What Is Meant By Animal Foods ?

"Animal foods are not the foods of animals as some might suppose, but they are the food products that are derived from animals."

In What Way Are The Animal Foods Different From The Vegetable?

"In many ways, although they contain some of the same elements."

Which Of The Animal Foods Do You Consider The Best?

"Milk is probably the first and most useful of all foods. At least, there has never yet been a satisfactory substitute as a food for infants, and as it seems to be Nature's method of feeding the young, we ought not, it seems, undertake to substitute a method of our own."

Why Is Milk The Best Food For Infants?

"Because it provides all the necessary elements, not only for sustaining life, but for growth as well."

Then, If It Supplies All The Needed Elements, Is It Not Equally Valuable For Grown People?

"It does not follow that such is the case, because they do not require any material for growth, but they do require proportionately more of heat or force-producing foods, because the surface of the body being so much larger the radiation of heat is necessarily greater. In addition to this the exercise and labor of grown people necessitate an increase in food for heat or force production."

An Infant Is Kept Within A Warm Room And Does Not Require Very Much Food For Either Heat Or Exercise It Needs Mainly Something On Which To Grow? "What Is The Composition Of Milk?

"The per cent of various matters in ordinary cow's milk is as follows:

Tissue-forming substance ..... 3 to 4 per cent.

Fat ...................... 4 per cent.

Milk sugar or lactose......... 3 to 5 per cent.

Mineral matter...............§ of I per cent.

Total solids being from.......12 to 15 per cent.

The remainder being water. T he analyses of human milk show a range of properties, as follows:

Tissue-forming substances .... I to 3¼ per cent.

Milk sugar................. 5¾ to 7 per cent.

Fat....................... 2 to 4 1/3 per cent.

Mineral matter.........1-5 to 1-6 of I per cent.

'It will be seen from this that a fair average would be:

Tissue-forming substances........ 2 per cent.

Milk sugar..................... 3¾ per cent.

Fat........................... 3 per cent.

Mineral matter .............1-6 of I per cent.

In comparing these it will be noticed that cow's milk contains a much larger per cent of fat and tissue-forming food and a much smaller per cent of milk sugar, than human milk."

Then, Considering This Fact, How Can Cow's Milk Be Best Adapted For Infant Feeding?

"By adding about twice its volume of water, a little extra cream and enough cane sugar to increase the per cent of sugar in the milk to that of human milk."

Why Does Milk Disagree With So Many People?

"Milk disagrees with many people because it is not properly used; at least, that is the main reason. The proteid or tissue-forming substance of the milk is known as casein, and the stomach has a milk-curdling element which at once coagulates the milk, i. e., separates the solid matter from the water, making it a solid mass of cough curds."

What Has This To Do With Its Disagreeing With People?

"Well, the particles of casein when formed in curds are too large for easy digestion by persons who have weak stomachs."

Can This Difficulty Be Overcome?

"Yes; one way is to take milk in small quantities, swallowing it very slowly, mixing it with saliva, and, if it is necessary to use a great deal, it may be given quite frequently."

Is This The Only Way Of Helping The Difficulty?

"No; there are many ways by which milk may be made easy to digest."

What Are They?

"That depends upon the difficulty. Ordinarily the casein is the trouble, but it might be the fat, as some people do not tolerate fat very well. This is especially true of consumptives. If it is the fat that causes the trouble, it can be remedied by skimming. If it is the casein, which is most likely, there are many ways of preventing the formation of large curds in the stomach. One way is to dilute the milk with water. That is a very good way when it is not convenient to use any other. Another way, perhaps more important than all, is to dilute it with alkaline or aerated waters."

What Do You Mean By Alkaline Waters?

"Well, by alkaline water we ordinarily understand a solution of bi-carbonate of soda or lime water."

How Are These Prepared?

"Well, for lime water, take an ounce or so of saked lime, about twice as much powdered sugar, and to these add a pint of pure water. The mixture should be share occasionally for some hours and then allowed to stand, and the clear liquid carefully drawn off."

Which Is The Best, The Lime Water Or The Preparation Of Soda?

"The lime water mixture is to be preferred when there is a tendency to diarrhoea."

How Is The Water Containing Soda Prepared?

"Take ten grains of common bi-carbonate of soda baking soda), about an equal quantity of salt, and a small amount of light magnesia. This may be added to a third of a tumblerful of hot water to two-thirds hot milk."

What Is The Principle Of Using Alkalies To Dilute Milk?

"The alkalies neutralize the acidity of the stomach and prevent the quick formation of large curds and makes them more easily digested."

Are There Any Other Methods Used For Diluting Milk?

"Yes; Milk May Be Diluted By Barley Water (See Barley)."

What Is The Principle Upon Which The Barley Water Makes It Easier To Digest?

"The fine particles of starch mix with the milk, and in that way separate the particles, or rather, keep them from forming too large solid lumps."

I Have Often Seen People Boil Milk. Does That Add To Its Digestibility?

"Boiling milk makes it more difficult to digest, because it coagulates the casein and renders it in a measure insoluble. It has this advantage, however: Boiling sterilizes it and arrests thereby, all fermentation, and by doing this the stomach may digest the milk, whereas, had it not been sterilized, the bacteria may have caused iermenta-tion or decay. It is better to heat only to boiling point. Mik so treated will often be retained when all other meth-ods fail"