The subject of stockholders in corporations is so large that no attempt will be made to examine the general subject except as the subject has been peculiarly illustrated by decisions as to banks. It will be assumed that the general principles applicable do not need citations to establish their existence. It will be necessary, however, to state those general principles in order to show the connections of this subject. It is settled that a person may become a stockholder in a banking corporation just as he becomes a stockholder in any other corporation: (1) by a valid subscription to the capital stock; (2) by a transfer of shares to himself; (3) by estoppel. For the purpose of liability on stock it will appear that two different persons may be considered as the owners of the same shares. Any person competent to become a stockholder will be so held. Even if the stockholder be a married woman laboring under the disability of coverture,1 and in case of national banks, any person permitted by the laws of the place where the bank is situated may be considered a stockholder.2