The territories of the United States not included within the limits of any state may be governed directly by Congress under authority "to make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States" (Art. IV, § 3, ¶ 3). In the exercise of that power Congress may provide as it sees fit for a greater or less degree of local self-government in any portion of such territory. It may provide for the organization of a territorial government in a specified portion of territory set apart under a distinct name given to it, with executive, legislative, and judicial departments, may grant the elective franchise to persons within such territory having certain qualifications, and may authorize the election by them of members of the legislative body. The governor and the judges are appointed by the president. But such judges are not technically "judges of the courts of the United States," within the description of the federal constitution, and its provisions with reference to tenure of office of the judges of the judicial department of the federal government are not applicable to the territorial judges thus provided for, and the courts thus created are not courts of the United States, but courts of the territories, having such authority as Congress may prescribe (American Insurance Co, v. Canter and Clinton v. Englebrecht).