113. A means for changing rectilinear reciprocating motion to rotary reciprocating motion and vice versa. Two intermeshing pinions engage internal racks formed on opposite sides of a frame.

114. Means for changing rotary motion to rectilinear reciprocating motion. A rotating sector or pinion formed with teeth on only a portion of its periphery imparts reciprocating motion to a rack frame by first engaging the teeth at one side of the rack, and then the teeth on the other side of the rack. See Figure 115 for gravity return.

115. Another method of converting rotary motion into rectilinear reciprocating motion. A rotating sector engages the teeth of a rack during a part of its rotation and thereby lifts the rack, but as soon as the rack clears the sector teeth, it drops by gravity, ready to be lifted up when it again encounters the teeth of the sector. See Figure 114 for power return.

116 A movement designed as a substitute for a crank. The rack frame is formed with internal racks on opposite sides, but these racks lie in different planes. Two separate pinions are employed which mesh respectively with these racks. The pinions are mounted loosely on a shaft, but carry pawls which engage with ratchet wheels secured to the shaft. On the forward stroke of the rack frame the pinions will both be rotated but in opposite directions. However, due to their ratchet and pawl connection with the shaft, only one pinion turns the shaft. On the return stroke the rotation of the pinions will be reversed but the shaft will continue to rotate in the same direction, driven this time by the other pinion of the pair.

117. Sun and Planet gearing. A gear wheel, called the "sun" wheel, rotating on a fixed center, is engaged by a gear wheel called

Copyright, 1904, by Munn & Co.

the planet wheel, which revolves about the sun wheel. This construction was used by James Watt in one of his steam engines as a substitute for a crank. The planet wheel was rigidly secured to the connecting rod and connected by an arm to the center of the sun wheel. At each complete revolution of the planet wheel about the sun wheel, the latter was caused to rotate twice.

118 and 119. Means for converting rotary motion into irregular reciprocal motion. In 118 two intermeshing spur gears are provided with crank arms connected by a working beam. If the gears are of equal size the motion transmitted to the rod secured to the working beam will be uniform. If, however, the gears are of different sizes, the motion of this rod will vary greatly. In 119 a still more complex movement is produced, since there are three intermeshing gear wheels of unequal sizes and two connected working beams.

120. Irregular oscillatory motion is given to a hinged arm by pivoting at its outer end a cam-shaped gear wheel which is rotated by a continuously driven pinion. Any desired motion of the arm may be produced by varying the shape of the cam gear.

121. Means for converting uniform rotary motion into variable rotary motion. An elliptical gear rotates at uniform speed and drives a spur pinion. The latter is secured to a shaft which slides between the arms of two forked levers. A spring keeps the pinion in mesh with the elliptical gear.

122. Means for converting constant rotary motion into intermittent rotary motion. The driving wheel is formed with teeth through a portion of its periphery equal to the toothed periphery of the pinion. The latter is cut away at one place to fit the plane portion of the driving wheel. This prevents the pinion from rotating until a pin on the wheel strikes a projecting arm on the pinion and guides the teeth of the gears into mesh with each other.

123. Means for converting uniform rotary motion into variable rotary motion. A crown wheel eccentrically mounted is driven by a pinion rotating at uniform speed. The point of engagement of the crown wheel with the pinion varies radially, causing the wheel to rotate at a variable speed.

124. The mechanism is so arranged as to impart planetary movement to a pinion. An internal gear wheel formed with a pulley groove in its periphery is mounted to rotate on a sleeve which carries a spur gear at one end and a pulley at the other. The gear wheels are belted to a driving pulley in such manner as to rotate in opposite directions. A spur pinion which fits in between the teeth of the two gears is rotated thereby on its own axis and revolves about the center of the two gears at a speed which is the differential of the speeds of the two gears.

125. The construction here shown is adapted to produce a slow forward movement of a rack with a quick return. The rack is mounted to slide longitudinally and is driven by a toothed sector. The latter is provided with a slotted arm which is engaged by a pin on a rotating disk. The forward movement will take place while the pin is passing through the larger arc subtended by the two dotted radial lines shown, and there turn while the pin is passing through the smaller arc.

126. A means for converting reciprocating motion into continuous rotary motion. A double-faced reciprocating rack engages first one and then the other of a pair of toothed sectors. The sectors are mounted on a pair of shafts, disposed on opposite sides of the rack. The shafts carry pinions which engage opposite sides of the central gear wheel. The rotary motion alternately imparted to the sectors, is conveyed through these pinions to the gear wheel, each pinion alternately acting to drive the wheel when its respective sector is in mesh with the rack, and then to be driven by the gear wheel until its sector is brought again in mesh with the rack. Thus a continuous rotary motion is produced.

127 Mechanism for converting uniform rotary motion into irregular rotary motion. Mounted eccentrically on the driving shaft is a gear wheel which transmits motion to another gear wheel through an intermediate pinion. Pivoted to the centers of the two gear wheels are two links whose outer ends are connected by a hinge pin on which the pinion rotates. These links serve to hold the pinion constantly in mesh with the gears, no matter what the position of the eccentric is.

128. Means for converting uniform rotary motion into variable reciprocating motion. A rack frame mounted to slide longitudinally is driven by an eccentric-toothed sector. The racks are placed at an angle with the line of movement and are provided with jaws at each end adapted to mesh with pins projecting above the face of the sector. As the sector rotates it transmits a gradually accelerated longitudinal movement to the rack frame until the outer pin engages the jaw at the end of the rack. The rack frame is then driven by this pin until the opposite rack is engaged by the sector teeth.

129 to 132. Mangle Gears. - So-called because of their use on mangle machines. 129. The larger wheel is formed with a cam groove which guides the pinion. The shaft of the latter is ordinarily provided with a universal joint, which permits it to move vertically and thus keep in mesh with the crown teeth formed on the large wheel. The pinion meshes first with the outer and then with the inner ends of the teeth on the larger gear, driving the latter first in one direction and then in the other. 130 shows another form of the same movement. The pinion moves radially in the slot shown in dotted lines, and engages first the outer and then the inner line of teeth on the mangle wheel, causing the latter to rotate first in one direction and then in the other. 131. The mangle wheel is formed with an internal gear, and the pinion is guided by a cam groove. This construction and that shown in Figure 130 produce uniform motion through an almost complete rotation, and this is followed by a quick re-turn due to the smaller radius of the inner circle of teeth. 132. In this construction, as in that of Figure 129, the same speed is maintained in both directions of rotation. The mangle wheel in Figure 132 is formed with teeth on both faces; the pinion first engages the teeth on one face of the wheel, and then passing through the opening engages the teeth on the opposite face, thus reversing the direction of rotation.

133 to 137. Differential Gear. - 133. Two worm wheels, one of which has more teeth than the other, engage a single worm. Suppose that one wheel has 100 teeth and the other has 101; then at every complete rota-

Copyright, 1904, by Munn & Co.

tion of the latter wheel it will be one tooth behind the former wheel, and at the end of 100 rotations the former would have made a complete rotation relative to the latter. If the worm be cut with a single thread it would have to make 100 times 101, or 10,100 rotations in order to produce this result. This construction is used on certain counting devices. 134. Two bevel gears are connected by a pair of small bevel pinions mounted in a frame, as shown in the side elevation 1. If the gear wheels should be rotated at different velocities the frame would rotate at the mean velocity. 135. A rapidly rotating shaft carries a gear wheel eccentrically mounted thereon. The latter is carried along into engagement with a fixed internal gear or rack, and is thereby rotated at a slow speed. 136. Two concentrically mounted bevel gears of different diameters engage with a third bevel gear. The latter rotates at the mean of the velocities of the other two. 137. A hollow screw threaded into a frame is formed with an internal thread, of slightly different pitch, adapted to receive a smaller screw, which is so mounted in the frame that it may slide longitudinally, but cannot rotate. If the larger screw should have ten threads to the inch, and the smaller screw eleven, the latter would move outward one-eleventh part of an inch while the former was fed inward an inch.

138. Uniform rotary motion converted into reciprocating rectilinear motion. A rack frame arranged to slide longitudinally is engaged by a toothed sector which meshes with the teeth on one side of the rack to drive the frame forward, and then with the teeth on the other side to drive the frame back.

139. Variable speed gear for producing fast and slow motion. It comprises two pairs of toothed sectors so arranged as to properly mesh with each other. The driving gear shown at the right is provided with two arms which carry studs at their outer ends. These studs lie below the lower face of the gears and engage studs formed on the lower face of the driven gear, as shown in dotted lines, thus guiding the wheels after one pair of sectors have moved out of mesh and before the other pair have come into mesh with each other.

140. Mechanism for producing increased or decreased speed on the same line of shafting. A fixed bevel gear wheel, A, meshes with two bevel gear wheels, B, which in turn mesh with a pinion, E, carried on the right-hand shaft. The bevel wheels, B, are mounted in a bracket which turns freely on the shaft of pinion, E. Each wheel, B, carries a pinion, C, which meshes with a bevel gear wheel, D, carried by the left-hand shaft. The change of speed from one shaft to the other is due to the planetary movement of the wheels, B and C. When the multiple of the teeth in A and C exceeds that of B and D the shafts will rotate in opposite directions.