The following list of shrubs (of course not complete) comprises a selection with particular reference to southern Michigan and central New York, where the mercury sometimes falls to fifteen degrees below zero. Application is also made to Canada by designating species that have been found to be hardy at Ottawa.

The list is arranged alphabetically by the names of the genera.

The asterisk (*) denotes that the plant is native to North America.

The double dagger (J) indicates species that are recommended by the Central Experimental Farms, Ottawa, Ontario.

It is often difficult to determine whether a group should be listed among shrubs or trees. Sometimes the plant is not quite a tree and is yet something more than a shrub or bush; sometimes the plant may be distinctly a tree in its southern range and a shrub in its northern range; sometimes the same genus or group contains both shrubs and trees. In the following genera there are doubtful cases: aesculus, alnus, amelanchier, betula, caragana, Castanea, Cornus (C. florida), Crataegus, elae agnus, prunus, robinia.

Dwarf Buckeye, Aesculus Parviflora (Pavia Macrostachya)*

Attractive in habit, foliage, and flower; produces a large foliage mass.

Alder

Several bushy species of alder are good lawn or border subjects, particularly in wet places or along streams, as A. viridis,* A. rugoea,* A. incana* and others.

June-Berry, Amelanchier Canadensis* And Others

Flowers profusely in spring before the leaves appear; some of them be. come small trees.

Azalea, Azalea Viscosa* And A. Nudiflora*

Require partial shade, and a woodsy soil.

Japanese Azalea, A. Mollis (Or A. Sinensis)

Showy red and yellow or orange flowers; hardy north.

Groundsel Tree, "White Myrtle," Baccharis Halimifolia*

Native on the Atlantic seashore, but grows well when planted Inland; valuable for its white fluffy " bloom " (pappus) in latest fall; 4-10 ft.

Spice-Bush, Benzoin Odoriferum (Lindera Benzoin) *

Very early-blooming bush of wet places, the yellow, clustered, small flowers preceding the leaves; 6-10 ft.

Barberry, Berberis Vulgaris

Common barberry; 4-6 ft. The purple-leaved form (var. purpurea X) is popular.

Thunberg's Barberry, B. Thunbergii. (Recommended)

One of the best of lawn and border shrubs, with compact and attractive habit, deep red autumn foliage and bright scarlet berries in profusion in fall and winter; excellent for low hedges; 2-4 ft.

Mahonia, B. Aquifolium*(Recommended)

Evergreen; needs some protection in exposed places; 1-3 ft.

Dwarf Birch, Betula Pumila*

Desirable for low places; 3-10 ft.

Box, Buxus Sempervirens

An evergreen shrub, useful for hedges and edgings in cities; several varieties, some of them very dwarf. See page 220.

Carolina Allspice, Sweet-Scented Shrub, Calycanthus Floridus*

Dull purple, very fragrant flowers; 3-8 ft.

Siberian Pea-Tree, Caragana Arborescens

Flowers pea-like, yellow, in May; very hardy; 10-15 feet.

Small Pea-Tree, C. Pygmoea

Very small, 1-3 ft, but sometimes grafted on C. arborescent.

Shrubby Pea-Tree, C. Frutescens.(Recommended)

Flowers larger than those of C. arborescens; 3-10 ft.

Large-Flowered Pea-Tree, C. Grandiflora.(Recommended)

Larger-flowered than the last, which it resembles; 4 ft.

Blue Spirea, Caryopteris Mastacanthus

Flowers bright blue, in late summer and fall; 2-4 ft., but is likely to die to ground in winter.

Chinquapin Or Dwarf Chestnut, Castanea Pumila*

Becomes a small tree, but usually bushy.

Ceanothus, Ceonothus Americanus*

A very small native shrub, desirable for dry places under trees; 2-3 ft. There are many good European garden forms of ceanothus, but not hardy in the northern states.

Button-Bush, Cephalanthus Occidentalis*

Blossoms in July and August; desirable for water-courses and other low places; 4-10 ft.

Fringe Tree, Chionanthus Virginica*

Shrub as large as lilac, or becoming tree-like, with fringe-like white flowers in spring.

White Alder, Clethra Alnifolia*

A very fine, hardy shrub, producing very fragrant flowers in July and August; should be better known; 4-10 ft.

Bladder Senna, Colutea Arborescens

Pea-like yellowish flowers in June, and big inflated pods; 8-12 ft.

European Osier, Cornus Alba (Known Also As C. Sibirica And C. Tatarica)

Branches deep red; 4-8 ft.; the variegated form (Recommended) has leaves edged white.

Bailey's Osier, C. Baileyi*

Probably the finest of the native osiers for color of twigs and foliage; 6-8 ft.

Red-Twigged Osier, C. Stolonifera*

The red twigs are very showy in winter; 5 to 8 ft.; some bushes are brighter in color than others.

Flowering Dogwood, C. Florida*

Very showy tree or big shrub, desirable for borders of groups and belts. A red-flowered variety is on the market.

Cornelian Cherry, C. Mas

Becoming a small tree, 15-20 ft.; flowers numerous in bunches, yellow, before the leaves; fruit, cherry-like, edible, red.

Hazel Or Filbert, Corylus Maxima Var. Purpurea

A well-known purple-leaved shrub, usually catalogued as C. Avellana purpurea. The eastern American species (C. Americana * and C. rostrata *) are also interesting.

Cotoneaster

Several species of Cotoneaster are suitable for cultivation in the middle and southern latitudes. They are allied to Crataegus. Some are evergreen. Some kinds bear handsome persistent fruits. Some are hardy North.

Wild Thorns, Crataegus Punctata* C. Coccinea*(Recommended) C. Crus-Galli,*(Recommended) And Others

The native thorn apples or hawthorns, of numerous species, are amongst our best large shrubs for planting and should be much better known; 6-20 ft.