Before using", mix forty to sixty drops of A with three ounces of water, and the same quantity of B. We generally use more water than that recommended in the formula.

Now it will be remembered that in bright sunny effects brilliancy, and therefore density, is needed; the gamut of light and shade is not so extended as in some subjects, for the shadows are bright with reflected light, but the whole must be brilliant and in a high key. In our opinion Dr. Eder's potash developer gives this better than any other. For snow scenes, on the other hand, where there are often very black heavy shadows, we recommend, as we have done before, the developer given by the maker of the plates, used in a weak solution.

No photographer need hope to obtain perfect results and exactly what he wishes, without resorting to local treatment ; and here once more the knowledge of the artist steps in and places him at an advantage over the craftsman, but no one without sound art-knowledge should attempt this local development. On the other hand, with a thorough knowledge of the tonality of his subject, the artist can, by local development, so modify his work that he will be able to obtain wonderfully true results. Let us imagine such a subject as a dark tree in the foreground of a landscape with a bright delicate distance. No manner of development will bring these into true relation unless local treatment is resorted to. Unfortunately, directions cannot be given for this work, for each subject will of course require special treatment; the rationale of the practice, however, is founded on the general chemical principles of photography. For use in local development, then, it is always wise to keep a series of small paint-brushes at hand; All three developers may thus be used locally with great effect. During local development, the plate should constantly be re-plunged into the developer, so that the local development may not show. We strongly recommend the student always to develop by artificial light, for by this method he will have a more regular standard to judge of the quality of his negative than if he trusts to the varying strength of daylight.

The best way of judging of the tonality of a negative is to hold it up from time to time before the light of the developing-room; correct judgment on this matter can, however, only be obtained by long experience. The student will be told in the printed directions - supplied with many plates - that if the image does not come up in 10 or 15 seconds, the plate has been under-exposed. This is not our experience, and, as a rule, the image takes longer to show than the time named. We prefer to judge by the way the image comes up. If the highest lights come up very sharply defined and turgid, then the plate is underexposed, but if they come up delicately, and detail begins to appear gradually over the various parts of the plate, all is well. But all this will only become familiar by experience. By constant habit the student will mentally run over the facts of the problem before him, as does a physician, and proportionately to his skill will he apply the right remedy at the right time.

After Treatment Of Plate

After development the plate should be well washed, and then placed in an alum bath. Alum acts as a scavenger, and clears up all the remains of the developer. Next the plate should again be well washed, and put in the hyposulphite bath. This bath should be constantly renewed, for as soon as it becomes well discoloured it is inadvisable to continue its use. It should not be made stronger than 1 to 5, 1 to 10 being the best proportion. Taking the plate from the fixing bath, you should wash it very thoroughly, and re-plunge it into a fresh alum bath, leaving it for a few minutes, then again wash it, and put it into a plate-washer, the water of which should be frequently changed. It can then be placed in a drying rack, and left to dry gradually in a dry room, where no dust is raised.

Duplicate Plates

It is, in our opinion, always well to expose two plates on each subject,-for the operator can thus, in a second plate, correct any error he may detect in the first. This is our own invariable rule, and the practice, apart from the better results obtained, has taught us better than any other method could have done, how wonderfully the plate can be brought under the operator's will. It is hardly necessary to say the first plate should be examined after development, by daylight, before proceeding to develop the second. Once having seen a beautiful thing in nature, the enthusiastic student will determine to get it perfectly, if it takes fifty plates and as many days to do it in.