Restrictions on the state and federal government in the exercise of the power to define and provide for the punishment of crime have already been briefly discussed (see above, ch. x) and it has been suggested that on this subject there are certain specific limitations in the federal constitution on the power of states as well as on the power of the federal government. Indeed those provisions in the federal constitution are generally included in the state constitutions, so that the whole subject may be discussed with reference to the provisions of the federal constitution, bearing in mind, however, the rule of construction that general limitations in the federal constitution apply only to the federal government, and that limitations intended as restrictions on state power make specific reference to the states.