An Independent Expression is an expression that has some connection in thought but no grammatical connection with the rest of the sentence.

A Nominative of Address (§ 153) is used independently.

An Interjection is a word used independently to ex-press sudden feeling but not used as a name.

Examples : Oh, O, alas, ah, heigh-ho.

An Absolute Phrase is an independent expression con-sisting of a noun or a pronoun and its adjunct. The first word of the adjunct is generally a verbal; thus:

Mary being tired, we went home early; Robin Hood turned away, the sheriff following him; The planting is generally done in beds, the seeds being sown broadcast.