77. Briefer Signs Supplied

With the signs already given it is possible to write any word in the language in a manner phonetically correct and complete. But while these signs are much briefer than those of ordinary longhand, they are still inadequate for the purposes of a practical shorthand. Certain of the most frequently-recurring sounds are therefore represented by additional signs - circles, hooks and loops - called appendages, because they are attached in various ways to the strokes. By means of these supplementary signs the utmost desirable brevity of form is secured.

78. Two Kinds Of Curvilinear Motion

In writing and drawing, all curved lines are made with one of two kinds of motion. In tracing the upper half of a circle the hand moves either from left to right or from right to left. The movement of the hand in the former case may be called evolute; that made in the latter involute motion.

The strokes are made with evolute and with involute motion. In attaching the appendages to strokes either kind of motion may be employed according to circumstances.