This section is from the book "Banking And Business", by H. Parker Willis, George W. Edwards. Also available from Amazon: Banking and Business .
The simplest type of interbank relationship is that of collection. Bank A receives from a depositor a check on bank B. It credits this check to the depositor - that is to say, it undertakes to pay him the face of the check on demand. This necessitates action on its own part for the purpose of collecting the check from the bank on which it is drawn. It might send the check to the other bank and ask for cash, the messenger turning in the check over the counter, getting the money, and bringing it back with him. Sometimes this plan is still employed, but it is a primitive and unsatisfactory way of doing business. The second method is that of accumulating checks on other banks and eventually offsetting them against checks accumulated in the same way by other banks against it. This is called "clearing." A third method of disposing of the check is that of depositing it with some other bank - perhaps the one on which it is drawn - which thereupon gives credit for it. In this case the bank receiving the check is said to be a depository and the two banks are termed correspondents.
 
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