Alemtejo, the largest province of Portugal, bounded by Estremadura, Beira, Spain, Al-garve, and the Atlantic ocean; area, 9,416 sq. m.; pop. in 1808, 382,237. The surface on the E. is traversed by irregular chains and groups of hills, which in the western section almost entirely disappear. On the southern border the Algarvian chain rises to the height of 4,000. feet. The principal rivers are the Guadiana, Tagus, and Sadao. The climate on the barren plains of the S. and W. is hot and dry. In the E. it is more salubrious and the soil more fertile, yielding good crops of wheat, barley, rice, and maize. The vine is universally cultivated. The citron, lemon, figs, and pomegranates abound. Attention is paid to the breeding of sheep, hogs, and goats. In a few places there are manufactures of woollen cloths and of earthenware. Alemtejo is divided into the three districts of Portalegre, Evora, and Beja, so called after their chief towns. Capital, Evora.