This section is from the book "American Law Of Real Estate Agency", by William Slee Walker. Also available from Amazon: American law of real estate agency.
A letter containing an offer for certain real estate was sent to the supposed owner thereof, who turned it over to a broker; the latter forwarded it to the real owner, with a letter suggesting that said one was the agent of the one making the offer. Held, that the broker was entitled to no commissions on an exchange subsequently effected as a result of the negotiations. Hamilton v. Gillander, 49 N. Y. S. 663, 26 App. Div. 156; Shapiro v. Shapiro, 103 N. Y. S. 305, 117 App. Div. 817; Swaney Land Co. v. Bradford, 165 N. W. 362, - Iowa Sup. - . See Sec. 70.
 
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