In England the Norway spruce is employed, known we believe in the English lumber market as "deal." Larches, of English growth, formerly employed, were found sadly wanting in durability. In America cedar is used where they can be had tall and cheap enough, but nothing is found better than chestnut, cost and durability both considered. Ten or fifteen years is the average duration of an American telegraph pole. The English are talking of iron posts, though it is conceded they cost four-fold those of wood.