Dr. Hogg, an eminent English pomologist regards the best characters for a classification of apples to lie in the depression or calyx basin, and the carpellary walls of the fruit - that is to say, the horny walls that enclose the seed in the core. The little tube at the base of the calyx basin, affords also good characters for distinguishing varieties he believes. Some of these tubes are mere semi-circular depressions, while others are long, slender and thread-like. The shining, horny walls about the seeds are sometimes almost circular. At other times very narrow in proportion to length.