Art. 1088. Every obligation consists in giving, doing, or not doing something.

Art. 1089. Obligations are created by law, by contracts, by quasi-contracts, and by illicit acts and omissions or by those in which any kind of fault or negligence occurs.

Art. 1090. Obligations arising from law are not presumed. Those expressly determined in this code or in special laws are the only demandable ones, and they shall be governed by the provisions of the laws which may have established them and by those of this book in regard to what has not been prescribed by said laws.

Art. 1091. Obligations arising from contracts have legal force between the contracting parties, and must be fulfilled in accordance with their stipulations.

Art. 1092. Civil obligations, arising from crimes or misdemeanors, shall be governed by the provisions of the penal code.

Art. 1093. Those arising from acts or omissions, in which faults or negligence, not punished by law, occur, shall be subject to the provisions of chapter 2 of title 162 of this book.