24 cubic feet of sand, 18 cubic feet of earth, 17 cubic feet of clay, or 13 cubic feet of chalk, make 1 ton.

1 cubic yard of solid gravel or earth contains 18 heaped bushels before digging, and 1 1/2 cubic yard, or 27 heapeu bushels, or 1 load, when dug. 3753. To reduce the Degrees of a

Fahrenheit Thermometer to those of

Reaumur and the Centigrade. Fahrenheit to Reaumur.

Rule.- - Multiply the number of degrees above or below the freezing point by 4, and divide by 9,

Thus 212° - 32= 180 X 4= 720 % 9 = 80. Ans.

Thus + 24° - 32 = 8 X 4 = 32 %

9 - 3.5. Ans.

Fahrenheit to Centigrade. Rule. - Multiply the number of degrees above or below the freezing point, by 5, and dvidie by 9.

Thus 212° - 32 = 180 X 5 = 900 % 9 = 100. Ans.