This section is from the book "The Dog And The Sportsman", by John Stuart Skinner. Also available from Amazon: The Dog And The Sportsman.
"See how the well-taught Setter leads the way, The scent grows warm; he stops; he springs the prey; The flattering coveys from the stubble rise, And on swift wing divide the sounding skies. The scattering lead pursues the certain sight; And death, in thunder, overtakes their flight"
Sporting books and journals abound in essays and instructions on the training and use of these high-spirited and intellectual branches of the canine family. We shall adopt, chiefly, in what we are about to say of them the advice and maxims of a friend, who begins with suggesting, that for a well-bred dog, (and no true sportsman will knowingly, trouble himself with any other,) the only breaking necessary, in the beginning, is to make him obey. After that his education is to be acquired by exercise in the field; and, of this, the Pointer, and yet more the Setter and the Fox hound, cannot well have too much.
The very first lesson to be taught a young dog, and what should be deemed a sine qua non, is absolute prohibition against springing up and resting the feet against the person. Much perseverance and patience will be required to prevent this bad habit, and yet preserve, between master and dog, a proper degree of kindness and respect. But, patience will do it, in every case, and the result will save to both, much serious vexation.
The young dog is generally taught to fetch; and this is most easily done at from six to ten months old; and, in some cases, even much sooner. Some sportsmen, however, prefer to omit this lesson in their instructions; contending that by being taught to fetch dead game, he becomes apt to "break shot" and flush the remaining birds.
We should, however, prefer to have him taught to fetch; and the plan recommended is to cover a bone with a cloth, which prevents him from biting it, while it retains a scent which enables-him to find, and induces him to take hold of it. Then, by throwing it from you, he begins to play with and fetch it; and this may be eventually taught as. a lesson, and enforced as a duty. You may now proceed to command him to fetch dead birds, without the danger of his mouthing them, as is generally the case when they are taught to fetch a soft substance. The pointing of a dead bird is not deemed necessary.
The best way to teach a dog to "come in" and which may be done in a few lessons, is to attach to his collar a cord of about twenty feet, which prevents him from running away, and which he should be induced to attempt, to prove to him the difficulty of escape, and break him to come in under the whip; at the same time studying his disposition, and chastising him in moderation. When a dog is thus far broken the greatest difficulty is over. His education is to be finished in the field by killing game over him.
The most simple words are to be used; and, as oh ship-board, as few as possible. Such as "hie away, when desired to go on. " Take care," "gently," "softly boy," when he seems excited, and too eager on the scent. "Toho," in a strong full voice, when he is on a point, as a caution to him to be steady. And, when far off, hold up the hand; and, in case he flushes his bird, he should be sharply spoken to, or slightly whipped. "Hold up," when the dog is raking, or running with his nose to the ground, on a scent. The dog which carries his head highest will always find the most game, to say nothing of finding it in the handsomest style.
"Down charge" for him to lie down, wherever he is, when the gun is discharged. Strict obedience in this is absolutely required. "Hie fetch" is the command to look for the dead bird. "To heel" when you would have the dog walk behind you; and, finally, the words " come in" when he is near; or a whistle when at a distance.
Instant attention to a call or whistle should be engrafted on his very nature, so that the slightest indifference to it should be deemed an audacity and receive commensurate punishment.
A dog should be taught to hunt to the right and left, and to quarter his ground, by a wave of the hand in the direction you wish him to go; and generally be hunted against the wind; but a well-bred dog will generally do so without any intimation from his master.
If when birds are found, any change of situation is made by the finding dog, it is certain that the birds are on foot; and any advance at that juncture will be premature. A few moments' patience at that time will enable the whole quarry to be embodied, procuring a fine flush. The birds in their flight from this position, thus brought together, will be more compact, take a similar direction to cover; and more of them can, consequently be recovered in a shorter space of time. At the moment of rise, as the object is not quantity, but sport, select a single bird for the first shot, and the nearest after that for the second barrel. As soon as the firing ceases apply the call instantly, and exclaim, with determined energy, "down charge;" and, without moving, calmly reload. If there is any motion it must be exclusively to enforce the command of down charge. A glance of the eye will discover whither the covey have taken refuge.
It is a maxim in hunting never to allow a dog to run ahead of another in a point, but either make him back, or come in to heel Besides the danger of flushing your game, it would be permitting an unfair advantage to be taken of the dog doing his duty in the lead, of both which a dog of nice sensibility will show himself to be conscious.
It happened, some years since, that a party was out, near Old Point Comfort, in Virginia, with a fine Pointer belonging to Mr. A-----. A small Terrier had accompanied them, and whenever the Pointer would take his stand, the Terrier would rush by him, and put up the birds. Repeating this vexatious, ungentlemanly conduct several times, the Pointer was seen to grow impatient At last, having found another bevy, as the Terrier attempted to pass him, the Pointer seized him, and placing his fore paws on him, held him fast, growling to keep him quiet, and maintaining his point until the sportsmen came up.
 
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