This section is from the book "Astrology In A Nutshell", by Charles Henry Webber. Also available from Amazon: Astrology In a Nutshell.
The planets, as previously state-), have qualities and powers similar to the signs which they rule, but each planet has a primary power of its own, which is as follows:

Mars normaly is bold, intrepid, warlike, headstrong, impetuous, independent, conscientious and magnanimous. When afflicted is treacherous and cruel.
Venus is normany pleasing, graceful, cheerful, artful and more than ordinarily inclined to social accomplishments, and also jealous. When afflicted Venus is profligate shame-faced, debauching and not to be trusted.
Mercury is normally smart, active, intellectual, searching, restless, scientific fanciful and curious. When afflicted Mercury is an unsuccessful dabbler into all things, pretending, trifling, boasting and deceiving.

Jupiter, normally is bashfully aspiring, desirous of doing good, affable, wise, prudent and virtuous, and dealing fairly. When afflicted, Jupiter by pretense and insinuating manners, hypocritically and mean, is ever striving to take advantage of others.

Saturn, normaly, is grave, reserved, scientific, profoundly imaginative, industrious, austere an truly friendly. When afflicted, Saturn is sordidly stubborn, suspicious, envious, jealous and murmuring.
But how about Uranus and Neptune. Never you mind about them. Get your first cycle perfect, before you enter a foreign cycle. Uranus and Neptune will do no good to any one on this earth, unless the ancient cycle of the planets are first harmonious or thoroughly understood. Uranus makes a genius, a saint, a worthy, or villainous crank, a homeless wanderer, or a hobo, in accordance with what the combine is, of the planets, as I have given them in this lesson.
Mars is the life-giving planet; the planet of energy and of force, for life sustaining power we look first of all to Mara, and note his relationship, by position or aspect, to Aries. Aries rules the head, - the store house of thought. If these are free from other forces (by aspect) then the Cardinal Fires of life in the head, and the Martial energies wherever else they may he, are strong, and disposed to do good work in such departments of life as the signs represent to be in good aspect to Aries. Mars must be in one of the other fire signs, or in an alry sign (excepting the one opposite to Aries). In all other signs Mars expresses his Negative, or Feminine characteristics. In feminine signs he is similar to being in opposition in tendencies to the positive, or Masculine nature of the Odd-Numbered signs of which Aries is one. In the Even-Numbered signs, Mars leans toward a the Feminine side of life forces, and also in. the positive sign Libra, which is opposite to his own most positive stronghold, Aries. I am talking much of Mars, and yet, I am teaching of the Signs, because I wish to show that these signs where Mars exhibits his Negative qualities, are Negative Signs, except the opposite sign, which is always an exception to this otherwise general rule.
I wish to show also why trines and sextiles are good, and squares bad; merely because they are not of the same strength, or affiliating elemental quality, as is the sign from which the various angles are made, When a planet is in Signs of the same quality as another planet is in they must be in good aspects to each other, and also good if in signs of the same gender (male or female signs; positive or negative signs; odd or even eigne; or by whatever other term you choose to call them, for the purpose of registering them upon your memory.) excepting, always, the opposite, which though of itself positive, becomes negative, because of being upon the other side of the sphere, and therefore out of contact
The opposite Sign, always represents mutual operation, if any, by reason of their trines and sextiles at the cusps of the 2d, 5th, 9th and 11th signs, from either. Hence a planet in trine or sextile with any other planet must of necessity receive a good aspect, from that other planet to its own opposite. This is the law of marriage between opposites.
Now, study out these laws on the Wonder Wheel, by Signs, and not by planets, merely keeping in thought, the similarity between the planets1 and the Signs they rule. When either, or both, of them in a person's fife, is situated in a Horoscope, or a Figure of the Heavens by Transit, Progression, or any other way, just draw your conclusion from their natural qualities operating upon each other, as you would if you were judging the effects of a kettle of water on a stove, or on a cake of ice.
By combining the description of the planetary characteristics as given, as they may be formed at birth, normally or abnormally, good or bad, your own genius, or judgment, if you have any, ought to be able to tell what such planetary conditions would produce, if opportunity is ever offered.
Will the opportunities be offered! Ah! that is an entirely different matter. It belongs to an entirley different part of Astrology than the aspects of the planets to each other, as above given. Most people are looking for the opportunity before they learn of the capability to take advantage of it
The planets by aspects, become mutual in their operations, for either good or bad, as we may hereafter learn.
When planets are in bad aspect to each other, then both of them are in affliction, and, are not disposed to accord with each other, hence trouble arises in all matters which these two planets govern, and as they both act upon the human mind at the self same time - one pulling in one direction and the other pulling differently, we have but to see which is the stronger of the two, to know which way the pull is most likely to be.
for instance, Mercury is the weakest planet in the heavens, hence, any planet can pull him. He can pull only the Moon, which is not a planet, but Mercury is just as full of life, whether pulled one way or another. So Mercury represents the passional nature in life, whether it be the passion of a savior or the passion of a debanche. When planets are in good aspect with each other they are still abnormal, but in their mutuality they are friendly in their good will or assistance to each other, and, in their mutual desires, or interests, or reqiurtments they assist each other. If a person under good planetary aspect with another, assists that other, it is just as much a bene-fit to the one assisting as to the one assisted, but if one in bad aspect with another assists that other - unless the assistance is protected by the will power of civil law - then the assistance will not be of any permanent good to either of them.
 
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