A Clause is a group of words consisting of a subject and a predicate and used like an adjective, an adverb, or a noun. It is a dependent statement, or proposition. From this definition it will be seen that there are three kinds of clauses, - adjective clauses, adverbial clauses, and noun clauses.

Exercise 87

Select the essential elements of these sentences. Select the clauses and tell how each is used.

1. Mother said that I was mistaken about the time of the party.

2. I invited the girl who has just joined our class.

3. Plant peonies where they will have sun most of the day.

4. The dog that is running by is a Scotch collie.

5. She went home because a friend came to see her.

6. I wish you lived near me.

7. "Haste makes waste" is a common saying.

8. The spot where I planted the bulbs was too shady.

9. Start at once for the lecture so that you may get a good seat.

Exercise 88

Select essential elements of independent propositions. Classify the adjuncts that consist of more than one word according to both use and form.

1. The book on the table is mine.

2. The man riding by is my cousin.

3. He went when the clock struck five.

4. The float drawn by four white ponies took the prize.

5. The apples that are on the ground are imperfect.

6. When I heard of her sickness I wrote to her.

7. She heard the news upon her arrival in San Francisco.

8. She has gone East that she may study art.

9. The woman sitting by the window is an invalid.

10. She praised him for his honesty.

11. She makes brown bread as I do.

12. People who are intelligent do not form hasty judgments.

13. She lives in a land of perpetual summer.

14. This poem, written by Longfellow, is very musical.

Exercise 89

In Exercise 88 find four adjective phrases that have a verbal for the first word.