Average list price per one thousand (1000) feet of drain tile quoted by dealers in New York (Fippin). Subject to large discounts

Prices, weights, and average carload of tile (Wis. Sta.)

Cost per rod of digging the trench, laying the tile, and blinding with four inches of earth (Wis. Sta.)

Drainage points (Fippin).

1.   Surface or open ditches are:

Of low efficiency,

Wasteful of land,

Expensive to maintain,

Harbor weeds,

Interfere with cultural operations.

2.  Stone drains are:

Not permanent,

They have a small capacity,

Therefore, are expensive.

Ten good rules

1.   Use dense, hard-burned tile.

2.   Water enters through the joints.

3.   Round or hexagonal shapes are best.

4.  An even grade is essential.

5.   Avoid tile smaller than three inches on low grades.

6.   Hill land may need drainage.

7.   Ditching plows are very useful.

8.   Carefully construct and protect the outlet.

9.   Depth in heavy clay, two to three feet.

10. Depth in loam and sandy loam, three to four feet.

Don'ts in land drainage (Jones, Wis. Sta.).

1.   Don't dodge the wet spots in cultivated fields. A few dollars spent in drainage will make these spots yield valuable crops and will make the cultivation of the whole field more convenient.

2.   Don't be content with raising marsh grass on muck and peat marshes. Drainage is the step that begins their adaptation to tame grasses and other farm crops.

3.   Don't condemn the muck and peat marshes on which timothy has died out once. Drain thoroughly and then apply barnyard manure or commercial fertilizers, as is done on uplands. In other words, give the marshes a square deal.

4.   Don't wait for nature to drain the wet lands without assistance. Nature alone did not remove the stumps and stones from the wooded, stony lands. Neither does she irrigate the arid lands of the West without the aid of man.

5.   Don't let damaging water get on to land, if it can be prevented. An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure in drainage.

6.   Don't think it takes a wizard to lay tile properly. Have a survey made sufficient in detail to show that there is sufficient fall. An intelligent use of this fall will then insure success.

7.   Don't install a part of a drainage system to which the remainder of the system cannot later be joined with advantage.

8.   Don't let the waste banks of ditches grow up to weeds. Get them sodded, and make them both valuable and attractive.

9.   Don't let outlet ditches remain idle when they should be working. Have surface ditches and tile to keep them busy.

10.   Don't spend a dollar for small ditches or tile on a marsh until an outlet is assured.

11.   Don't fail to give land drainage the attention and thought it deserves.

" Our marshes and pot-holes are evils that tell: Where corn shocks are thickest the land is drained well, But justice to drainage demands first of all, That we should drain wisely, or not drain at all."