The following courses have been planned for the Third and Fourth grades. They are four consecutive courses to be applied in the B3, A3, B4 and A4 classes, respectively. Although apparently separate, their inner organic connection constitute them one continuous course.

The sequence ought not to be broken, because the work is built up on its inner elements, i. e., a mere external view of the course does not wholly convey a complete idea of what it contains. In other words the models are built on exercises graded and arranged according to the nature and difficulty of performance. A distinction is made between a model and the exercises contained or united in the model. A model is one thing; an exercise is another, and a different thing. A model is the unit of expression of the set of exercises united in it. An exercise is a mental and physical effort as applied in the manipulation of tools and materials. Hence the course is a systematic unit for the simultaneous mental and manual training of the children.

Paper (cardboard, cover paper, bristolboard, tagboard, etc.) is a convenient medium of expression because:

1st. It encourages and trains in neatness and cleanliness.

2nd. It requires and admits the use of few tools in its extensive application.

3rd. It engenders artistic sense and taste by reason of its easy application in the production of real and ornamental articles.

4th. It is real and useful.

B3 Course

The predominant geometric elements or motives are the square and the rectangle. These are studied and elaborated by indirect repetition, i. e., repetition on advanced and varied problems; going step by step from the easy to the difficult, from the simple to the complex, from the known to the unknown. This repetition is not apparent to nor felt by the pupils, as each repetition involves new cognitions, new truths and new applications of the original elements. In this course all measurements are limited to the discrimination of inches and half inches.

The tools and materials used in B3 Course are lead pencil, ruler, right angled triangle, scissors, darning needle, linen floss or Columbia zephyr and paper.

Eyelets and eyelet punch are used to a limited extent

A3 Course

This course is based and enlarged upon the geometric motives, the circle and triangles, and as in the preceding course these constructions are repeated and applied under new and varied circumstances, each step increasing in difficulty of performance and complexity of nature.

In the A3 Course the same tools and materials are used as in the B3 Course, adding pencil-compasses and paper fasteners. Measurements are inches, half inches and quarter inches.

Eyelets and eyelet punch are used to a limited extent.

B4 Course

In this course the square and rectangle (oblong) are applied in advanced work, and tools and materials are the same as in the preceding course.

A4 Course

This course combines in its exercises many of the elements of the preceding courses and involves construction of polygons such as hexagons and octagons. In this course the same tools and materials are used as in the preceding courses, adding paste.

Knives may be used in the latter part of the Fourth Grade, on supplementary work. No covered work or so called book binding should be attempted as required class work. Some little surface pasting is done in attaching fancy paper to the outside of some finished models.

All measurements are limited to inches, half inches and quarter inches.

In all work, teachers should observe and gather materials and suggestions for improvements of the course. Such suggestions should be in the line of simplification and concentration.

Explanation

The drawings in this manual were made so that the figures for dimensions were to be read from the bottom and from the right hand side. The arrangement of the cuts compelled a change of position in many instances.