This section is from the book "Dainty Dishes Receipts", by Harriett St. Clair. Also available from Amazon: Dainty Dishes.
Take a pound and a quarter of fat mutton; cut it into pieces; add nine potatoes, two turnips, eight onions, half a gill of split peas, and a little celery-seed; cut all the vegetables up small; season with salt and pepper, and pour five quarts of water on the whole; let it simmer two hours and a half on a slow fire. The whole expenses will not exceed Is. 6d., and it will feed more than five persons.
One pound of split peas, one teaspoonful of celery-seed, a large onion, some ground and whole pepper, salt, and a beef bone or two, either raw or cooked; boil the whole together slowly two or three hours; strain it, and set it on to boil again slowly for a short time. Potato-soup may be made in the same way, but do not strain, and leave out the celery-seed.
Cut three pounds of beef into pieces the size of a walnut, and if there are any bones chop them up also; put it into a saucepan with some vegetables, such as carrots, turnips, celery, an onion, or some leeks, etc., half an ounce of salt and some pepper, a teaspoonful of sugar, and a pint of water; set it on a sharp fire for ten minutes, stirring it now and then with a spoon. It should form a thick, but not brown, gravy at the bottom. Then add six pints of hot water; set it on a sharp fire, and when it boils take it off and set it by the side to simmer for an hour; skim off all the fat, strain it through a sieve, and it is ready to serve. This is very good to drink cold during the night for invalids; but, when made for this purpose, the onion should be left out. This receipt makes about six pints.
Cut a pound of lean meat into thin slices; put it into a pan with two pints and a half of cold water; set it over a slow fire, to become gradually warm, after the scum rises, which you should remove; let it continue gently simmering an hour, then strain through a fine sieve; let it stand ten minutes to settle, and pour off the clear tea; a little salt and a few grains of black pepper should be added, and a little celery-seed and a whole carrot boiled in it improves the flavour. Veal or mutton tea may be made in the same way.
Boil two calves' feet, two ounces of veal, and two of beef, the bottom of a penny-loaf, a blade or two of mace, and a little salt, in three quarts of water till it comes to three pints; strain, and carefully remove all the fat.
Put the knuckle of a leg or shoulder of veal, with but little meat on it, an old fowl, and four shank-bones of mutton well soaked and crushed, three blades of mace, ten peppercorns, an onion, and a large piece of bread, with three quarts of water, into a stew-pot that covers close; let it boil up, skim it, and then let it simmer four hours as gently as possible; strain it, remove the fat, salt it to taste, and it is ready to serve.
Skin and divide the chicken in pieces, leaving out the back; put it in some clear water, with a blade of mace, a few white peppercorns, and an onion sliced; simmer till it is sufficiently strong, then strain, and when cold carefully remove all the fat. It may be drunk cold or heated again.
 
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