This section is from the book "Cassell's Cyclopaedia Of Mechanics", by Paul N. Hasluck. Also available from Amazon: Cassell's Cyclopaedia Of Mechanics.
Weather discoloured marble may be bleached with a solution of soap lyes and whiting-. Mix the soap lyes and whiting to the consistency of paste, and apply a good coating with an old brush. Let the paste remain on the marble for a couple of days, then wash off with clean water - rainwater for preference - repeating the process two or three times until the stains are removed. To make the lyes, obtain, say, 71b. of American potash and dissolve in a pailful of rainwater. The lye is of such a caustic nature that it is dangerous to fingers and nails. If, therefore, any of the liquid gets on the hands, they should be at once well washed in water containing a few drops of vinegar or acid.
 
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