The observations of Mori (17) mentioned above refer to about fourteen hundred cases of xerophthalmia among children between the ages of two and five years, which occurred in Japan in 1905-1907. These children exhibited keratomalacia as well as xerosis of the conjunctiva. This syndrome is known in Japan as hikan. Mori states that the disease does not occur among fisher folk, but among people whose diet is largely of vegetable origin. The children suffered from diarrhea in the summer time in addition to the eye lesion. The diet consisted of "rice, barley, cereals, beans and other vegetables." The nature of the other vegetables and the relative amounts of the different articles in the diet were not stated. Prompt relief of the eye symptoms was observed when cod liver oil was administered. Chicken livers and eel fat were also found to be effective as a remedy. The successful treatment of xerophthalmia in these children by the administration of cod liver oil, or by the feeding of a glandular organ, such as liver, affords very strong evidence that the ophthalmia was the same condition as has been produced experimentally in animals, since it is relieved by the addition to the diet of fat-soluble A.