"The Prince kept one of that dog's race until his dying day, and so did many of his followers. The most, or all, of these dogs were white little hounds with crooked noses called Camuses."

The attack spoken of apparently took place in Holland, and as the Prince and his retinue kept the dogs to his dying day, it follows that he must have imported them to England. A white Toy Spaniel survived till the time of Queen Charlotte. The crooked nose may merely mean a stop, or the dogs may have been Alicantes.

My deductions from historical research are as follows:

1. That the Red-and-white is the oldest breed and came from China and the Black-and-white was also an original Chinese breed. The Italian descendants mixed with Melitaeus, only appear to have been crossed in colour at the time of Charles II, producing the Tricolour of 1660, which was, however, different from our modern Tricolour. Italy carried on a brisk trade with China during the thirteenth century onwards, and even earlier, and the Chinese dogs were evidently imported to various parts of Italy, where they may have been crossed with the then indigenous so-called " Pomeranian" (one of the varieties of Maltese dog), producing the high-domed pointed nosed Veronese type. Malta and the Sicilian Islands were notorious manufactories of Toy dogs, and the inhabitants of some towns made a specialty for producing dwarf breeds.

The Holland Spaniel was another distant variety of Chinese Toy Spaniel, but it never had a short nose or a long feathery tail. The custom of docking its tail seems to have been an old one, as the Chinese Spaniel in the Chinese mirror has the tail docked.

2. That the Black-and-tan is a cross between the little curly black Spaniel and the Pyrame, and that these were not crossed until after 1800, as they were always previously spoken of as separate breeds. A replica of the original curly all-black King Charles still exists in the Miniature Toy Trawler, which is exactly similar to it in type, and which, if crossed with modern King Charles, produces Black-and-tans exactly like those in the beginning of the last century*

The whole red variety in England cannot be traced back more than eighty years, the first picture being a Landseer of 1830, though Van Dyck's picture of the wife of Philippe le Roy of the Genoese period two hundred years earlier contains a yellowish red Toy with white on head and toes. The first written reference to a whole red Toy is that of Mr. Garwood's Dandy in 1875.

I have traced the existence of an earlier one in 1828 which belonged to Mrs. Todd, of Newcastle, and a later one in 1850 - i. e., Mr. Risum's dog. It is also probable that the red-and-white and black-and-white Italian and French Spaniels were separate varieties up to the seventeenth century, and that the Black-and-tan and Ruby are now one breed, dependent on each other, the latter being a variant of the former produced by a cross with Blenheim, but the King Charles was in no way connected with the other colours until just before the middle of the last century, and the first result of the connection was the production of the Ruby, as I shall show presently.

The red variety with white on forehead, breast, and toes is a perfectly authentic one, and should certainly be allowed to compete in Toy Spaniel classes. It may be seen in Van Dyck's picture and also in a picture by Ter Borch, which belongs to Mr. Gerald Loder. The dog is a rich colour and quite unmistakable. This red with white is historically quite correct. It was no doubt a variant of the red-and-white Chinese Spaniel, such as is also seen in the Chinese bowl.

In England the dog which belonged to Mrs. Todd, of Newcastle, in 1828, had a white breast and toes, and was so small that it travelled to London in a lady's muff. Its mother was said to be a Black-and-tan which, if so, is the first Toy Black-and-tan on record, though Lady Byron's "Fairy" was the first of which I have any description. The Ruby was by mistake christened "Rollo" (a dog's name). She was renamed Rose by the London lady who bought her. The little thing had a tragic end. She was stolen and rewards were offered in vain. At last one day her mistress found her on the doorstep, with a bit of rope hanging to her neck. She bore evidences of having reared a litter and had doubtless escaped and found her way home, but it was too late. She managed to crawl inside the house, crept into her old familiar basket, and died.

The first black Toy Spaniel on record is in a Mignard picture of Louis of France, afterwards Louis XV, and his family (1660?). This is not a black-and-tan, but pure black, in the same picture there is a black-and-white dog.1

The French Black-and-white Spaniel was often not truly black-and-white, but silver-grey-and-white, of a most exquisite shade, and if any fancier should breed a puppy of this colour, I hope he will immediately let me know, as it should certainly be revived. It was evidently considered the best colour, as the richest people kept it. The colour red-and-white, shot with black, which was recently brought out at the Kennel Club Show, is also very interesting, as it approximates the curious colour of some of these French Spaniels, and may either be an evidence of the French descent or more probably of the Bulldog cross.

Louis XIV had a very pretty pet Spaniel called "Malice," probably the one in the picture by Larghil-liere.

It is recorded that when he got tired of Mlle, de la Valliere and took another favourite in Mme. de Montespan he used to pass through la Valliere's apartments to go to those of Montespan, and would fling the dog to Mlle, de la Valliere, saying contemptuously: "Tenez, voila votre compagnie, c'est assez."