This section is from the book "The Investor's Catechism", by Marc M. Reynolds. Also available from Amazon: The Investor's Catechism.
In name only, as nominal values are the named but not the intrinsic values.
They are stocks and bonds which the owners refuse to deposit under any agreement by which their position may be changed.
In Great Britain when an ordinary or common stock has been divided into two classes, one nominated as preferred, receives no dividend until the other called preferred has received a dividend. The deferred stock is called A stock and the preferred, B stock.
B, or preferred stock, is not the same as preferred stock in the United States. The United States preferred stock is called preference stock in England, and preference stock is sometimes divided into two or more classes, called first preference, second preference, etc. In the United States we class as first preferred, second preferred, etc. When there is only one class of preference stock ahead of an ordinary stock in England, the B, or preferred stock, is equivalent to second preferred stock in the United States.
A stock that cannot be assessed. Ordinarily nowadays, stocks are issued in non-assessable form.
It is stock on which dividends, if not paid, do not accumulate. If dividends are not paid for a period subsequently they can be paid without reference to the period when they were not declared.
Bearing or paying no interest. Money issued by the United States government is a non-interest-bearing obligation; the government pays no interest on it. Bonds issued by the United States government, since the government pays interest on them, are interest-bearing obligations.
One who negotiates the sale of promissory notes. A note broker differs from a money broker. The commission of a note broker is generally ⅛ or ¼ of 1% of the amount for handling the paper. It is paid by the one for whom the broker sells the paper. The buyer pays no commission.
Any number under 100. Usually if you purchase odd lots of stocks you have to pay on the Stock Exchange ⅛ to ½ per cent, more than for a 100-share lot, and when you sell you have to make a corresponding concession.
Used in speculative operations in stocks, meaning buying or selling at stated intervals, as prices decline or advance.
Buying or selling property to be received or delivered by the buyer or seller in accordance with the terms of agreement.
In speculation, an "option" is paying for the privilege of either receiving or delivering a specific amount of a security at a specified price within a limited time.
Stocks bought on the buyer's option, giving the buyer the option to demand delivery of the stock on any day within the time specified in the contract on one day's notice to the seller. In stocks sold on seller's option, the seller may deliver the stock to the buyer on any day within the time specified on one day's notice to the buyer.
When a dividend becomes due on a stock during the operation of an "option" on it, the dividend is collected by the seller of the stock, who holds it, allows interest on it and pays the dividend, with the interest on it, to the buyer on the settlement of the contract. When an "option" on a stock matures during the closing of transfer books, the seller of the stock gives to the buyer of the stock a due bill for the dividend payable when the dividend is paid, but the due bill bears no interest.
When more stocks are bought than can easily be carried and there is no demand, it having for the time ceased. It is then said that the market is overbought and a reaction of prices will probably follow.
When more stocks are sold than the bears can obtain or deliver without bidding up prices. The market then is technically described as oversold.
 
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