As Emb is frequently employed in professional work to represent the words may be, sign 3 in Exercise, Way-Emb may be quite as readily employed for the phrase we may be, sign 3 in Exercise. This is on the principle that, as the letter Way represents we, the letter M, may, and B the verb be: therefore, Way-Emb, which really contains the consonant elements of all three words, can quite consistently be written for them altogether. Reasoning from this point of view, as Ith on the line spells they and the letter R will do for are, the combination Thr will answer for the phrase they are, as in sign 1 in Exercise. Upon the same plan, as the word will is represented as a word-abbreviation by the letter L, we may occasionally use the hook L for the word will or even all, as in signs 6 to 17 in Exercise, and the N hook for the words own, been, than or one, as in signs 18 to 26 in Exercise. As sign 26 represents at one, sign 27 would, of course, by making the N hook into a circle, represent the words at once. To the word-signs or, but, etc., and to any halved characters, such as did, the N hook can be used for the word not, as in signs 40, 41 and 42. To full sized characters, however, such as do, had, be, have, etc., the word not must be spelled by writing an N hook and halving the words do, had, etc., to add the T of not, as in signs 44 to 53 inclusive. We will not, sign 49, is a case in point. In that outline, analyzed, we find the beginning hook-Way represents we, the letter L, will, and the final N hook, together with the shortening of the entire combination to add T, indicates not. Result: We will not. May not, sign 53, and other similar abbreviations, are subject to the same manner of analysis, the letter T being quite correctly added after a final hook by shortening the main consonant to which the hook is attached. Signs 57 and 58 illustrate instances where not must be written with a halved N to distinguish might and meant, to which not is there attached. Continuing the above plan, the words are and our may be represented by the hook R (signs 29 to 34 and 36 to 39) and off, forth, of, if ox have by the V hook (signs 59 to 76). Signs 35 and 36 show how your and our are distinguished in such combinations.

The circle-S may be quite legibly employed to represent the pronoun us, when joined to some words. Signs 79 to 81 in Exercise. In many words possessing the same consonants, a difference of outline is taken advantage of, in order to aid legibility. The words last, lost and lowest possess the same consonant sounds (L-S-T) and have some position vowels, but should be distinguished by indicating the consonants in the three different ways shown by signs 90 to 92 in Exercise, the most frequently occurring word being given the shortest and easiest made outline. Other instances of distinction are illustrated in signs 95 to 102.

Without regard to size, when there is a choice, make use of such outlines for word representation, as are easiest made and afterwards interpreted. Thus, though both the outlines of sign 103 are proper ones for the word murder, yet the largest sign is best, because the crook in the shorter sign, caused by the juncture of R, necessitates the expenditure of more time than is required for making an uninterrupted outline such as the large outline for murder presents.

As illustrated in Lesson IV (Additional Use Of The Visible Vowels), by the word customary (sign 67 in Exercise to that lesson) many words are perfectly familiar by their consonant outline alone, and hence are written in the second position, that position being the easiest in which to write. Some of the word-abbreviations are of that character, and so are the outlines for the words saitJi and said (pronounced seth and sed) and also survey and circle, signs 105 to 109 in this lesson.

In sign 5 in Exercise, the word certain is written cert, the letter N being omitted. This is one of a number of easily remembered contractions which the student will meet with in these concluding lessons and which are to be accepted unconditionally as being the best forms for those words. Many of such contractions are really word-abbreviations, which it was thought best, for the purpose of memorizing, to give the pupils in their Exercises rather than arranged in the list-forms. The words in the sentences of this Exercise are also words of this character.

In fact, there is no precise limit at which one need stop in this matter of abbreviations, providing the student keeps within the bounds of legibility, the latter being a matter upon which every phonographer must bring individual judgment to bear - those whose memory is more retentive than their fingers are agile, being able to abbreviate with more safety than persons whose quickness of hand exceeds their capacity for memorizing - the latter class not needing as much abbreviation as the former. But do not permit the thirst for abbreviations to interfere with the representation of,