Idstone, writing in 1872, says that the Cockers bear certain evidence of being crossed with the King Charles, and this confirms my view that the King Charles was crossed with the Pyrame and Gredin, which were Gun Spaniels, and the crosses were sometimes called Cockers and sometimes the Duke of Norfolk's King Charles.

Rees's "Cyclopaedia" of 1819 says that the King Charles is of the most elegant kind; the head small and rounded, with the short snout, and the tail curved back. Its ears are long, hair curled and feet webbed. Our plate shows that a "short snout" was not what we now understand by the term.

In 1815 Charles, eleventh Duke of Norfolk, kept what were considered Sussex Spaniels. A picture of one of these by Lonsdale shows it to have been a curly black-and-tan dog, similar to the Spanish, French, and Italian Truffle Dog in shape and coat, but like the Pyrame in colour. These "Sussex Spaniels " had no analogy whatever with the modern Sussex Spaniel, but were a special breed said to have been kept only by the Duke of Norfolk. They had long ears, very large eyes, showing the white very much, and had white breasts. They, however, did not belong exclusively to Arundel, but I have traced them to other owners.

Blaine wrote in 1832: "King Charles II, it is known, was extremely fond of Spaniels, two varieties of which are seen in his several portraits. One of these was a small Spaniel of a black-and-white colour, with ears of an extreme length; the other was large and black, but the black was beautifully relieved by tan markings exactly similar to the markings of the black-and-tan Terrier. This breed the late Duke of Norfolk preserved with jealous care. That amiable and excellent lady, Princess Sophia of Gloucester, showed me a very fine specimen presented to her by that nobleman after receiving a promise, guaranteed by her royal brother, that she was not to breed from it in a direct line. Another was shown to me by the late Lady Castlereagh, received after a similar restriction. Even the Duchess of York could not obtain one but on the same terms, as she herself informed me."

The only picture of King Charles II in which I can find a Toy Spaniel is the one which was once in the Strawberry Hill collection. It represents a very tiny parti-coloured dog, probably black-and-white or liver-and-white, to judge from the depth of colour on the engraving. It had the spot somewhat elongated, a long tail, and very fine bone. It was the Holland type, not the French.

The Rev. W. Symonds' "Treatise on Field Diversions," in 1824, already quoted, says that the true Cocker or Gun Spaniel of perfect breed was called the King Charles, either black or black-and-tan or red. This is the first reference I can find to a red "King Charles," but it only shows that all small Spaniels went by the name of King Charles at one time, simply because King Charles liked them, but the description afterwards given by Symonds refers far more accurately to the large Pyrame Spaniel, and certainly not to the Toy kind.

There was a correspondence in The Bazaar, beginning in May, 1908, on the subject of a black-and-tan Sporting Spaniel, which I believe to be the Pyrame and King Charles cross, i.e., the Duke of Norfolk's Sussex Spaniel. A correspondent, L. B. F., says: "The dogs in question were Black-and-tan Spaniels, almost identical with the small King Charles Spaniel, but very much larger." He also says: "They were beautiful dogs and delightful companions. These I know came from a very swell quarter (ducal, I think)."

The Rev. G. O. Pardoe also wrote: "There used to exist a strain of Spaniels of black-and-tan colour not unlike a large Blenheim, but without the snub nose and goggle eyes. In fact they were among the Cockers of old days." He gives a photograph of a dog of this breed, and in a letter which I have from a gentleman who wishes his name to remain unpublished, he states that his father had these dogs about 1825, that he himself remembers them in 1832, and that they came "from somewhere far away." This gentleman's father had a pair of the dogs given to him. The first dog, he remembers, was called "Arran." The offspring of this pair were given away from time to time to various parts of England.

In 1807 a dog of this breed, belonging to Dean Pellew, was lost, and was never heard of again. The Dean afterwards bred from another pair, which was presented to him by a gentleman living near Tintern Abbey.

The writer of the letters to which I refer says: "I believe that a century ago the King Charles Spaniels, though small, were a good deal larger than the hydrocephalus, goggle-eyes production of the modern breeder." He evidently connects the two breeds, in which he is perfectly right.

An old print shows that the little curly Truffle Dog was of exactly the same type as the King Charles of 1819. The black-and-tan colour of the latter was obtained by crossing with the English Pyrame, just as the curly coat in the Pyrame was produced in like manner, by the same cross. The modern King Charles may, therefore, be considered the small Pyrame King Charles, and the Sussex Spaniel, now extinct, was the large King Charles Pyrame. That King Charles II ever had a black-and-tan dog is more than doubtful, though he may have had the little curly all-black dogs which were either indigenous Toy Water Spaniels or imported Spanish Truffle Dogs. The fact that an importation of these Spanish dogs took place about 1640 points to their origin as Spanish.

It is clear that all pet or "carpet" Spaniels of any and every colour were later popularly called "King Charles," until a very recent date, and continue to be called so even now by the world at large, who know nothing of our present show classification.

One of the earliest pictures I could find of a black-and-tan King Charles is dated 1847, and is a drawing owned by Mrs. Farndell, of Peckham, who kindly sent it for my inspection. There is absolutely no record of a black-and-tan Toy Spaniel under the name of King Charles before that date except the one called "Fairy," which belonged to my great grandmother, Lady Byron, and the one owned by Mrs. Todd, which are, therefore, the first in history.