Tulip Tree Or Whitewood, Ldriodendron Tulipifera.*(Shade Trees)

Unique in foliage and flower and deserving to be more planted.

Cucumber Tree, Magnolia Acuminata.*(Shade Trees)

Native in the Northern states; excellent.

White Bay-Tree, M. Glauca*

Very attractive small tree, native along the coast to Massachusetts; where not hardy, the young growth each year is good.

Of the foreign magnolias hardy in the North, two species and one group of hybrids are prominent: M. stellata (or M. Halleana) and M. Yulan (or M. conspicua), both white-flowered, the former very early and having 9-18 petals and the latter (which is a larger tree) having CM) petals; M. Soulangeana, a hybrid group including the forms known as Lenneit nigra, Nor-bertiana, speciosa, grandis. All these magnolias are deciduous and bloom before the leaves appear.

Mulberry, Morus Rubra*

White mulberry, M. alba.

Russian Mulberry, M. Alba Var. Tatarica

Teas' weeping mulberry is a form of the Russian.

Pepperidge Or Gum-Tree, Nyssa Sylvatica*

One of the oddest and most picturesque of our native trees; especially attractive in winter; foliage brilliant red in autumn; most suitable for low lands.

Iron-Wood, Hop Hornbeam, Ostrya Virginica*

A good small tree, with hop-like fruits.

Sourwood, Sorrel-Tree, Oxydendrum Arboreum*

Interesting small tree native from Pennsylvania in the high land south, and should be reliable where it grows wild.

Plane Or Buttonwood, Platanus Occidentalis.*(Shade Trees)(Recommended)

. Young or middle-aged trees are soft and pleasant in aspect, but they soon become thin and ragged below; unique in winter.

European Plane-Tree, P. Orientalis.(Shade Trees)

Much used for street planting, but less picturesque than the American; several forms.

Aspen, Populus Tremuloides*

Very valuable when well grown; too much neglected (Fig. 33). Most of the poplars are suitable for pleasure grounds, and as nurses for slower growing and more emphatic trees (p. 41).

Large-Toothed Aspen, P. Grandidentata*

Unique in summer color; heavier in aspect than the above; old trees become ragged.

Weeping Poplar, P. Grandidentata, Var. Pendula

An odd, small tree, suitable for small places, but, like all weeping trees, likely to be planted too freely.

Cottonwood, P. Deltoides (P. Montlifera)*

The staminate specimens, only, should be planted if possible, as the cotton of the seed-pods is disagreeable when carried by winds; var. aurea(Recommended) is one of the good golden-leaved trees.

Balm Of Gilead, P. Balsamifera* And Var. Candicans*

Desirable for remote groups or belts. Foliage not pleasant in color.

Lombardy Poplar, P. Nigra, Var. Italica

Desirable for certain purposes, but used too indiscriminately (p. 41); it is likely to be short-lived in northern climates.

White Poplar, Abele, P. Alba

Sprouts badly; several forms.

Bolle'8 Poplar, P. Alba, Var. Bolleana

Habit much like the Lombardy; leaves curiously lobed, very white beneath, making a pleasant contrast (p. 218).

Certinensis Poplar, P. Laurifolia (P. Certinensis)

A very hardy Siberian species, much like P. deltoides, useful for severe climates.

Wild Black Cherry, Prunus Serotina.* European Bird Cherry, P. Padus

A small tree much like the choke cherry, but a freer grower, with larger flowers, and racemes which appear about a week later.

Choke Cherr*, P. Virginiana*

Very showy while in flower.

Purple Plum, P. Cerasi/Era Var. Atropurpurea (Var. Pissardi)

One of our most reliable purple-leaved trees.

Rose-Bud Cherry, P. Pendula (P. Subhirtella)

A tree of drooping habit and beautiful rose-pink flowers preceding the leaves.

Japanese Flowering Cherry, P. Pseudo-Cerasus

In many forms, the famous flowering cherries of Japan, but not reliable North.

There are ornamental-flowered peaches and cherries, more curious and interesting than useful.

Wild Crab, Pyrus Coronaria* And P. Ioensis*

Very showy while in flower, blooming after apple blossoms have fallen; old specimens become picturesque in form. P. Ioensis flore pleno(Recommended) (Bechtel's Crab) is a handsome double form.

Siberian Crab, P. Baccata.(Recommended)

Excellent small tree, both in flower and fruit.

Flowering Crab, P. Floribunda

Pretty both in flower and fruit; a large shrub or small 'tree; various forms.

Hall's Crab, P. Halliana (P. Parkmani)

One of the best of the flowering crabs, particularly the double form. Various forms of double-flowering apple are on the market.

Swamp White Oak, Quercus Bicolor.*(Shade Trees)

A desirable tree, usually neglected; very picturesque in winter.

Bur Oak, Q. Macrocarpa.*(Shade Trees)

Chestnut oak, Q. Prinus,*(Shade Trees) and especially the closely related Q.

Muhlenbergii (Or Q. Acuminata).*(Shade Trees)

White oak, Q. alba *(Shade Trees)

Shingle Oak, Q. Imlbricaria*

Scarlet oak, Q. coccinea.*(Shade Trees)

This and the next two are glossy-leaved, and are desirable for bright planting.

Black Oak, Q. Vdutina (Q. Tindoria).*(Shade Trees) Red Oak, Q. Rubra.*(Shade Trees)(Recommended) Pin Oak, Q. Palustris.*(Shade Trees)

Excellent for avenues; transplants well.

Willow Oak, Q. Phellos* English Oak, Q. Robur

Many forms represented by two types, probably good species, Q. pedum-culata (with stalked acorns) and Q. seanliflara (with stalkless acorns). Some of the forms are reliable in the Northern states.

The oaks are slow growers and usually transplant with difficulty. Natural specimens are most valuable. A large well-grown oak is one of the grandest of trees.

Locust, Robinia Pseudacacia.*(Shade Trees)

Attractive in flower; handsome as single specimens when young; many forms; used also for hedges.

Peach-Leaved Willow, Solix Amygdaloides*

Very handsome small tree, deserving more attention. This and the next valuable in low places or along water-courses.

Black Willow, S. Nigra.*. Weeping Willow, S. Babylonica

To be planted sparingly, preferably near water; the sort known as the Wisconsin weeping willow appears to be much hardier than the common type; many forms.

White Willow, S. Alba

And various varieties, one of which is the Golden willow.

Tree willows are most valuable, as a rule, when used for temporary plantations or as nurses for better trees (p. 42).

Laurel-Leaved Willow, S. Laurifolia.(Recommended)

A small tree used in cold regions for shelter-belts; also a good ornamental tree. See also under Shrubs (p. 301).

Sassafras, Sassafras Officinalis.*(Shade Trees)

Suitable in the borders of groups or for single specimens; peculiar in winter; too much neglected.

Rowan Or European Mountain Ash, Sorbus Aucuparia (Pyrus Aucuparia).(Recommended) Service-Tree, S. Domestica

Fruit handsomer than that of the mountain ash and more persistent; small tree.

Oak-Leaved Mountain Ash, S. Hybrida (S. Quercifolia)

Small tree, deserving to be better known.

Bald Cypress, Taxodium Distichum*

Not entirely hardy at Lansing, Mich.; often becomes scraggly after fifteen or twenty years, but a good tree; many cultural forms.

American Linden Or Basswood, Tilia Americana.*(Shade Trees)

Very valuable for single trees on large lawns, or for roadsides.

European Linden, T. Vulgaris And T. Platyphyttos

(T. Europaea of nurserymen is probably usually the latter).(Shade Trees) Has the general character of the American basswood.

European Silver Linden, T. Tomentosa And Varieties.(Shade Trees)

Very handsome; leaves silvery white beneath; among others is a weeping variety.

American Elm, Ulmus Americana.* (Shade Trees)

One of the most graceful and variable of trees; useful for many purposes and a standard street tree.

Cork Elm, U. Racemosa*

Softer in aspect than the last, and more picturesque in winter, haying promi nent*ridges of bark on its branches; slow grower.

Red Or Slippery Elm, U. Fulva*

Occasionally useful in a group or shelter-belt; a stiff grower.

English Elm, U. Campestris, And Scotch Or Wych Elm, U. Scabra {Jj. Montana)

Often planted, but are inferior to V. Americana for street planting, although useful in collections. These have many horticultural forms.

Non-Coniferous Trees For The South

Among deciduous trees for the region of Washington and south may be mentioned: Acer, the American and European species as for the North; Catalpa bignonioides and especially C. speciosa; celtis; cercis, both American and Japanese; flowering dogwood, profusely native; white ash; ginkgo; koelreuteria; sweet gum (liquidambar); American linden; tulip tree; magnolias much as for the North; China-berry (Melia Azedarach); Texas umbrella-tree (var. umbraculiformis of the preceding); mulberries; oxydendrum; Paulownia; oriental plane-tree; native oaks of the regions; Robinia Pseudacacia; weeping willow; Sophora Japonica; Stercidia platanifolia; American elm.

Broad-leaved evergreens of real tree size useful for the South may be found among the cherry laurels, magnolias, and oaks. Among the cherry laurels are: Portugal laurel {Prunus Lusi-tanica), English cherry laurel in several forms (P. Laurocerasus), and the "mock-orange" or "wild orange" (P. Caroliniana). In magnolia, the splendid M. grandiflora is everywhere used. In oaks, the live-oak (Quercus Virginiana, known also as Q. virens and Q. sempervirens) is the universal species. The cork oak (Q. Suber) is also recommended.