These are formed by filling cylinders of thin writing paper of about an inch in diameter with the mixtures. The length of the cylinder determines the duration of the light The mixture may be moistened and pounded into the cylinder with a wooden rod. After drying, they will then be hard enough to allow of the removal of the paper, and may be further strengthened by being dipped or painted over with mucilage of gum arabic. The cylinders, when finished, are tied to the upper end of sticks fastened in the ground in a vertical position.

The mixtures vary essentially from those used for colored fires.

White Lights

Saltpetre..... 4 ounces.

Sulphur..... 1 ounce.

Black sulphuret of antimony . 1 "

Yellow Light. I

Sulphuret of antimony . 2 ounces.

Chlorate of potash . . . 4 "

Sulphur..... 2 "t

Oxalate of soda . 1 ounce.

II

Saltpetre . 140 ounces.

Sulphur..... 45 "

Oxalate of soda . . 30 "

Lampblack • • • • 1 ounce.

Green Light. I

Chlorate of baryta • • 2 ounces.

Nitrate of baryta . . 8 "

Sulphur • . . • 1 ounce.

II

Chlorate of potash . . . 20 ounces.

Nitrate of baryta . . . 21 "

Sulphur..... 11 "

Red Light

Nitrate of strontia , 25 ounces.

Chlorate of potash . 15 "

Sulphur.....13 "

Black sulphuret of antimony 4 " Mastic.....1 ounce.

Pink Light

Chlorate of potash . . 12 ounces.

Saltpetre . . . . 5 "

Sugar of milk . . 4 "

Lycopodium 1 ounce.

Oxalate of strontia • . 1 "

Blue Light

Chlorate of potash • • . 3 ounces. Sulphur ...... 1 ounce.

Ammoniated copper • . 1 "

Colored Lights Without Sulphur For In-Door Illuminations

White

Chlorate of potash . . . 12 ounces.

Saltpetre . . . . 4 "

Sugar of milk . . . . 4 "

Lycopodium • • • • 1 ounce. Carbonate of baryta • . 1 "

Yellow

Chlorate of potash 6 ounces.

(or nitrate of baryta) . . 10 "

Saltpetre..... 6 "

Oxalate of soda . . . . 5 " Powdered shellac . . . 3 "

Green {only after yellow or red lights).

Chlorate of potash • . 2 ounces.

Nitrate of baryta . • 1 ounce.

Sugar of milk • • . 1 "

Red

Nitrate of strontia • • 12 ounces. Chlorate of potash . . 8 " Sugar of milk . 1 ounce. Stearin..... 2 ounces.