The secondary effects of war are to suspend all non-hostile intercourse between citizens of the hostile states; to change the rights of such citizens, in respect to their dealings with neutrals, and to abrogate those treaties which can have force only in time of peace, e.g., of amity, commerce, navigation, etc.; to suspend those treaties which are permanent and naturally revive at the end of the war, e. g., of boundaries, public debts, etc., and to bring into operation treaties concerning the conduct of hostilities.4