This section is from the book "A Dictionary Of Modern Gardening", by George William Johnson, David Landreth. Also available from Amazon: The Winter Harvest Handbook: Year Round Vegetable Production Using Deep Organic Techniques and Unheated Greenhouses.
Annuals, are plants which live but one year, and, consequently, require to be raised from seed annually. By a particular mode of culture some of them may be made to live longer. Thus mignonette will continue to bloom for two or more years if not allowed to ripen its seeds.
Hardy Annuals are sown where they are to remain in the open borders, in March or April, as the latitude and temperature may make expedient, of which the cultivator can readily judge; it is usually safe to sow them when the peach expands its blossoms. Whether sown in patches or broad masses, whether mixed or separate, must be left to the taste of the sower - guided by his knowledge of the colours of the flowers. These should be well contrasted. No one but an ignoramus would have many sorts of the same colour together. Every patch should be properly labelled, which is easily done by having some deal laths, one inch broad, planed smooth, cut into nine-inch lengths, and painted white. On these the names can be written with a lead pencil.
Dr. Lindley truly observes, that "It is possible to maintain a garden in a state of the greatest beauty from the first visit of spring to the last fading ray of autumn sunshine, by the simple practice of growing annuals and other plants of a similar nature in pots. And for this purpose an ample variety may be had for three-pence a seed-paper, without having recourse to any means more costly.
"Not that the common method of growing plants in pots will answer this end; on the contrary, managed as they usually are, annuals, in pots, are the most miserable objects in the garden, for the pots become so dry, from the continual evaporation of water, through their porous sides, that the plants are literally starved.
"The method to pursue in preparing pots for receiving annuals, is this: - in the first place, lay a crock over the hole in the bottom of the pot, then fill the pot to about one-third or one-half of its depth with wet moss pressed very close, and over that put rich light soil, in which the annual seeds are to be sown, or young plants are to be pricked out. The pot is then placed in a common pan, and the latter is filled with water in wet weather. The moss absorbs the water freely, and parts with it slowly; at the same time it forms a mass of moist materials, in which the roots of a plant will freely spread. By these simple means, the annuals are completely guarded from all the evils of dryness, and they grow with the same health, though not to the same size, perhaps, as if planted out in the open border. Such pots can be distributed over the garden, wherever a vacancy occurs, and will decorate the borders beneath trees and bushes, where no such plants will grow in the open ground itself. Their sides arc rapidly covered with their own lower branches, or may be concealed by the foliage of each other: as soon as one is shabby, it is removed, and succeeded by another in full beauty; and, by a little management, chiefly consisting in repeated sowings at short intervals, no interruption to the succession of flowers need be experienced.
Another advantage of this plan consists in the facility with which the arrangement of colours and grouping of individuals can be effected and varied.
"Bulbs may be treated in the same manner, and then will never be destroyed by the careless spade of the garden labourer. The only point to observe is, that each pot should rarely contain more than a single plant, unless in the case of species of very small size naturally, or of bulbous plants." - Gard. Chron.
The following is a good selection, and may be obtained at most seed stores. It should, however, be observed, in justice to seedsmen, that as the seeds of many annuals are extremely minute and delicate, so is the difficulty of causing them to vegetate increased, especially in seasons of too much or too little moisture, and due allowance should be made therefor.
 
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