The only pure carbohydrate used in the calorimeter experiments was sucrose. The fear of digestive disturbances, which subsequent experimenting proved groundless, led us to consider the possibility of some other type of sugar and a patent preparation was therefore used. The results of four analyses of this material show, on the average, about 39 per cent of maltose, 27 per cent of dextrose, and 34 per cent of water. Four experiments were made with this material in Middletown, and one with J. J. C. in Boston.

Dr. R., February 21, 1907

In the first experiment with this food material 458 grams were eaten, with a total energy of 1,382 calories. From the analysis it can be seen that a considerable part of the material was water and that the dry matter was practically pure carbohydrate.

This subject had previously used the maltose-dextrose mixture in his daily diet and was thus accustomed to it. In all of the four 2-hour periods a striking rise in the carbon-dioxide production was noted. (See table 105.) Singularly the oxygen consumption was almost invariably below the basal requirement, which, in this instance, was determined on the preceding day. This deficiency we are unable to explain. The heat production was increased during all of the four periods, this being in conformity with the increase in the carbon-dioxide production. The abnormal values for the oxygen consumption in part explain the high respiratory quotients, which are, in two instances, 1.19 and 1.16. In all probability there was an error in the measurement of the oxygen consumption.

Table 105. - Dr. R., February 21, 1907. Sitting. (2-Hour Periods). Maltose-Dextrose Mixture

Amount, 458 grams; energy, 1,382 cals.; from carbohydrates, 100 p. ct. Basal values (February 20, 1907): CO2, 48 grams; O2, 45 grams; heat,1 146 cals. Nitrogen in urine, 0.55 gram per 2 hours (February 21, 1907).

1Heat eliminated corrected for change in body-weight,but not for change in body-temperature. 2Sample included amount for about l 1/4 hours preceding taking of maltose-dextrose mixture.

A. H. M., March 28, 1907

The results obtained after the subject had taken 307 grams of the maltose-dextrose mixture, with an energy value of 927 calories, are given in table 106. During the four 2-hour periods there was the usual noticeable increase in the carbon-dioxide production, a total increase of 15 grams in the oxygen consumption, and in every period an increase in the heat production, although the increase in the latter factor was but slight in the fourth period. The general picture points towards a distinct increase in the metabolism after the ingestion of the maltose-dextrose mixture. The respiratory quotients were high, as would be expected; the last value is undoubtedly erroneous.

Table 106. - A. H. M., March 28, 1907. Sitting. (2-Hour Periods). Maltose-Dextrose Mixture1

Amount. 307 grams; energy, 927 cals.; from carbohydrates, 100 p. ct. Basal values (March 6 and 9, 1907): CO*, 51 grams; O2, 46 grams; heat, 164 cals.

1Subject took maltose-dextrose mixture, together with 144 grams water, in 17 minutes. 2Heat eliminated corrected for change in body-weight, but not for change in body-temperature. 3Sample included amount for about 2 hours preceding taking of maltose-dextrose mixture.

A. L. L., May 13, 1907

The subject took 299 grams of the maltose-dextrose mixture with an energy value of 902 calories. According to the data in table 107, the carbon-dioxide production increased considerably in the first three periods, but practically no increment was found in the oxygen consumption. A distinct increase in the heat production may be noted in the first two periods; the values in the last two periods were irregular, but on the average there was clearly an increment in the last 4 hours. The respiratory quotients were extraordinarily high, this being due in part to the increment in the carbon-dioxide production and in part to the absence of increment in the oxygen consumption. The values for the oxygen consumption, which show a definite decrease in the last three periods, are obviously wrong.

Table 107. - A. L. L., May 13, 1907. Sitting. (2-Hour Periods). Maltose-Dextrose Mixture

Amount, 299 grams; energy, 902 cals.; from carbohydrates, 100 p. ct. Basal values (May 4, 1907): CO2, 51 grams; O2, 43 grams; heat,1 158 cals.

1Heat eliminated corrected for change in body-weight, but not for change in body-temperature. 2Sample included amount for about 2 hours preceding the taking of maltose-dextrose mixture.

E. H. B., May 14, 1907

The subject was given 431 grams of the maltose-dextrose mixture with an energy value of 1,301 calories. An examination of table 108 shows the usual striking increase in the carbon-dioxide production throughout the entire experiment. There was also an increase in the oxygen consumption in the first period, with practically no change in the subsequent periods, and an increase in the heat production in the first three periods with a slight loss in the last period. The evidence clearly points towards a distinct increase in metabolism as a result of the ingestion of carbohydrate.

Table 108. - E. H. B., May H, 1907. Sitting. (2-Hour Periods). Maltose-Dextrose Mixture

Amount, 431 grams; energy, 1,301 cals.; from carbohydrates, 100 p. ct. Nitrogen in urine 1.20 grams per 2 hours. Basal values (March 7 and 13, 1907): CO2, 58 grams; O2, 48 grams; heat, 179 cals.

1Subject took maltose-dextrose mixture in 30 minutes.

2Heat eliminated corrected for change in body-weight, but not for change in body-temperature.