As is to be expected, different men have arrived at different conclusions regarding the socialistic program which the state ought to undertake. We may in this connection notice four different groups of socialists: (1) Utopian socialists, (2) Fabian socialists, (3) Christian socialists, and (4) Marxian socialists.

The first of these groups, called the Utopists, was confined to France, England, and the United States. Among its member were included two Frenchmen, Saint-Simon and Charles Fourier. One of the most prominent Englishmen in this group was Robert Owen, founder of a communistic settlement at New Harmony, Indiana. In this country one of the best-known disciples of Fourier was Horace Greeley, editor of the .New York Tribune. These men had high ideals, and they made painful sacrifices in an effort to change them into actualities. The Fabian socialists are Englishmen. They believe that socialism will come when the people are once awake to its merits. To hasten this day the Fabian society of England offers prizes for essays and other papers dealing with socialism, which they print for general distribution. The group of Christian socialists lay great stress on the necessity of society following the doctrines of the early Christians, who, they contend, shared their possessions in common. One of the outstanding figures of the group was Charles Kingsley, a noted English preacher and the author of Westward Ho! and Hypatia.

More important for our discussion are the Marxian socialists. The chief figure of this group was Karl Marx (b. 1818; d. 1883), whose monumental work, entitled Capital (Das Kapital), is aptly called the bible of modern socialism. In this work one

Declaration of Karl Marx and His Friends, 1848.