A parent is responsible for any tort of his child when said tort was committed under his instructions, with his connivance or consent, in his presence without objection, under circumstances from which it may be inferred that he had knowledge of the act and made no effort to avert it, or where the tort would not have been committed except for his negligence or refusal to take proper precautions to prevent an act of which he may be said to have had constructive notice.1 In the absense of such special circumstances the father is not liable for the torts of his child.2 The father is not liable for the criminal actions of his child unless he was in some way personally connected with such actions.

1 Drinks vs. Grey, 3 Fed. Rep., 862; Beedy vs. Reding, 16 Me., 364, where the parent was held liable in action of trover for articles taken by the child with his knowledge. Sharp vs. Williams, 41 Kans., 56, where the parent was held liable in a case where the child assisted in ducking a school-master. 2 File vs. Unger, 27 Ont. App., 468; Wilson vs. Garrard, 59 111., 51; Malmberg vs. Bartos, 83 111. App., 481.