The limiting adjectives this and that, which are commonly called demonstrative, differ from most adjectives in that they are inflected for number (the plural forms are these and those). We must therefore take pains to use the singular forms with the collective nouns kind, class, and sort, which are grammatically singular. For example,

1. Do you like this kind of apples ?

2. I prefer that kind of pens.

3. We all enjoy that sort of man.

97. Articles

Articles limit nouns as really as do other limiting adjectives, and it is important to remember that the omission or addition of one of these little words will change the meaning.

"I know a poet and novelist" means that the same man is both poet and novelist. "I know a poet and a novelist" means that I know two men, the one a poet and the other a novelist.

Exercise

288. Explain the following:

1. The red and white flag. 2. The red and white flags. 3. The red and the white flags. 4. The red, white, and blue flags. 5. The red, the white, and the blue flags. 6. The red and white, and the blue flags. 7. The red, and the white and blue flags. 8. I saw a black and and a white cow. 9. I saw a black and white cow.

98. Adjective Or Adverb

Sometimes you may be uncertain whether you need an adjective or an adverb. If you are describing the subject or the object, use an adjective; if you are modifying the verb, use an adverb. In " He looks happy and "He is happy" the adjective goes with the subject; in "He made us happy," with the object. In "He speaks happily" we learn about his manner of speaking. In general, use an adjective whenever you can substitute some form of "be" for the verb; in other cases use an adverb.

Exercise

284. In these sentences, tell what each adjective or adverb modifies:

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1. The sun shines hot. 2. She flushed hotly. 3. The moon shines bright. 4. The flowers smell sweet. 5. She smiled so sweetly that Mary soon forgave her. 6. We reached home safe (safely). 7. He fell unconscious (unconsciously). 8. I found my opponent quick (quickly). 9. The father looked gravely at the son. 10. The boy looked grave. 11. Our fathers came here to enjoy their religion free and unmolested. 12. They made the roof tight.