Excavated

Hollowed out; hollow.

Exfoliating

Peeling away.

Expanded

(Of the base of a petiole) Conspicuously broadened, the broadened part not becoming very thin (cf. dilated).

Fascicle

A close cluster or bundle, as of Pine leaves.

Fibrous

Resembling fibers.

Filiform

Thread-shaped; long, slender, and circular in cross-section.

Fimbriate

Fringed.

Flaccid

Without rigidity.

Flexuous

Zigzag; bending alternately in opposite directions.

Fluted

Grooved longitudinally.

Foliaceous

Leaf-like in appearance.

Foliolate

With separate leaflets.

Forked

Divided into nearly equal branches.

Fusiform

Spindle-shaped; swollen in the middle and tapering toward each end.

Glabrate

Almost without hairs; with occasional hairs.

Glabrescent

Becoming glabrous.

Glabrous

Without hairs.

Gland

A small protuberance, consisting of one or more secreting cells.

Glandular

Bearing glands, or any protuberance having the appearance of a gland.

Glaucous

With a bluish-white bloom which may be rubbed off.

Globose

Spherical or nearly so, globular.

Granular

Minutely roughened.

Hastate

Shaped like an arrowhead, but with the basal lobes pointing outward nearly at right angles.

Heath-Like

Fine-stemmed and low, with small persistent leaves.

Herbaceous

Herb-like, soft.

Hirsute

Pubescent with rather coarse or stiff, usually relatively long hairs.

Hispid

Pubescent with bristly, rigid hairs.

Hoary

Covered with close, whitish or grayish-white hairs.

Imbricated

Overlapping, as the shingles of a house.

Incised

Cut sharply and more or less deeply and irregularly into lobes.

Inequilateral

Unequal-sided; oblique at the base.

Inflorescence

The flowering portion of a plant, and especially its arrangement.

Introduced

Brought in from another region, especially from Europe or Asia, intentionally or accidentally.

Keel

A ridge on the back of a bud-scale, etc.

Key

A fruit furnished with a wing or leaf-like expansion.

Lacerate

Irregularly cleft as if torn.

Laciniate

Cut into narrow, pointed lobes or segments.

Lanceolate

About four times longer than broad, widest about a third above the base.

Lateral

Said of buds which occur on the sides of the twig.

Leaf-Base

See leaf-cushion.

Leaf-Cushion

A raised base on which the leaf-scar sometimes appears.

Leaflet

One of the divisions of a compound leaf.

Leaf-Scar

A patch differing in color and texture from the rest of the twig and representing the place from which the leaf has fallen.

Legume

A simple dry fruit, opening along two lines, as in beans.

Lenticels

Small areas of loose tissue which appear as dots or warts on the surface of twigs.

Linear

Long and narrow, with nearly parallel margins, at least six times longer than broad.

Lobed

A rounded segment or division of any organ; (of a blade) more or less cut toward the midvein or base.

Longitudinally-Veined

With the principal veins parallel or nearly so to the apex, or almost to the apex. Lyrate. Pinnatifid, with a large, broad, rounded terminal lobe and small basal lobes. Marcescent. Withering without falling off.

Membranous

Thin, rather soft, and more or less translucent. Mucronate. With a short, sharp, abrupt tip. Mucronulate. Mucronate, but the tip very small. Multiple buds. Several buds in or over an axil, instead of the customary solitary bud. Naked. Said of a bud which is not covered by scales. Node. The region of a stem from which one or more leaves arise. Oblanceolate. Lanceolate, but broadest about a third below the apex. Oblique. Unequal-sided or slanting.

Oblong

Longer than broad, with the sides nearly parallel. Obovate. Ovate, but broadest above the middle. Obtuse. Blunt or rounded.

Olivaceous

Olive-green.

Opaque

Not shining or transparent.

Orbicular

Approximately circular in outline.

Oval

Broadly elliptic, about 1-1/2 times longer than broad.

Ovate

In outline like a longitudinal section of a hen's egg, broadest below the middle.

Ovoid

Egg-shaped, with the broadest portion near the base.

Paimately-Veined

With the principal veins arising from the same point at the base of the blade.

Panicle

A branched cluster of flowers. •

Papillose

With minute, blunt projections on the surface.

Parted

Deeply cleft; cleft nearly but not quite to the base.

Pedicel

The stalk of a single flower.

Peduncle

The stalk of a flower cluster.

Perennial

A plant living, and usually reproducing, through more than two growing seasons.

Persistent

Remaining after flowering, fruiting, or maturing.

Petiole

The unexpanded part of a leaf.

Pilose

Having long, soft hairs,.

Pinnately-Compound

With the blade divided into distinct leaflets or segments along a common axis.

Pinnately-Veined

With the lateral veins arranged along the two sides of the midvein, not arising from a single point.

Pinnatifid

Pinnately cleft to the middle or beyond.

Pith

The soft, spongy tissue in the center of stems and branches.

Plicate

Folded into plaits.

Polster

A cushion-like mass of vegetation.

Pome

A fleshy fruit of which the apple is a typical example.

Prickle

A spine-like outgrowth of the epidermis.