CORPUS CHRISTI                                          460                   CORRELATION OF STUDIES'

that might be imposed on them. New York was compelled to follow suit, in part, for the same purpose. Other states have joined in this attempt to offer favorable terms with the result that proper provisions for control have not been inserted. The failure to insert proper provisions when incorporating many of the railroads has been especially injurious. It is largely as a result of these mistakes of the state governments, and also because of their inability to agree upon a single line of action toward corporations, that the Federal government has been obliged to take action in the matter. Practically all great trading corporations deal in interstate commerce, and Congress has control over such commerce and thus, indirectly, over such corporations. It has been proposed that all corporations that have interstate commerce be required to receive incorporation from the Federal government.

Corporations may be divided into sole and aggregate. A sole corporation exists where, for example, the Secretary of War in England with his successors is a corporation. Most corporations have many members and are aggregate. These are divided into public and private corporations, of which the former include, for example, cities and villages, which are conducted by the public for the public good. There also are eleemosynary corporations which are run by private individuals for the public good, as colleges, churches. The savings-banks in like manner are eleemosynary.

Corpus Christi, Texas, a city and county-seat of Nueces County, 140 miles from San Antonio. It is located at the mouth of the Nueces River, en Corpus Christi Bay. It is the trading-center of a fine agricultural and stock-raising region, and its oyster and fish-packing-business is very large. The city has good public schools, a convent, several churches, etc. It is served by two railroads, and has a regular steamer-service with New Orleans. Population, 8,222.

Correggio (kŏr-rĕd'jō), Antonio Allegri da, was named from his birthplace, Correggio, near Modena, Italy. He was born in 1494, and, as his father was well-off and his uncle an artist, Antonio seems to have had none of those struggles with poverty that have hampered so many painters. In 1518 he painted a salon in the convent of San Paolo in Parma. The groups of goddesses, graces and nymphs were painted with a fullness of life, gaiety and grace, at that time unknown, that at once stamped him as a genius. In 1522 he began his famous decoration of Parma's cathedral, painting in the main dome his Assumption of the Virgin—the Madonna borne up to heaven by a countless throng of rejoicing angels, while the Savior descends to meet her. This is deemed the painter's

masterpiece, and Titian, when he first saw it, said: "If I were not Titian, I would be Correggio." 7"he Night, Il Giorno and The Reading Magdalene are among his best-known pictures. In Correggio's art there are a wonderful gaiety and a sunny charm; he was a master of light and shadow; and hardly any artist equaled him in painting human flesh. He died on March 5, 1534.

Cor'rigan, Michael Augustine, Roman Catholic archbishop of New York, was born at Newark, N.J.,Aug. 13, 1839, and educated at St. Mary's College,Wilmington, Del. In '1863 he was ordain-[ed to the priesthood at Rome, and, after iholding the chair of dogmatic theology and subsequently the presidency in Seton Hall College, Orange, N. J., he was appointed by Pope Pius IX to the see of Newark in 1873. Seven years later he became coadjutor to Cardinal McCloskey, and, on the death of the latter, was made metropolitan of the diocese of New York in 1885. He died on May 5th, 1902.

Correlation of Studies. In modern methods of teaching the attempt is made to relate together those portions of the subject-matter of the curriculum which appeal to the same human interest. Thus it is evidently better, other things being equal, to teach the history and geography of a country in close connection with each other, rather than independently. The principle of relating portions of the curriculum to each other or to a common interest is called the correlation of studies. Correlation is one of the practical recommendations of the school of Herbart. Froebel also related the activities of the child as far as possible to a central object; but correlation is not the same conception for Froebel as for Herbart. For Herbart, correlation is based upon a theory of association of ideas in the individual mind. For, in order that the life of thought may possess unity and harmony, it seemed to Herbart that ideas should be associated according to a process to be directed by the teacher from without. In other words, instruction needs to be a deliberate endeavor to organize the pupil's ideas, and not merely to present them to him; since otherwise the house of thought and, hence, of will might be so divided against itself that it could not stand. But to Froebel, correlation appears to indicate just the recognition of the fundamental oneness of the individual with society. Correlation

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ARCHBISHOP CORRIGAN