Fig. 143 shows a haunched mortise and tenon joint having a long and short shoulder. This is a fairly common joint in framed partitions for offices, framing for greenhouses, tool sheds, etc., and is a frequent source of annoyance to the amateur. It is necessary to use this joint when both the stiles and uprights are rebated, and it calls for accurate marking out and great care in the making.

Fig 143. - Long and Short Shouldered Tenon.

Fig. 144. - Joint for Fencing.

Fig. 145. - Example of Faulty Tenon.

Fig. 144 shows the upright and rails of common garden or field fencing. The tenons are bevelled to fit and wedge each other in the mortise. The illustration gives both cross rails as shouldered, but in many cases shoulders are omitted when the rails are not thick enough to carry them.

Fig. 145 indicates faulty methods of working a tenon. At A the saw has been allowed to run too far when cutting the shoulder, thus greatly weakening the tenon. At B faulty sawing has again occurred, and to remedy this defect the worker has resorted to paring the shoulder with a chisel. Had the chisel been usedvertically an undercut shoulder (as at B) would not have occurred. The trouble now is that the slightest amount of shrinkage in the width of the stile will show an open joint. The result will be the same if it is necessary to remove a shaving or two when planing or levelling up the face of the frame.

Fig. 146. - Self-wedging Japanese Tenon Joint.

Fig. 147. - Tenoned and Scribed Joint.

A Japanese Tenoned Joint, little known and rarely used in this country, is shown at Fig. 146 . For clearness the two parts are here shown separate. The joint is self-wedging and will be of interest to Handicraft Instructors.

A Tenoned and Scribed Jointis seen at Fig. 147 . The cross rail is cut at the shoulder, so as to fit the mouldingwhich is worked on the stile. This is a good joint in everyday use.