This section is from the book "The Gardener V3", by William Thomson. Also available from Amazon: The New Organic Grower: A Master's Manual of Tools and Techniques for the Home and Market Gardener.
I was glad to see that "W. S.," in the September number of the 'Gardener,' is also an admirer of this charming hardy herbaceous plant. Having grown it with success for the past ten years, and found it to bloom much easier than described in said number, if you think it worthy of a place, I give you my treatment; for although I live within twenty miles of the granite rock and the wind-raked terraces referred to, I am not of opinion that locality makes much difference, as it flourishes as a creeper in the greenhouse as well as it does out of doors in nine small flower-beds which it occupies - only that in the greenhouse it blooms early, and frequently makes a second bloom about this time, 20th October; but the bloom does not stand so long in heat as in the open air. First, then, when I wish to renew or make a new bed, I excavate the soil to the depth of about 18 inches, then lay about 4 or 6 inches, tramped down, of old pea-sticks upon this; then I lay 9 or 10 inches of good old hotbed dung or rotted manure, beating 'the whole firm to prevent the bed sinking. Slightly cover with soil, then lay the roots pretty thick over the bed, covering with 3 or 4 inches of soil.
Afcer the beds may have stood a few years, to exhaust the manure, a mulching might be given as nourishment; but such is not necessary to guard against frost, as the roots are perfectly hardy without it - only, as the roots start early into growth, planting should be done not later than January; and by such treatment I have always had' them bloom fair the first season, and perfection afterwards. Previous to the young shoots coming above ground, I stick with decayed spruce branches 5 or 6 feet high, in a cone shape if circular beds, which they mostly are. This they soon cover, and after blooming, they are covered with little purple seeds, which also have a fine appearance; and as a creeper upon a house or wall, I know nothing to surpass it. R. F.
 
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