169 C. gigantea Radge. (B. t 151.) Spikes 1 to 3; erect, cyl., slender, near, the lower shorter, sessile, with ovate, acute, or lane. gls.; spikes 2 to 4, cyl, loose, staminate at apex, remote, the lower on long, exsert stalks, often nodding, with long, leafy bracts; perig ovate or globous, ventricous, abruptly contracted into a long, slender, cyl. beak, veined, smooth, divaricate, in maturity much longer than the lance-ovate, awned, white-edged gl.; culm 18 to 30 to 36', stout, longer than the broad, strong lvs. - Marshes, Ky. to S. Car. and La.

170 C. retrorsa Schw. Spikes about 3, rarely 1, often with a few perig. at the base; spikes 4 - 6, oblong, cyl., approx., dense-flowered, with long and leafy bracts, the lowest often remote and long ped.; perig. ovate-inflated, subglo-bous, rostrate, bifurcate, nerved, reflexed, twice longer than the lane. gl.; culm 15 - 30', scabrous above, large, stiff, and leafy. - Bright green. In clusters, about pools of water, common. The lower spikes sometimes have 1 or 2 smaller spikes attached to them.

171 C. Schweinitzii Dew. Spikes 2, rarely 1, upper long and slender, lower with a few perig. at the base; . spikes 2 - 4. oblong, cyl., subapprox., subrecurved.

rather close-flowered, lowest often long-ped.; perig. ovate-oblong, tapering above, rostrate, inflated, nerved, glabrous, bifurcate, longer than the subulate, subsetaceous gl; culm 6 - 12', scabrous above, very leafy. - Pale yellowish-green. Wet sandy grounds, N. Y., N. J., and northward.

172 C. mirata Dew. Spikes 2 or more, long-cyl., near, loose, with long, linear, rough-awned gls.; spikes 2, long-cyl., stalked, lax-flowered, suberect, bracted, yellowish, staminate at apex; perig. lance-ovate, slender, long-conic, rostrate, scarcely inflated, scabrous, oblique at the long-cuspidate beak, diverging, long-pediceled, equaling or longer than the narrow, rough-awned gl.; culm 2f, erect, very rough, stiff, shorter than the stiff, rough edged lvs.; light-yellowish green. - Greece, N. Y. (Bradley). (C. aristata, Boott, etc, but very different.)

173 C. longirostris Torr. (B. t. 77.) Spikes 3, short; spikes 2 - 3, cyl, quite loose-flowered, pendulous, subdistant, with filiform ped.; perig. ovate, globous, inflated, glabrous, long-rostrate, hispid, a little longer than the lance or ovate, cuspidate gl.; st. 15 - 30', rather slender, stiff, leafy below. - Bright green. On light soil of hedges in N. England and N. York, common.

174 C. Vaseyi Dew. Spikes 2 to 4, slender, the highest long-cylindric, the next shorter; spikes 2, often 3, long-cyl., loose, remote, bracteate, only the lowest long-ped.; perig. ovate-oblong, inflated, long-terete-rostrate, somewhat triq., serrate on the bifurcate beak, glabrous, veined, much longer than the lance-oblong glume; culm about 2f, erect, stiff, shorter than the rough lvs.; bright green. - Wet places, N. Y. to I11. (Vasey). (C. vesicaria β. Boott., etc.)

175 C. lacustris Willd. Spikes 3 - 4, erect, sessile; spikes 2 - 3, erect, oblong, cylindric, short-pedunculate; perig. ovate-oblong, tapering or lanceolate, bifurcate, glabrous, a little longer than the oblong, mucronate gl.; culm 2 - 3f, scabrous above, erect and large, with long and large leaves and bracts. - Light green. Marshes. Common. (C. riparia Muhl. nec Gooden.)

176 C. riparia Gooden. Spike 3 - 5, oblong, thick, erect, sessile; spikes 2 - 3, erect, oblong, often long-cylindric; perig. ovate-elliptic, contracted into a short, bifurcate beak, glabrous, about equaling or shorter than the ovate, mucronate, or oblong-lanc. gl.; culm 2 - 3f, scabrous above, leafy below. - Bright green. Mich. (Cooley) and westward. Distinguished from the preceding by its broader, more inflated fruit, and its oblong-ovate, mucronate glume, which often surpasses the perig.

177 C. aristata R. Br. (B. t. 58.) Spikes 2 - 4, cylindric, distant, close-flowered, erect; perig. ovate, oblong, nerved, deeply bind, very glabrous, long-rostrate, longer than the oblong, awned, greenish glume; lvs. and sheaths Villous on the under side; st. a foot or more high. - Bright green. Watertown, N. Y., far west and north. Is not this very closely related to No. 160 ?

178 C. utriculata Boott, (t. 37.) Spikes 3 or 4, slender, cyl., long, often bracteate; spikes about 3, long-cyl., large, often stam. above, subremote, the lowest tapering below, loose and stalked, with bracts surpassing the culm; perig. oval-oblong, drawn into a terete, tapering, bifurcate beak, smooth, veined, straw-colored, larger than the lanceolate, purple, rough-awned glume; culm 2 to 3f, shorter than the broad, stiff, nodous, netted, glaucous lvs. - Abundant in marshy places wide over the country. (C. ampullacea, β. Carey.)

β. sparsiflora. Spikes all very long (4 to 6'), slender, the spikes very loose, and more so below, the lowest long-pedunculate; perig. smaller and glume longer. - Watertown, N. Y. (Crawe).