Before going further into the classification of consequences and losses, it is necessary to denote a brief chapter to the classification of damages. The next chapter will, therefore, explain the important classes of damages as follows: Compensatory damages, exemplary damages, nominal damages, and substantial damages.

8 See Chapter III (Classification Of Consequences And Losses. Section 9. Proximate And Remote Consequences In General) on Classification of Consequences of Losses. Sedgwick in his work on Damages (p. 39), gives the following so-called rules of exclusion, enumerating the classes of cases in which no damages can be recovered.

(1) No recovery can be had for damages attributable to any cause other than the cause of action.

(2) No recovery can be had for remote damages.

(3) In actions for breach of a contract, the advantage to be derived from which is money, or money's worth, the party entitled to such advantage can only recover for elements of injury pecuniary in character.

(4) In actions for the recovery of money only, no damages are recoverable beyond the principal sum with interest.

(5) In an original proceeding there can be no recovery for time or money spent in the litigation beyond costs.