10 parts II Silver............

Soft Silver Solders

I A soft silver solder for resoldering parts already soldered is made of silver, 3 parts; copper, 2 parts, and zinc, 1 part. II Silver, 1 part, and ...

Solder for Silver-Plated Work

I Fine silver, 2 parts; bronze, 1 part. II Silver, 68 parts; copper, 24 parts;...

Steel Soldering

Dissolve scraps of cast steel in as small a quantity as possible of nitric ...

Platinum Solders

There are many platinum solders in existence, but the main principle to be borne in mind in jewelry ...

Various Recipes For Soldering

To Conceal Soldering Visible soldering may be obviated by the following methods: For copper goods a concentrated solution of blue vitriol is prepared and applied to the places by means ...

Various Recipes For Soldering. Continued

Soldering a Ring Containing a Jewel I Fill a small crucible with wet sand and bury the part with the jewel in the sand. Now solder with ...

Spirit

INDUSTRIAL AND POTABLE ALCOHOL: SOURCES AND MANUFACTURE. Abstract of a Farmers' ...

Extracts and Essences of Spices and Fruits

Extract of Tea It has been proposed to make an aqueous extract of the tea leaf, but the loss of flavor inevitably incident thereto would undoubtedly give an inferior beverage. From China ...

Sponges

Bleaching Sponges I Soak in dilute hydrochloric acid to remove the ...

Stamping

(See also Dyes.) Stamping Colors for Use with Rubber Stamps Blue: 0.3 parts of ...

Starches

Black Starch Add to the starch a certain amount of logwood extract be- fore the starch mixture is boiled. The quantity varies according to the depth of the black and the amount ...

Annealing Steel

See also Hardening Steel and Tempering Steel. This work requires the use of substances which ...

Coloring Steel

Black I Oil or wax may be employed on hard steel tools; ...

To Temper Small Coil Springs and Tools

To temper small coil springs in a furnace burning wood the springs are exposed to the heat of the flame and are quenched in a composition of the following ...

Tempering Steel

To Case harden Locally In case-hardening certain articles it is sometimes necessary, or desirable, to leave spots or sections in the original soft uncarbonized condition while the ...

Tempering Steel. Part 2

To Temper a Tap After the tap has been cut and finished heat it in a pair of tongs to a blood-red heat over a charcoal fire or the blue flame of a Bunsen burner or blow pipe, turning it ...

Various Steel Recipes

To Put an Edge on Steel Tolls Aluminum will put an' edge on fine cutting instruments such as surgical knives, razors, etc. It acts exactly like a razor-hone of the finest quality. When ...

Various Steel Recipes. Continued

Softening Steel Heat the steel to a brown red and plunge into soft water, river <...

Stereochromy

Stereochromatic colors can be bought ground in a thickly liquid water-glass solution. They are only diluted with ...

Manufacturing Artificial Stones

The following is a process of manufacture in which the alkaline silicates prepared industrially are employed. The function of the alkaline silicates, or soluble ...

Making Sand-Lime Bricks

In a French patent for making bricks from pitch and coal tar, powdered coke and sea sand are gently heated in a suitable vessel, and 20 per cent of pitch and 10 per cent of coal tar added, with ...