No More Tiresome Hay Pitching on this Farm, where Hay Loaders Elevate the.

Hay to the Men on the Wagons straight Marsh harvesters - carrying a man to bind - there had been made up to and including 1879 over 100,000, of which about two-thirds had been produced by the Marsh combination and the rest by outsiders.

The small kerosene tractor has taken the place of horses and is drawing two wagons at a time.

The Self-Binder.

The development of the automatic binder followed quickly after the introduction of the Marsh harvester, although attempts were made to perfect this machine as early as 1850.

The self-binding harvester was borne on the shoulders of the Marsh harvester. Carpenter, Locke, Gordon, Appleby and every inventor who succeeded in any measure in binding grain, first did so by placing his binding attachment upon a Marsh harvester, taking the grain from a receptacle where it fell to another receptacle where it was bound. The first record of these attempts is a patent granted to J. E. Heath, of Warren, Ohio, in 1850. Watson, Renwick and Watson secured patents in 1851 and 1853, but their machines were very complicated and never more than experiments. From that time until 1865 many patents were granted, none of which may be considered successful.

A Modern Grain Binder in Heavy Oats.

The Withington Binder Built by the McCormicks in 1876 This machine binds the grain with wire..

In 1865 S. D. Locke of Janesville secured a patent which ultimately developed into the Withington wire binder first put out by McCormick in 1875.

The Withington machine was an improvement on the binding device patented by Locke in 1865. McCormick built 50,000 of these machines between 1877 and 1885. It was a simple mechanism which consisted mainly of two steel fingers that moved back and forth and twisted a wire band around each sheaf of grain.

Farmers did not take kindly to the wire binder. They said that wire would mix with the straw and kill their horses and cattle.

The Twine Binder.

This was the situation in the harvesting industry about the time that William Deering took an active interest. He looked about for a better machine. He found John F. Appleby, who, in 1878, had perfected a twine binder attachment. When Deering saw the strong steel arms flash a cord around a bundle of grain, tie a knot, cut the cord and fling

The Deering Twine Binder of 1879.

This is the perfected Marsh harvester with a perfected Appleby twine binding attachment and was first put out by the Deering Company in 1879.

The McCormick Twine Binder of 1881 with the Appleby Binding Attachment, which.

Used Twine Instead of Wire off the sheaf, he knew he had what the world needed. Appleby began working on his invention in 1858, but accomplished nothing until 1869 when he took out his first patent on a "wire binder." In 1874 he began what is known as the Appleby twine binder, operating one in 1875 and 1876 and several in 1877. In 1879 Deering bought out

A Tractor Pulling Five Harvester Binders.

These machines cut a swath 40 feet wide in the grain field, gatherings the grain into bundles and dropping them alongside to be picked up by the sweep rake.

Gammon, joined forces with Appleby, moved the factory from Piano to Chicago in 1880, and began putting out twine binders. In 1881 Mc-Cormick, also, and Champion began building the. Appleby binder.

With the development of an attachment to bind with twine, a new problem arose - where to get a cheap serviceable twine. William Deering again arose to the occasion. He met Edwin H. Fitler in Philadelphia, one of the three twine makers in the United States, and after a good deal of persuasion induced him to take an order for a single-strand binder twine. From that time on, all manufacturers have been

The Progressive Farmer now Uses a Mechanical Manure Spreader to Increase the Productiveness of His Land.

The modern spreader is built low and equipped with a special wide spread attachment which throws the manure well beyond the wheels.

A Grain Drill with Disk and Chain Attachments This drill is large enough to require the strength of four horses to pull it..

A Small Kerosene Tractor can Pull Two or Three Grain Drills Fastened Together by Special Tractor Hitches.

building practically the same machine - the Appleby binding attachment on the Marsh type of harvester which, in turn, was founded on the McCormick cutting mechanism. The self-binder of today is of that type.

Other Machines Follow.

The completion of the reaper set the wheels of farm invention spinning. It was the first great battle successfully won and gave a spirit of confidence and an irresistible spirit of victory to the men who were lifting the burdens off the bodies of men. After the reaper, the mowing machine came naturally. Following the binder in easy sequences came the corn binder, push binder, header and harvester thresher.

Every variety of haying machine, from side-delivery rake and tedder to sweep rake and loader, came eventually to make hay-making easy. The thresher, ensilage cutter, riding plow, disk harrow, cream separator, manure spreader and seeding machines succeeded in making the raising of the world's food a profitable occupation; at the same time, they made it an easy one. Lately, the internal combustion engine, together with its application in the kerosene tractor, promises to make the farmer's emancipation practically complete. If Herbert Casson could say "The United States owes more to the reaper than it does to the factory or the railroad or the Wall Street stock exchange," what can be said of these myriad machines that now do the food-grower's work for him?

Where formerly nearly all the people had to engage in food raising and even then went to bed hungry, now nearly half the people live away from the farm and there is a great abundance of bread and of food.